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甘肃中医药大学,兰州 730000
Received:30 July 2021,
Published Online:15 December 2021,
Published:20 February 2022
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李旭,张雪燕,杨世培等.中药多糖抗衰老作用机制研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(04):271-282.
LI Xu,ZHANG Xue-yan,YANG Shi-pei,et al.Anti-aging Mechanism of Chinese Medicinal Polysaccharides: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(04):271-282.
李旭,张雪燕,杨世培等.中药多糖抗衰老作用机制研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(04):271-282. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220438.
LI Xu,ZHANG Xue-yan,YANG Shi-pei,et al.Anti-aging Mechanism of Chinese Medicinal Polysaccharides: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(04):271-282. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220438.
近年来,人口老龄化趋势不断加剧,养老负担及高发率的老年病对社会、经济的发展产生了一定的负面影响。衰老是一个涉及多器官、多因素与多种疾病发生有关的生物学过程,由于衰老的发生发展涉及多种信号通路,如营养感应信号通路、胞内应激信号通路等,成为抗衰老药物研究的热点与难点。中药活性成分-多糖类物质,具有抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、抗病毒等多种生物学活性,且在抗衰老方面有显著优势,有望成为潜在的抗衰老药物。研究表明,中药多糖能通过多种作用机制发挥抗衰老功效,其抗衰老功效主要体现在通过饮食限制,促进长寿基因沉默信息调节因子1(Sirt1),叉头转录因子(FoxO)表达,增加机体对胰岛素的敏感性,激活Sirt1去乙酰化酶或抑制胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子1(IIS/IGF-1)及雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路,有效抑制衰老;此外,还可通过抑制活性氧(ROS)产生及促炎介质释放,增加抗炎及抗氧化能力,发挥免疫调节功效,有效抑制炎症衰老;也可通过p53介导的途径抑制细胞凋亡并延缓衰老。虽然中药多糖抗衰老研究多,作用广泛,效果良好,但是缺乏对中药多糖抗衰老作用机制的系统性综述,因此,该文总结PubMed与中国知网数据库中相关文献,就中药多糖抗衰老作用机制进行系统阐述,以期为科研研究者和临床工作者提供借鉴及信息参考。
In the greying society, pension burden and high incidence of geriatric diseases have hindered social and economic development to a certain extent. Aging is a biological process involving multiple organs and factors, which leads to the occurrence of a variety of diseases. The occurrence of aging is related to a variety of signal pathways, such as nutrient sensing signal pathway and intracellular stress signal pathway, which attracts the interest of scholars in anti-aging drugs and poses a challenge to the development of such drugs. The anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of Chinese medicinal polysaccharides have been gradually confirmed, and they also have significant advantages in anti-aging. Thus, they are potential candidates for the development of anti-aging drugs. It has been verified that Chinese medicinal polysaccharides exert the anti-aging effect through a variety of mechanisms. To be specific, through dietary restriction, they promote the expression of longevity genes silencing information regulator 1 (Sirt1) and forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factor, enhance the sensitivity to insulin, activate Sirt1 deacetylase or inhibit insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway, thereby exerting the anti-aging effect. In addition, they can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, enhance anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity, and regulate the immunity to inhibit inflammation and aging. Moreover, they can also inhibit apoptosis and delay aging through p53-mediated pathway. Despite the extensive research on anti-aging effect of Chinese medicinal polysaccharides, and the diverse effects and ideal efficacy of the polysaccharides, the anti-aging mechanism has not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, this paper summarizes the relevant literature in PubMed and CNKI and systematically expounds the aging-related signal pathways regulated by Chinese medicinal polysaccharides, which is expected to provide a reference for researchers and clinical workers.
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