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1.湖北中医药大学,武汉 430065
2.华中科技大学 同济医学院 附属武汉中心医院,武汉 430014
3.湖北省中医院,武汉 430061
Received:09 October 2021,
Published Online:27 December 2021,
Published:20 March 2022
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黄芳,谭子虎,陈奕妙等.六味地黄汤促进自噬调控小胶质细胞表型减轻糖尿病抑郁大鼠ACC髓鞘损伤及抑郁行为[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(06):7-16.
HUANG Fang,TAN Zi-hu,CHEN Yi-miao,et al.Liuwei Dihuangtang Alleviates Myelin Injury in Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Depression-like Behaviors of Rats with Diabetes Mellitus and Depression via Promoting Autophagy and Regulating Microglial Phenotype[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(06):7-16.
黄芳,谭子虎,陈奕妙等.六味地黄汤促进自噬调控小胶质细胞表型减轻糖尿病抑郁大鼠ACC髓鞘损伤及抑郁行为[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(06):7-16. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220305.
HUANG Fang,TAN Zi-hu,CHEN Yi-miao,et al.Liuwei Dihuangtang Alleviates Myelin Injury in Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Depression-like Behaviors of Rats with Diabetes Mellitus and Depression via Promoting Autophagy and Regulating Microglial Phenotype[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(06):7-16. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220305.
目的
2
观察六味地黄汤对糖尿病抑郁(DD)大鼠抑郁样行为的影响,并探讨其作用机制。
方法
2
50只SPF级雄性SD大鼠采用高脂饮食喂养加尾静脉注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法制备糖尿病模型,随后糖尿病大鼠予28 d慢性不可预测的轻度应激(CUMS)的方法建立DD模型。随机分为5组,分别为模型组、氟西汀组(氟西汀10 mg·kg
-1
·d
-1
)、六味地黄汤低、中、高剂量组(3.375、6.75、13.5 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
),每组10只。另取正常组10只,生理盐水灌胃。连续灌胃4周后,强迫游泳实验用于评估大鼠的抑郁表型,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测前扣带回皮层(ACC)肿瘤坏死因子-
α
(TNF-
α
)、白细胞介素-1
β
(IL-1
β
)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)表达水平;免疫荧光检测ACC区髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)表达、小胶质细胞离子钙结合衔接分子1(Iba1)与微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)共定位;蛋白免疫印迹法检测ACC区MBP、髓鞘脂蛋白(PLP)、髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)和Beclin-1、LC3、p62及小胶质细胞(MG)表型相关蛋白诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、精氨酸酶1(Arg1)蛋白表达水平。
结果
2
与正常组比较,模型组大鼠在强迫游泳实验中游泳时间下降、不动时间增加(
P
<
0.01)。与模型组比较,六味地黄汤中、高剂量组不动时间均有不同程度地降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠ACC区MBP、PLP、MOG蛋白表达降低(
P
<
0.01);与模型组比较,氟西汀组、六味地黄汤中、高剂量组MBP、PLP、MOG蛋白表达不同程度上调(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠ACC区MBP荧光强度显著降低(
P
<
0.01);与模型组比较,六味地黄汤中、高剂量组和氟西汀组MBP荧光表达强度不同程度地增加(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠iNOS表达增加(
P
<
0.01),Arg1蛋白的表达轻度增加。与模型组相比,六味地黄汤中、高剂量组和氟西汀组iNOS表达下调,Arg1蛋白表达上调(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),氟西汀组与六味地黄汤中、高剂量组之间差异无统计学意义。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠ACC促炎因子IL-1
β
、TNF-
α
表达显著增加(
P
<
0.01),抗炎因子IL-4、IL-10水平轻度增加。与模型组比较,氟西汀组、六味地黄汤中、高剂量组IL-1
β
、TNF-
α
表达下调(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),IL-4、IL-10表达水平明显增加(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠Beclin-1和LC3 Ⅱ蛋白的表达降低(
P
<
0.01),p62蛋白的表达增加(
P
<
0.01)。与模型组比较,六味地黄汤中、高剂量组和氟西汀组Beclin-1和LC3 Ⅱ表达上调(
P
<
0.01),p62表达下调(
P
<
0.01);与正常组比较,模型组ACC区LC3
+
Iba1
+
细胞数明显减少(
P
<
0.01);与模型组比较,氟西汀组和六味地黄汤中、高剂量组LC3
+
Iba1
+
细胞数不同程度地增加(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。
结论
2
六味地黄汤改善DD大鼠抑郁样行为,其机制可能是通过促进MG自噬,调控MG表型变化,增加MG对髓鞘碎片的清除;同时MG表型转换还抑制DD大鼠ACC炎症水平,改善少突胶质细胞增殖、分化的局部微环境,并最终促进受损髓鞘修复及再髓鞘化。
Objective
2
To observe the effect of Liuwei Dihuangtang (LWDHT) on depression-like behaviors of rats with diabetes mellitus and depression (DD) and explore its mechanism.
