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1.成都中医药大学 附属医院,成都 610075
2.代谢性疾病中医药调控四川省重点实验室,成都 610075
3.陆军军医大学 第一附属医院,重庆 400038
Received:20 December 2021,
Published Online:30 January 2022,
Published:05 April 2022
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陈正涛,高泓,张愿等.足细胞自噬与糖尿病肾病的关系及中医药调控研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(07):227-238.
CHEN Zheng-tao,GAO Hong,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Relationship Between Podocyte Autophagy and Diabetic Nephropathy and Regulation of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(07):227-238.
陈正涛,高泓,张愿等.足细胞自噬与糖尿病肾病的关系及中医药调控研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(07):227-238. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220791.
CHEN Zheng-tao,GAO Hong,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Relationship Between Podocyte Autophagy and Diabetic Nephropathy and Regulation of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(07):227-238. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220791.
糖尿病肾病(DN)是糖尿病(DM)严重的微血管并发症之一,是世界范围内终末期肾脏病(ESRD)的主要病因。通过降糖、降压、阻断肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)等方法虽可一定程度的降低血糖、血压和尿蛋白,但有时仍难以阻止DN的进展。中医药对DN的疗效肯定,但其作用机制尚未完全阐明。自噬(autophagy)是哺乳动物中一种高度保守的溶酶体降解途径,能够清除蛋白质聚集物和受损不必要的细胞器以维持细胞稳态。足细胞,也称为肾小球上皮细胞,是维持肾小球滤过屏障(GFB)稳态的重要组分,足细胞损伤被认为是DN发生和发展的中心环节。作为一种高度分化的细胞,足细胞在生理状态下保持着较高的自噬水平以维持其细胞稳态。在DN状态下,哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)和沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)等营养信号通路及氧化应激、内质网应激、缺氧应激等细胞内应激反应信号通路等影响足细胞自噬,最终导致了足细胞的损伤及DN的进展。近年来,调控足细胞自噬已成为DN研究的热点之一,在中医药领域也受到了广泛的关注,通过回顾和总结该领域的国内外文献后发现,中医药能够多通路、多靶点影响足细胞自噬,但研究主要集中在mTOR和AMPK两个营养感应信号通路,缺乏更全面而深入的机制研究。此外,目前的研究主要集中在中药单体和中药复方领域,缺少中药组分药和单味药物的研究,研究尚缺乏层次性。中医药对DN状态下足细胞自噬的调控机制仍需深入而系统的研究。
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM),and is the main cause of end-stage renal disease(ESRD) worldwide. Although lowering blood glucose and,lowering blood pressure and blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS) can reduce blood glucose,blood pressure and urinary protein to a certain extent,it is still difficult to prevent the progression of DN sometimes. The curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine on DN has been confirmed,but its mechanism is has not been fully clarified. Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradation pathway in mammals that removes protein aggregates and damaged organelles to maintain cell homeostasis. Podocyte,also known as glomerular epithelial cells,is an important component in maintaining the homeostasis of glomerular filtration barrier,and podocyte injury is considered to be a central link in the occurrence and development of DN. As a highly differentiated cell,podocyte maintains a high level of autophagy to maintain its homeostasis under physiological conditions. In DN state,mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR),AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK),silent information regulator 1(SIRT1) and other nutritional signaling pathways as well as intracellular stress response signaling pathways such as oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress ,and hypoxia stress,etc.,affect podocyte autophagy of podocytes, and ultimately leading to podocyte injury and the progression of DN. In recent years,regulation of podocyte autophagy has become one of the hot spots in DN research,and has also received extensive attention in the field of Chinese medicine. A review and summary of the domestic and international literature in this field reveals that Chinese medicine can affect podocyte autophagy in multiple pathways and targets. Nevertheless, those studiesbut mainly focuses on two nutrient-sensing signaling pathways,mTOR and AMPK,and there lacks more comprehensive and in-depth mechanism studies. In addition,the current research mainly concentrates focuses on the field of Chinese medicine monomers and Chinese medicine compounds,and rarely studies multi-component Chinese medicinelacking research on Chinese medicine component drugs and single drugs,and the research still lacks there is a lack of hierarchy. The regulatory mechanism of Chinese medicine on podocyte autophagy of podocytes in DN state in Chinese medicine still needs to be further studied in depth and systematically.
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