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1.湖南中医药大学,长沙 410208
2.湖南省中医药研究院 中药资源研究所,长沙 430013
3.中国中医科学院 中药资源中心,北京 100700
Published:20 June 2023,
Published Online:29 August 2022,
Received:06 May 2022,
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张万祥,张水寒,刘浩等.经典名方中五加皮的本草考证[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2023,29(12):26-37.
ZHANG Wanxiang,ZHANG Shuihan,LIU Hao,et al.Herbal Textual Research on Acanthopanacis Cortex in Famous Classical Formulas[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(12):26-37.
张万祥,张水寒,刘浩等.经典名方中五加皮的本草考证[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2023,29(12):26-37. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220852.
ZHANG Wanxiang,ZHANG Shuihan,LIU Hao,et al.Herbal Textual Research on Acanthopanacis Cortex in Famous Classical Formulas[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(12):26-37. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220852.
通过对五加皮古今文献的考证和分析,梳理五加皮药材的品种、产地、采收、炮制及古代品质评价方法,厘清其常见混伪品香加皮混入历史脉络,为含五加皮的经典名方开发提供依据。五加皮以“五加”之名始载于《神农本草经》,自《雷公炮炙论》以“五加皮”为正名,历代皆沿用;根据本草中五加花序着生位置与果实形态描述,判断历代所用五加皮主流基原为五加科植物细柱五加
Acanthopanax gracilistylus
;民国时期,因杠柳
Periploca sepium
的根皮(香加皮)符合“类地骨皮,轻脆芳香”而混做五加皮;五加皮历代著录的产地集中在长江中下游地区,主产于湖北、河南、安徽等地;逐步形成了五加皮以皮厚、色白、气香为佳的传统品质评价;传统五加皮采收加工为五月、七月采茎,十月采根,阴干。现代五加皮为夏、秋二季采挖根部,洗净,剥取根皮,晒干;历代炮制有酒制、吴茱萸煮、姜汁制等方法,现代多为净制后切厚片生品入药。根据考证结果,建议经典名方中五加皮基原选用细柱五加的根皮,根据具体处方要求炮制入药。此外,建议恢复香加皮“羊桃”的药材名称,降低其混做五加皮药用的影响。
Through the textual research and analysis of ancient and modern documents of Acanthopanacis Cortex(AC), this paper combed the variety, origin, harvesting, processing and ancient quality evaluation methods of AC, and clarified the historical context of the mixing of its common counterfeit product(Periplocae Cortex), in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing AC. AC was first published in
Shennong Bencaojing
with the name of Wujia, Wujiapi is the name rectification in all dynasties since
Leigong Paozhilun
. According to the description of inflorescence location and fruit morphology of Wujia in the materia medica, it is judged that the mainstream origin of AC used in previous dynasties was
Acanthopanax gracilistylus
. Periplocae Cortex was mixed with AC in the period of the Republic of China because it was in line with the "like Lycii Cortex, light, brittle and fragrant". The origin of Wujiapi recorded in past dynasties was concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, mainly in Hubei, Henan, Anhui and other places. Since modern times, the traditional quality evaluation of AC has been gradually summarized, with thick skin, white color and fragrant smell as the best. The traditional harvesting and processing of AC involved picking the stems in May and July of the lunar calendar, picking the roots in October, and drying in the shade. In modern times, the roots of AC are harvested, washed, peeled and dried in summer and autumn. In the past dynasties, there were rice wine processing, Euodiae Fructus boiling, ginger juice processing and other methods. In modern times, it is usually cut into thick slices after the cleansing. According to the research results, it is suggested that the root bark of
A. gracilistylus
should be selected as the origin of AC in famous classical formulas, which should be processed into the medicine according to the specific prescription requirements. In addition, it is suggested to restore the medicinal name of Periplocae Cortex as Yangtao, in order to reduce its chaotic influence on the medicinal use of AC.
经典名方五加皮基原植物香加皮羊桃产地变迁品质评价
famous classical formulasAcanthopanacis Cortexorigin plantsPeriplocae CortexYangtaochanges of producing areaquality evaluation
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