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1.北京中医药大学 第二临床医学院,北京 100078
2.北京中医药大学 中医养生研究所, 北京 100029
3.北京中医药大学,北京 100078
Received:25 November 2020,
Published Online:22 March 2021,
Published:20 May 2021
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丁雷,朱怡霏,李梅等.苦瓜的降糖作用及机制研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2021,27(10):204-212.
DING Lei,ZHU Yi-fei,LI Mei,et al.Progress on Hypoglycemic Effect and Mechanism of Momordica charantia[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2021,27(10):204-212.
丁雷,朱怡霏,李梅等.苦瓜的降糖作用及机制研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2021,27(10):204-212. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20210807.
DING Lei,ZHU Yi-fei,LI Mei,et al.Progress on Hypoglycemic Effect and Mechanism of Momordica charantia[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2021,27(10):204-212. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20210807.
苦瓜自古以来就是一味药食两用的中药,中医本草古籍中对其性味归经、功效主治的论述大同小异。苦瓜营养价值丰富,富含多种维生素、矿物质,目前已被广泛应用于制作各种膳食补充剂以及功能性食品。同时苦瓜也是迄今为止在传统替代医学中研究最深入的天然药物之一,其药理作用广泛,尤其是治疗代谢性疾病。临床试验已经证实苦瓜具有降糖作用,并且可以降低血脂、减轻体质量等,从而综合改善代谢。对苦瓜治疗糖尿病的机制研究显示苦瓜可以通过改善胰岛
β
细胞功能、改善胰岛素抵抗、抑制肠道内葡萄糖的吸收及抗炎和抗氧化应激等多方面发挥降糖作用。然而目前针对苦瓜降糖的药理作用及各种机制研究缺乏统一的标准,安全性也尚未得到充分证实。继续深入研究苦瓜的降糖作用及机制,探究苦瓜的活性成分、明确药效的物质基础并提取得到结构清晰的单体化合物,印证其有效性和安全性,有助于苦瓜药食同源价值的开发利用并且进一步应用于临床,将苦瓜的降糖作用应用于临床具有重要的经济效益和社会意义。
Momordica charantia
has been a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and food since ancient times. The discussions on its nature, taste and efficacy in ancient books of TCM are almost the same. With a high nutritional value,
M. charantia
is rich in a variety of vitamins and minerals, and has been widely used in the production of a wide range of dietary supplements and functional foods. At the same time,
M. charantia
is one of the most deeply studied natural medicines in traditional alternative medicine, with a wide range of pharmacological effects, especially in the treatment of metabolic diseases. Clinical trials have confirmed that
M. charantia
has a hypoglycemic effect, and could reduce blood lipids and weight loss, so as to improve metabolism in a comprehensive manner. According to the study on the mechanism of
M. charantia
in the treatment of diabetes,
M. charantia
could reduce blood sugar by improving islet
β
-cell function, improving insulin resistance, inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption and resisting inflammation and oxidative stress. However, at present, there is a lack of unified standards for the hypoglycemic effects and various mechanisms of action of
M. charantia
, and the safety has not been fully confirmed. Further studies shall be conducted to investigate the hypoglycemic effect and mechanisms of
M. charantia
, explore active components of
M. charantia
, define the pharmacodynamics material basis, extract monomer compounds with a clear structure and confirm its effectiveness and safety, which is helpful to develop and utilize the homologous value of medicine and food of
M. charantia
and further apply it in clinic. The application of the hypoglycemic effect of
M. charantia
in clinic has important economic benefits and a social significance.
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