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1.广西中医药大学,南宁 530200
2.广西医科大学 附属柳州市人民医院,广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会,广西临床疾病生物技术研究重点实验室,广西 柳州 545006
Received:11 July 2021,
Published Online:02 September 2021,
Published:05 November 2021
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陈勇,覃乐,叶晓雪等.细胞焦亡与肝脏疾病的相关性及中医药研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2021,27(21):232-241.
CHEN Yong,QIN Le,YE Xiao-xue,et al.Correlation and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention of Pyroptosis and Liver Diseases[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2021,27(21):232-241.
陈勇,覃乐,叶晓雪等.细胞焦亡与肝脏疾病的相关性及中医药研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2021,27(21):232-241. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20212123.
CHEN Yong,QIN Le,YE Xiao-xue,et al.Correlation and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention of Pyroptosis and Liver Diseases[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2021,27(21):232-241. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20212123.
细胞焦亡又称细胞炎性坏死,其形态学特征、发生及调控机制不同于凋亡、坏死等细胞死亡方式,是近年来发现并证实的一种依赖半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(Caspase)的新型程序性细胞死亡方式。研究表明,细胞焦亡与肝脏疾病发生过程密切相关,在酒精性肝病(ALD),非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD),肝纤维化和肝癌等病变过程中可能发挥着重要作用。细胞焦亡主要通过经典途径NOD样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体活化Caspase-1,进而裂解效应蛋白消化道皮肤素D(GSDMD),释放白细胞介素-18(IL-18),白细胞介素-1
β
(IL-1
β
)等促炎细胞因子引起肝细胞炎性损伤,进而促进肝病的发生发展。临床上使用中药治疗肝脏疾病疗效独特,不良反应较低。中药干预肝脏疾病后,其阻断细胞焦亡信号通路方式为①抑制NLRP3炎症小体多蛋白复合物的组装和激活;②降低Caspase-1或Caspase-4/Caspase-5/Caspase-11的活性;③抑制GSDMD的裂解,减少IL-18和IL-1
β
促炎细胞因子的释放。通过这几个方面阻断焦亡信号通路,减轻肝脏炎症程度,从而发挥抗肝病作用。因此,深入研究细胞焦亡有利于认识肝脏疾病发生发展和转归中的作用,增强或抑制焦亡可能为中药防治肝病提供新策略。目前针对经典焦亡信号通路中的关键蛋白NLRP3炎症小体成为中药抗肝病靶点之一。该文简要概述了细胞焦亡与肝脏疾病的关系,对近年来中药单体、复方、有效部位和提取物的干预情况进行归纳总结,为进一步探索细胞焦亡致病机制及中药治疗肝脏疾病提供重要指导。
Pyroptosis, also known as cell inflammatory necrosis, is different from apoptosis, necrosis, and other forms of cell death in morphological characteristics, occurrence, and regulatory mechanism. It is a new type of programmed cell death dependent on Caspase, which has been discovered and confirmed in recent years. Studies have shown that pyroptosis is closely related to the occurrence of liver diseases, and is critical in alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. Pyroptosis causes inflammatory injury of hepatocytes to promote the occurrence and development of liver diseases by activating Caspase-1, cleaving the effector gasdermin-D (GSDMD), and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1
β
(IL-1
β
) mainly through the classical NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. Clinically, Chinese medicine in the treatment of liver diseases has unique efficacy and low side effects. In the intervention on liver diseases, Chinese medicine blocks the pyroptosis signaling pathway to relieve the liver inflammation by inhibiting the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome multiprotein complex, blunting the activity of Caspase-1 or Caspase-4/Caspase-5/Caspase-11, and inhibiting the cleavage of GSDMD to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 and IL-1
β
. Therefore, in-depth investigation of pyroptosis facilitates unveiling its role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of liver diseases, and the enhancement or inhibition of pyroptosis may provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases by Chinese medicine. At present, NLRP3 inflammasome, a key protein in the classic pyroptosis signaling pathway, has become an anti-liver disease target of Chinese medicine. This study briefly summarized the relationship between pyroptosis and liver diseases and reviewed the intervention of monomers, compound prescriptions, effective fractions and extracts of Chinese medicine in recent years to provide important guidance for further exploring the pathogenic mechanism of pyroptosis and the treatment of liver diseases with Chinese medicine.
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