Method
2
The diabetes mellitus (DM) model was induced by the high-fat diet and tail vein injection of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) in 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats of SPF grade. Then the DD model was induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 28 days in DM rats. Fifty DD rats were randomly divided into model group, fluoxetine group (10 mg·kg
-1
·d
-1
), and low-, medium-, and high-dose LWDHT groups (3.375, 6.75, 13.5 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
), with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 healthy rats were assigned into a control group and received normal saline by gavage. After four weeks of drug intervention, the forced swimming assay was carried out to assess the depression-like behaviors of rats. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-
α
(TNF-
α
), interleukin-1
β
(IL-1
β
), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in ACC and the co-localization of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) with intracellular microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). The protein expression levels of MBP, myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), Beclin-1, LC3, p62, and microglia (MG) phenotypic protein-related inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and arginase 1 (Arg1) were detected by Western blot.
Result
2
Compared with the control group, the model group showed shortened swimming time and prolonged immobility time (
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, the medium- and high-dose LWDHT groups showed reduced immobility time (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the control group, the model group showed decreased protein expression of MBP, PLP, and MOG in the ACC region (
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, the fluoxetine group and the medium- and high-dose LWDHT groups showed up-regulated protein expression of MBP, PLP, and MOG (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the control group, the model group showed decreased MBP fluorescence intensity in the ACC region (
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, the fluoxetine group and the medium- and high-dose LWDHT groups showed increased MBP fluorescence intensity in the ACC region (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the control group, the model group showed increased expression of iNOS (
P
<
0.01) and slightly increased Arg1 protein expression. Compared with the model group, the medium- and high-dose LWDHT groups and the fluoxetine group showed down-regulated iNOS expression and up-regulated Arg1 protein expression (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), but there was no significant difference between the fluoxetine group and the medium-,high-dose LWDHT groups. Compared with the control group, the model group showed increased expression levels of proinflammatory factors IL-1
β
and TNF-
α
in the ACC region (
P
<
0.01) and slightly increased expression levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10. Compared with the model group, the fluoxetine group, and the medium- and high-dose LWDHT groups showed down-regulated expression of IL-1
β
and TNF-
α
(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01) and up-regulated expression of IL-4 and IL-10 (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the control group, the model group showed reduced expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3Ⅱ (
P
<
0.01) and increased expression level of p62 (
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, the fluoxetine group and the medium- and high-dose LWDHT groups showed up-regulated Beclin-1 and LC3Ⅱ expression (
P
<
0.01) and down-regulated p62 expression (
P
<
0.01). Compared with the control group, the model group showed decreased LC3
+
Iba1
+
cells in the ACC region (
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, the fluoxetine group and the medium- and high-dose LWDHT groups showed increased LC3
+
Iba1
+
cells (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01).
Conclusion
2
LWDHT can alleviate the depression-like behaviors in DD rats presumedly by promoting MG autophagy, regulating MG phenotypic changes, and increasing MG clearance of myelin sheath fragments. Meanwhile, MG phenotypic transformation also inhibits ACC inflammation in DD rats, improves the local microenvironment of oligodendrocyte proliferation and differentiation, and ultimately promotes the repair and remyelination of damaged myelin sheath.
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