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1.河南中医药大学 第一附属医院,郑州 450000
2.河南中医药大学,郑州 450000
Received:22 June 2021,
Published Online:19 August 2021,
Published:20 October 2021
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许玉珉,沈晓明,兰瑞等.开心散对APP/PS1小鼠学习记忆能力和突触功能的机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2021,27(20):15-22.
XU Yu-min,SHEN Xiao-ming,LAN Rui,et al.Mechanism of Kaixinsan on Learning and Memory Ability and Synaptic Function of APP/PS1 Mice[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2021,27(20):15-22.
许玉珉,沈晓明,兰瑞等.开心散对APP/PS1小鼠学习记忆能力和突触功能的机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2021,27(20):15-22. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20212036.
XU Yu-min,SHEN Xiao-ming,LAN Rui,et al.Mechanism of Kaixinsan on Learning and Memory Ability and Synaptic Function of APP/PS1 Mice[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2021,27(20):15-22. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20212036.
目的
2
探讨开心散对APP/PS1小鼠学习记忆和突触功能的潜在保护机制。
方法
2
将60只APP/PS1小鼠随机分为模型组,多奈哌齐(2 mg·kg
-1
·d
-1
)组,开心散低、中、高剂量(0.7,1.4,2.8 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
)组,同月龄同窝野生型小鼠为正常组,每组12只。连续灌胃给药2个月后进行Morris水迷宫实验。采用透射电镜观察海马神经元超微结构。采用比色法检测血清乙酰胆碱(ACh),乙酰胆碱转移酶(ChAT),乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)含量和海马活性氧(ROS),丙二醛(MDA),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real time-PCR)检测海马脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF),
β
-神经生长因子(NGFB),discs大同源物(DLG)2,DLG4,突触素(SYP)mRNA的表达。
结果
2
与正常组比较,模型组小鼠逃避潜伏期明显延长,穿越平台次数,目标象限停留时间显著减少(
P
<
0.01),线粒体数量明显减少,形态各异,排列不规则,部分线粒体明显肿胀,变形,线粒体嵴断裂,胞浆溶解,呈空泡状,细胞碎片较多,血清ACh,ChAT含量显著降低,AChE水平显著升高(
P
<
0.01),海马ROS,MDA明显升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),SOD,GSH-Px显著下降(
P
<
0.01),海马BDNF,NGFB,DLG2,DLG4,SYP mRNA水平明显下降(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。与模型组比较,多奈哌齐组和开心散中、高剂量组逃避潜伏期明显缩短,穿越平台次数明显增加,目标象限停留时间明显延长(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),线粒体损伤改善,形态规则,多呈椭圆形,线粒体肿胀、变形减少,线粒体嵴清晰,血清ACh,ChAT水平明显升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),AChE活性明显下降(
P
<
0.05),海马ROS水平明显降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),MDA水平明显降低(
P
<
0.05),SOD,GSH-Px活性明显增加,海马BDNF,NGFB,DLG2,DLG4,SYP mRNA水平明显升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),开心散低剂量组目标象限停留时间明显延长,海马SYP mRNA水平明显增加(
P
<
0.05),各组间的游泳速度比较,差异无统计学意义。
结论
2
开心散通过提高突触可塑性相关蛋白表达、减轻海马神经元超微结构损伤、抗氧化应激、调节胆碱能神经递质,改善APP/PS1小鼠学习记忆能力,从而发挥神经保护作用。
Objective
2
To explore the underlying protective mechanism of Kaixinsan on learning, memory, and synaptic function in APP/PS1 mice.
Method
2
Sixty APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into a model group, a donepezil (2 mg·kg
-1
·d
-1
) group, and low- (0.7 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
), medium- (1.4 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
), and high-dose (2.8 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
) Kaixinsan groups, and the wild-type mice of the same age in the same litter were assigned to the normal group, with 12 mice in each group. After continuous intragastric administration for two months, the Morris water maze experiment was performed. The ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The colorimetric assay was used to detect serum content of acetylcholine (ACh), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and levels of hippocampal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real- time PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), beta-nerve growth factor (NGFB), discs large homolog (DLG)2, DLG4, and synaptophysin (SYP).
Result
2
Compared with the normal group, the model group showed prolonged escape latency, reduced number of crossing platforms, shortened stay in the target quadrant (
P
<
0.01), decreased number of mitochondria with different shapes and irregular arrangement, some swollen and deformed mitochondria with broken mitochondrial cristae, endolysis, and cytoplasm vacuole, and more cell debris. Additionally, the model group also displayed reduced serum levels of ACh and ChAT, increased AChE (
P
<
0.01), elevated hippocampal ROS and MDA (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), declining SOD and GSH-Px (
P
<
0.01), and diminished hippocampal BDNF, NGFB, DLG2, DLG4, and SYP mRNA levels (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, the donepezil group, and the medium- and high-dose Kaixinsan groups showed shortened escape latency, increased number of crossing platforms, prolonged stay in the target quadrant (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), improved mitochondrial damage with a regular shape (mainly oval shape), relieved mitochondrial swelling and deformation, and clear mitochondrial cristae. Furthermore, the donepezil group, and the medium- and high-dose Kaixinsan groups also exhibited increased serum ACh and ChAT levels (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), blunted AChE activity (
P
<
0.05), reduced hippocampal ROS level (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), declining MDA level (
P
<
0.05), potentiated SOD and GSH-Px activities, and up-regulated hippocampal BDNF, NGFB, DLG2, DLG4, and SYP mRNA levels (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). In the low-dose Kaixinsan group, the stay time in the target quadrant was prolonged and the expression of hippocampal SYP mRNA was elevated significantly (
P
<
0.05). There was no statistical difference in swimming speed between the groups.
Conclusion
2
Kaixinsan can improve the learning and memory ability of APP/PS1 mice by increasing the expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins, reducing the ultrastructural damage to hippocampal neurons, resisting oxidative stress, and regulating cholinergic neurotransmitters, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.
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