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1.北京中医药大学 中医学院,北京 100029
2.北京中医药大学 东直门医院,北京 100700
Received:30 September 2021,
Published Online:09 February 2022,
Published:20 April 2022
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张迪,张冬梅,陆瑞敏等.基于“肺主行水”理论探究小青龙汤调节肺水转运蛋白的作用机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(08):1-11.
ZHANG Di,ZHANG Dong-mei,LU Rui-min,et al.Mechanism of Xiao Qinglongtang Regulating Lung Water Transport-related Proteins Based on Theory of Lung Controlling Water Movement[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(08):1-11.
张迪,张冬梅,陆瑞敏等.基于“肺主行水”理论探究小青龙汤调节肺水转运蛋白的作用机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(08):1-11. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220736.
ZHANG Di,ZHANG Dong-mei,LU Rui-min,et al.Mechanism of Xiao Qinglongtang Regulating Lung Water Transport-related Proteins Based on Theory of Lung Controlling Water Movement[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(08):1-11. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220736.
目的
2
观察小青龙汤及其方元对于肺水转运蛋白的调节作用,初步阐释“肺主行水”的生物学内涵,并从该角度探索其作用机制。
方法
2
根据经方的组方规律,将小青龙汤(11.22 g·kg
-1
)拆分为桂枝甘草(2.70 g·kg
-1
)、芍药甘草(2.70 g·kg
-1
)、姜辛味(3.90 g·kg
-1
)、半夏麻黄(3.27 g·kg
-1
) 4个方元。通过“形寒+饮冷+冷水浴”法建立寒饮蕴肺证大鼠病理模型,给予小青龙汤及其方元进行干预。肺功能分析系统测定大鼠用力肺活量(FVC)、功能残气量(FRC)、平均呼气中期流量(MMEF)、吸气时间(tI)和呼气时间(tE)等参数;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠肺组织病理形态学改变;免疫组化法(IHC)检测大鼠肺组织中水通道蛋白(AQP)1、AQP5、上皮细胞钠通道
α
亚单位(
α
-ENaC)和钠钾泵(Na
+
-K
+
-ATPase)表达;酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子-
α
(TNF-
α
)含量;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测肺组织中环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、蛋白激酶A(PKA)和cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)mRNA分子表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测肺组织中cAMP、PKA、CREB和磷酸化(p)-CREB蛋白表达。
结果
2
与正常组比较,模型组大鼠FVC、FRC和MMEF功能显著下降(
P
<
0.01),tI与tE时间明显延长(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01);肺组织中TNF-
α
含量显著升高(
P
<
0.01);肺组织中cAMP、PKA、CREB mRNA及蛋白表达显著降低(
P
<
0.01);肺组织中AQP5及
α
-ENaC表达明显减少;大鼠肺泡腔内充满水肿液,周围组织充血,炎性细胞浸润,支气管黏膜上皮黏连。与模型组比较,小青龙汤及其方元组可以明显增强模型大鼠FVC、FRC与MMEF功能(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),部分方元组可缩短tI与tE时间(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01);小青龙汤组、桂枝甘草组及半夏麻黄组肺组织TNF-
α
的含量显著下调(
P
<
0.01);小青龙汤组cAMP、PKA和CREB的mRNA的表达显著上调(
P
<
0.01),桂枝甘草组、姜辛味组及半夏麻黄组显著上调cAMP和PKA的mRNA表达(
P
<
0.01);小青龙汤组、桂枝甘草组、姜辛味组及半夏麻黄组显著上调cAMP、PKA和CREB的蛋白表达(
P
<
0.01),芍药甘草组明显上调CREB蛋白的表达(
P
<
0.05);小青龙汤可以上调AQP5和
α
-ENaC的阳性表达,桂枝甘草组可以上调
α
-ENaC的阳性表达;小青龙汤及其方元各组可以减少模型大鼠肺组织水肿,炎性细胞浸润明显减少,支气管黏膜黏连程度减轻。
结论
2
小青龙汤及其方元可以通过提高肺水转运相关蛋白AQP1、AQP5和
α
-ENaC的表达,减轻寒饮蕴肺证大鼠病理模型中肺水肿,抑制肺部炎症状态,改善大鼠肺功能,从而恢复肺脏的生理功能,cAMP/PKA信号通路可能参与了该过程,Na
+
-K
+
-ATPase在肺水转运调节中可能发挥了辅助作用,从肺水转运相关蛋白角度初步阐释“肺主行水”的内涵具有一定的客观依据。
Objective
2
To observe the regulatory effect of Xiao Qinglongtang and its ingredients on lung water transport-related proteins, and to explain the biological connotation of lung governing water movement, based on which the regulatory mechanism of Xiao Qinglongtang will be explored.
