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1.河南中医药大学 河南省豫产道地药材综合开发利用工程技术研究中心,郑州 450046
2.中国中医科学院 中药研究所,北京 100700
Received:12 April 2021,
Published Online:15 June 2021,
Published:05 February 2022
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梁韩晶,吕江南,冯庆梅等.牛蒡叶化学成分及主要成分动态积累规律分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(03):139-146.
LIANG Han-jing,LYU Jiang-nan,FENG Qing-mei,et al.Analysis on Chemical Constituents and Dynamic Accumulation of Main Components in Arctium lappa Leaves[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(03):139-146.
梁韩晶,吕江南,冯庆梅等.牛蒡叶化学成分及主要成分动态积累规律分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(03):139-146. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20211763.
LIANG Han-jing,LYU Jiang-nan,FENG Qing-mei,et al.Analysis on Chemical Constituents and Dynamic Accumulation of Main Components in Arctium lappa Leaves[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(03):139-146. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20211763.
目的
2
明确牛蒡叶的化学成分;阐明其主要成分的动态积累规律,为牛蒡叶适宜采收期的确定提供依据。
方法
2
采用硅胶,大孔吸附树脂,LH-20型羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20),十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(ODS),微孔树脂(MCI)等柱色谱法和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对牛蒡叶中主要化学成分进行系统分离,结合谱学技术对所分离的成分进行鉴定;采用HPLC-二极管阵列检测器(DAD),Shim-pack GIST C
18
色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相乙腈(A)-0.3%磷酸水溶液(B)梯度洗脱(0~9 min,13%A,9~10 min,13%~24%A;10~30 min,24%A),流速1.0 mL·min
-1
,柱温40 ℃,检测波长328 nm,对牛蒡叶中4个成分进行积累动态分析。
结果
2
从牛蒡叶中分离并鉴定了17个化合物,分别为咖啡酸(
1
),芦丁(
2
),山柰酚-3-
O
-芸香糖苷(
3
),槲皮素-3-
O
-
β
-
D
-吡喃葡萄糖苷(
4
),山柰酚-3-
O
-
β
-
D
-吡喃葡萄糖苷(
5
),绿原酸(
6
),异绿原酸A(
7
),胡萝卜苷(
8
),熊果酸(
9
),anemarrhenoside B(
10
),开环异落叶松脂醇(
11
),vladinol D(
12
),melitensin(
13
),秦皮乙素(
14
),1-(2-乙基苯基)-1,2-乙二醇(
15
),1-(4-乙基苯基)-1,2-乙二醇(
16
),3-羟基-1-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯)-1-丙酮(
17
);绿原酸、芦丁、山柰酚-3-
O
-芸香糖苷、异绿原酸A为牛蒡叶中4个主要成分,其中绿原酸、芦丁和山柰酚-3-
O
-芸香糖苷含量在4~8月呈上升趋势,8月达到峰值;异绿原酸A含量在4~8月呈先上升后下降趋势,7月份达到峰值。
结论
2
化合物
10
,
12
~
17
首次从牛蒡属中分离得到;以4个主要成分(绿原酸、芦丁、山柰酚-3-
O
-芸香糖苷、异绿原酸A)的含量为指标,结合牛蒡根、牛蒡叶资源的综合开发利用考虑,建议8月中旬采收牛蒡叶。
Objective
2
To determine the chemical constituents of burdock (
Arctium lappa
) leaves, and elucidate dynamic accumulation rule of four main components, in order to provide the basis for determining the suitable harvest time of burdock leaves.
Method
2
Silica gel, macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20, octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica (ODS), microporous resin (MCI) column chromatography and reversed-phase preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to isolate the main chemical constituents in burdock leaves.
Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. HPLC-diode array detector (DAD) was used to analyze the dynamic accumulation of four components in burdock leaf. HPLC-DAD was performed on a Shim-pack GIST C
18
column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase of acetonitrile (A)-0.3% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (B) (0-9 min, 13%A; 9-10 min, 13%-24%A; 10-30 min, 24%A), flow rate of 1.0 mL·min
-1
, column temperature of 40 ℃, and detection wavelength at 328 nm.
Result
2
Seventeen compounds were isolated from burdock leaves, and identified as caffeic acid (
1
), rutin (
2
), kaempferol-3-
O
-rutinoside (
3
), quercetin-3-
O
-
β
-
D
-glucopyranoside (
4
), kaempferol-3-
O
-
β
-
D
-glucopyranoside (
5
), chlorogenic acid (
6
), isochlorogenic acid A (
7
), daucosterol (
8
), ursolic acid (
9
), anemarrhenoside B (
10
), (-)-secoisolariciresinol (
11
), vladinol D (
12
), melitensin (
13
), esculetin (
14
), 1-(-2-ethylphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol (
15
), 1-(-4-ethylphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol (
16
), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (
17
). The contents of chlorogenic acid, rutin and kaempferol-3-
O
-rutinoside in burdock leaves showed an upward trend from April to August, and reached the highest in August. And the content of isochlorogenic acid A firstly increased and then decreased from April to August, and reached the highest in July.
Conclusion
2
Compounds
10
,
12
-
17
were isolated from
Arctium
for the first time. Taking the contents of chlorogenic acid, rutin, kaempferol-3-
O
-rutinoside, and isochlorogenic acid A as indicators, considering the comprehensive development and utilization of burdock roots and leaves, it is recommended to harvest burdock leaves in mid-August.
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