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1.江西中医药大学 现代中药制剂教育部重点实验室,南昌 330004
2.成都中医药大学,成都 610075
Received:31 January 2021,
Published Online:23 April 2021,
Published:05 July 2021
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钟萍,汪镇朝,刘英孟等.紫苏叶挥发油化学成分及其药理作用研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2021,27(13):215-225.
ZHONG Ping,WANG Zhen-chao,LIU Ying-meng,et al.Advances on Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils from Perillae Folium and Their Pharmacological Effect:A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2021,27(13):215-225.
钟萍,汪镇朝,刘英孟等.紫苏叶挥发油化学成分及其药理作用研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2021,27(13):215-225. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20211205.
ZHONG Ping,WANG Zhen-chao,LIU Ying-meng,et al.Advances on Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils from Perillae Folium and Their Pharmacological Effect:A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2021,27(13):215-225. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20211205.
紫苏是我国的传统中药材,具有药食两用的特点,其分布范围及应用范围均较为广泛。紫苏中含有较多挥发油,其化学成分包括单萜、倍半萜及其含氧衍生物等。相对于紫苏的其他部位,紫苏叶的得油率相对较高,挥发油是紫苏叶的主要成分。紫苏叶挥发油的活性物质较多,主要包括紫苏醛,紫苏酮,紫苏醇,
D
-柠檬烯,
β
-石竹烯等,紫苏种质、生长环境、提取方法、栽培时间和采收期等因素均会引起紫苏叶挥发油成分含量的变化。紫苏叶挥发油主要具有抗氧化、抗菌消炎、舒张血管、抗肿瘤、抗抑郁等药理作用,临床应用价值较高,但紫苏叶挥发油的化学成分复杂,且具有不稳定性,其药理作用受到多种因素影响,临床用药的安全性和有效性难以保障,这可能会对紫苏叶挥发油的合理有效利用造成一定阻碍作用。国内外有学者对紫苏叶挥发油进行了大量的研究,但目前为止,还没有关于紫苏叶挥发油的化学成分及其药理作用的系统全面研究报道。该文章总结国内外相关文献,分析紫苏叶挥发油的发展现状,对其提取工艺、化学成分及药理作用进行综合概述,期望为紫苏叶挥发油的深度开发、临床应用、风险评估提供参考,对其问题及发展提供改进方向。
Perilla frutescens
is a traditional medicinal and edible plant widely distributed in China and enjoys an extensive usage.
P. frutescens
contains multiple essential oils, which are composed of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and their oxygen-containing derivatives. Compared with other parts of
P. frutescens
, Perillae Folium produce more oils, with volatile oils as the main constituents. There are many active substances in the volatile oils from Perillae Folium, mainly including perillaldehyde, perillaketone, perillaalcohol,
D
-limonene,
β
-caryophylene, etc. Such factors as germplasm, growth environment, extraction method, cultivation time, and harvest period all can trigger changes in volatile oil constituents and content from Perillae Folium. The volatile oils from Perillae Folium have diverse pharmacological effects like anti-oxidation, anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, vasodilation, anti-tumor, and anti-depression, implying its high clinical application value. However, the chemical constituents in volatile oils from Perillae Folium are complex and unstable and their pharmacological activities are affected by many factors, so the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication fail to be guaranteed, which may has impeded the rational and effective use of these volatile oils. Many scholars in China and abroad have conducted a lot of research on the volatile oils from Perillae Folium, but there is currently no systematic and comprehensive research report on the chemical constituents of volatile oils from Perillae Folium and their pharmacological effects. This paper reviewed the relevant domestic and foreign literature, analyzed the development status of volatile oils from Perillae Folium, and summarized their extraction process, chemical constituents, and pharmacological actions, aiming to provide a reference for their further development, clinical application, and risk assessment.
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