Method
2
According to the composition rules of classical formula, Xiao Qinglongtang (11.22 g·kg
-1
), Guizhi Gancao (2.70 g·kg
-1
), Shaoyao Gancao (2.70 g·kg
-1
), Jiangxinwei (3.90 g·kg
-1
)and Banxia Muahuang (0.032 7 g·kg
-1
) were prepared. The pathological model of syndrome of cold fluid accumulated in lung of rats was established by the "coldness of body + drinking cold + cold bath" method, and Xiao Qinglongtang and its ingredients were administrated to intervene with the model rats. Lung function parameters of forced vital capacity (FVC), functional residual capacity (FRC), mean mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), inspiratory time (tI), and inspiratory time (tE) were determined by lung function analyzer. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the changes in pathological morphology. The expression of aquaporin (AQP)1, AQP5, epithelial sodium channel
α
subunit(
α
-ENaC) and Na
+
-K
+
-ATPase in lung tissues of rats, the content of tumor necrosis factor -
α
(TNF-
α
), the mRNA expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and the protein expression of cAMP, PKA, CREB, and phosphorylated-CREB (p-CREB) were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR), and Western blot, respectively.
Result
2
Compared with normal group, functions of FVC, FRC and MMEF in model group were significantly decreased (
P
<
0.01), and the time of tI and tE was significantly prolonged (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). The content of TNF-
α
in lung tissue was significantly increased (
P
<
0.01). The mRNA and protein expressions of cAMP, PKA and CREB in lung tissue were significantly decreased (
P
<
0.01). The expression of AQP5 and
α
-ENAC in lung tissue decreased significantly. The alveolar cavity of rats was filled with edema fluid, surrounding tissue hyperemia, inflammatory cell infiltration
bronchial mucosa epithelial adhesion. Compared with model group, Xiao Qinglongtang and its fangyuan group could significantly enhance the FVC
FRC and MMEF functions of model rats (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), and tI and tE time were shortened (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). The content of TNF-
α
in lung tissues of Xiao Qinglongtang group, Guizhi Gancao group and Banxia Mahuang group was significantly decreased (
P
<
0.01). The mRNA expressions of cAMP, PKA and CREB in Xiao Qinglongtang group were significantly up-regulated (
P
<
0.01), and the mRNA expressions of cAMP and PKA in Guizhi Gancao, Jiangxinwei and Banxia Mahuang groups were significantly up-regulated (
P
<
0.01). The protein expressions of cAMP, PKA and CREB in Xiao Qinglongtang group, Guizhi Gancao group, Jiangxinwei group and Banxia Mahuang group were significantly up-regulated (
P
<
0.01), and the protein expression of CREB in Shaoyao Gancao group was significantly up-regulated(
P
<
0.05). Xiao Qinglongtang could up-regulate the positive expression of AQP5 and
α
-ENAC, and Guizhi Gancao group could up-regulate the positive expression of
α
-ENAC. Xiao Qinglongtang and its fangyuan can reduce the lung edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and bronchial mucosal adhesion of model rats.
Conclusion
2
Xiao Qinglongtang and its ingredients can reduce lung edema and inhibit inflammation by improving the expression of lung water transport-related proteins AQP1, AQP5, and
α
-ENaC through cAMP/PKA pathway, thereby restoring the lung functions in rats with syndrome of cold fluid accumulated in lung. Na
+
-K
+
-ATPase may play an auxiliary role in the regulation of lung water transport. This provides a certain objective basis for preliminarily elucidating the connotation of lung governing water movement from the perspective of lung water transport-related proteins.
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