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1.山东中医药大学,济南 250355
2.山东省中医经典名方协同创新中心,济南 250355
Received:01 July 2021,
Published Online:24 September 2021,
Published:20 November 2021
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张立娟,张蔷,娄原等.通窍活血汤通过调节星形胶质细胞Glu-Gln循环降低Glu兴奋性毒性改善CIRI大鼠的神经功能[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2021,27(22):31-40.
ZHANG Li-juan,ZHANG Qiang,LOU Yuan,et al.Tongqiao Huoxuetang Improves Neurological Deficits in CIRI Rats by Regulating Glu-Gln Circulation to Reduce Glutamate Excitotoxicity of Astrocytes[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2021,27(22):31-40.
张立娟,张蔷,娄原等.通窍活血汤通过调节星形胶质细胞Glu-Gln循环降低Glu兴奋性毒性改善CIRI大鼠的神经功能[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2021,27(22):31-40. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20212102.
ZHANG Li-juan,ZHANG Qiang,LOU Yuan,et al.Tongqiao Huoxuetang Improves Neurological Deficits in CIRI Rats by Regulating Glu-Gln Circulation to Reduce Glutamate Excitotoxicity of Astrocytes[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2021,27(22):31-40. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20212102.
目的
2
观察并比较3种不同方法制备的通窍活血汤对脑缺血再灌注损伤(CIRI)大鼠的保护作用,并从星形胶质细胞谷氨酸(Glu)代谢通路探讨其作用机制。
方法
2
选用SPF级雄性SD大鼠,以改良线栓法建立CIRI模型,将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、通窍活血汤水煎组、通窍活血汤酒煎组、通窍活血汤醇提组,并设假手术组,分别给予对应药物灌胃,连续治疗7 d。通窍活血汤3个组的灌胃剂量为6.3 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
,假手术组和模型组给予同体积生理盐水灌胃。末次灌胃结束后,以神经功能缺损评分(mNSS)检测大鼠神经功能恢复情况,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察缺血脑组织的形态学变化,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测大鼠缺血脑组织中Glu含量的变化,免疫组织荧光法检测缺血脑组织中谷氨酸转运体-1(GLT-1)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)及谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和GFAP的共表达情况;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测缺血脑组织中GFAP,GLT-1和GS蛋白的表达情况。
结果
2
与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠mNSS评分显著升高(
P<
0.01),缺血脑组织皮质大片坏死,细胞排列紊乱、边界模糊,出现细胞水肿及炎性浸润;缺血脑组织中Glu的含量显著增加(
P<
0.01),GLT-1与GFAP共表达及GS与GFAP共表达显著降低(
P<
0.01),GFAP蛋白表达显著升高(
P<
0.01),GLT-1,GS蛋白表达明显降低(
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01);与模型组比较,3种方法制备的通窍活血组mNSS评分均显著降低(
P<
0.01),大鼠缺血脑组织皮质及海马神经细胞的损伤程度均有所减轻;缺血脑组织中Glu的含量均明显减少(
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01),GLT-1与GFAP共表达均明显升高(
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01),GFAP,GLT-1蛋白表达均明显升高(
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01),通窍活血汤酒煎组、通窍活血汤醇提组GS与GFAP共表达明显增加(
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01),GS蛋白的表达显著升高(
P<
0.01)。与通窍活血汤水煎组比较,通窍活血汤醇提组GLT-1和GFAP共表达及GS和GFAP共表达明显增加(
P<
0.05),通窍活血汤酒煎组、通窍活血汤醇提组GS蛋白表达明显升高(
P<
0.05),通窍活血汤醇提组Glu含量显著降低(
P<
0.01),GFAP,GLT-1蛋白表达明显升高(
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01);与通窍活血汤酒煎组比较,通窍活血汤醇提组GFAP,GLT-1蛋白表达升高(
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01)。
结论
2
3种方式制备的通窍活血汤皆可改善CIRI大鼠的神经功能,其作用可能通过促进星形胶质细胞的进一步活化,增加GLT-1和GS表达,促进星形胶质细胞通过Glu-Gln循环清除突触间隙中Glu的过度堆积,降低Glu兴奋性毒性作用而实现。通窍活血汤醇提组在降低缺血脑组织Glu含量、促进星形胶质细活化、增强GLT-1和GS蛋白表达方面优于通窍活血汤酒煎组、通窍活血汤水煎组。
Objective
2
To observe and compare the protective effects of Tongqiao Huoxue decoction (TQHX) prepared by three methods against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), and to explore its mechanism through the glutamate (Glu) metabolic pathway in astrocytes.
Method
2
The male SD rats of SPF grade were subjected to CIRI model induction by the modified middle cerebral artery occlusion method. The model rats were randomly divided into a model group, a sham operation group, and water-decocted, wine-decocted, and alcohol-extracted TQHX (6.3 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
) groups. The rats were treated correspondingly for 7 days. Those in the sham operation group and the model group were treated with an equal volume of normal saline by gavage. After the final treatment, the neurological function of rats was assessed by the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of ischemic brain tissues in rats. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect glutamate (Glu) in ischemic brain tissues. The expression of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and co-expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) and GFAP in ischemic brain tissues were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of GFAP, GLT-1, and GS.
Result
2
Compared with the sham operation group, the model group showed increased mNSS (
P
<
0.01), large necrosis of cerebral cortex in ischemic brain tissues with disordered cell arrangement, obscure boundary, intracellular edema, and inflammatory infiltration, elevated Glu in ischemic brain tissues (
P
<
0.01), declining GLT-1-GFAP co-expression and GS-GFAP co-expression (
P
<
0.01), up-regulated expression of GFAP protein, and reduced protein expression of GLT-1 and GS(
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01). Compared with the model group, the TQHX groups showed decreased mNSS (
P<
0.01), relieved injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal nerve cells in ischemic brain tissues, reduced Glu expression(
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01), elevated co-expression of GLT-1 and GFAP (
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01), and up-regulated protein expression of GFAP and GLT-1(
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01). The co-expression of GS and GFAP (
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01)and the expression of GS (
P<
0.01)were increased in the wine-decocted and alcohol-extracted TQHX groups. Compared with the water-decocted TQHX group, the alcohol-extracted group showed increased GLT-1-GFAP and GS-GFAP co-expression(
P<
0.05); the wine-decocted and alcohol-extracted TQHX groups exhibited elevated GS protein expression (
P<
0.05); the alcohol-extracted TQHX group displayed declining Glu content (
P
<
0.01) and increased protein expression of GFAP and GLT-1 (
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01). Compared with the wine-decocted TQHX group, the alcohol-extracted TQHX group showed increased protein expression of GFAP and GLT-1(
P<
0.05,
P<
0.01).
Conclusion
2
TQHX prepared by three methods can improve neurological deficits in CIRI rats. The effect is presumedly achieved by promoting the further activation of astrocytes, increasing the expression of GLT-1 and GS, promoting the clearance of Glu accumulated in the synaptic cleft by astrocytes through the Glu-glutamine (Gln) circulation, and reducing the excitotoxicity of Glu. The alcohol-extracted TQHX group was superior to the water-decocted and wine-decocted TQHX groups in reducing the content of Glu in ischemic brain tissues, promoting the activation of astrocytes, and enhancing the protein expression of GLT-1 and GS.
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