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1.甘肃中医药大学,兰州 730000
2.西北中藏药省部共建协同创新中心,兰州 730000
3.甘肃省珍稀中药资源评价与保护利用工程研究中心,兰州 730000
4.定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃 定西 743000
Received:21 March 2022,
Published Online:02 June 2022,
Published:05 August 2022
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张明惠,朱田田,晋玲等.基于cp DNA的当归野生与栽培种质鉴定与遗传变异分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(15):129-138.
ZHANG Minghui,ZHU Tiantian,JIN Ling,et al.Identification and Genetic Variation Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Germplasm of Angelica sinensis Based on cp DNA[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(15):129-138.
张明惠,朱田田,晋玲等.基于cp DNA的当归野生与栽培种质鉴定与遗传变异分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(15):129-138. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220915.
ZHANG Minghui,ZHU Tiantian,JIN Ling,et al.Identification and Genetic Variation Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Germplasm of Angelica sinensis Based on cp DNA[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(15):129-138. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220915.
目的
2
基于叶绿体基因(cp DNA)对甘肃省11个当归栽培品种(系)及7个野生当归居群进行了遗传变异分析,为当归的种质鉴定和新品种的选育提供参考。
方法
2
利用3对cp DNA 引物对当归样品进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增并测序,利用MegaX软件对序列特征进行统计,并计算当归居群间平均遗传距离,利用NTSYS 2.10e软件构建遗传距离非加权组平均法(UPGMA)聚类图。利用DanSP v6软件计算当归序列多态性及Tajima中性检验;利用PERMUT软件计算当归居群结构;利用Arlequin v3.5软件进行分子变异分析;最后利用PopART 1.7软件构建TCS单倍型网络图。
结果
2
3对cp DNA 引物扩增、测序、比对、合并后的序列长度为1 759 bp,野生当归检测到1个变异位点,栽培当归检测到480个变异位点,其中单一突变位点97个,简约信息位点383个,插入-缺失位点152个。在野生组和栽培组当归cp DNA 的
matK
、
psbA-trnH
和
rbcL
3个区域中,多态性最高的区域均为
matK
。全部当归联合序列的Tajima中性检验均为不显著负值,但在栽培当归中
psbA-trnH
和
rbcL
基因中呈显著负值,说明当归整体上遵循中性进化,而
psbA-trnH
和
rbcL
基因经历过选择。野生居群间的遗传分化程度(Fst=0)低于栽培当归居群间的分化程度(Fst=0.114 19,
P
<
0.05),且二者之间遗传分化程度较高(Fst=0.942 55,
P
<
0.01)。栽培当归居群中变异主要来源于居群内部(89%)。遗传距离UPGMA聚类树显示野生当归和栽培当归各自聚为一支,亲缘关系较远,栽培当归中居群3距离其他栽培当归居群较远。TCS单倍型网络图由15个单倍型和4个未知单倍型构成,分为3部分,各部分间变异次数较多,共享单倍型仅分布于野生或栽培组之内,组间不存在共享单倍型。
结论
2
当归在物种水平上遗传多样性偏低,野生当归居群多样性低于栽培当归,野生与栽培当归组间的遗传分化程度高,而野生当归居群内和栽培当归居群内的分化程度均较低,栽培当归中遗传变异主要存在于居群内。
Objective
2
To conduct genetic variation analysis of 11 cultivars and 7 wild populations of
Angelica sinensis
in Gansu province based on the chloroplast gene (cp DNA), and provide references for germplasm identification and breeding of new cultivars of
A. sinensis
.
Method
2
Three pairs of cp DNA primers were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of
A. sinensis
samples. MegaX was used to perform statistics on sequence characteristics and calculate mean genetic distances among
A. sinensis
populations. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering tree based on genetic distance was constructed by NTSYS 2.10e. DanSP v6 was used to calculate sequence polymorphism and Tajima's D of
A. sinensis
. PERMUT was used to calculate the population structure of
A. sinensis
. Arlequin v3.5 was used to perform molecular variation analysis, and PopART1.7 was used to construct TCS haplotype network.
Result
2
Three pairs of cp DNA primers were amplified, sequenced, compared, and combined to give a sequence length of 1 759 bp. One variable site was detected in the wild
A. sinensis
and 480 variable sites were detected in the cultivated
A. sinensis
, including 97 singleton variable sites, 383 parsimony informative sites, and 152 insertion-deletion sites. In the three regions of
matK
,
psbA-trnH
, and
rbcL
of cp DNA in the wild and cultivated
A. sinensis
,
matK
was the region with the highest polymorphism. Tajima’s D of all the combined sequences of
A. sinensis
were not significantly negative, but
psbA-trnH
and
rbcL
genes of the cultivated
A. sinensis
were significantly negative, indicating that the
A. sinensis
followed neutral evolution on a whole, while
psbA-trnH
and
rbcL
genes had undergone selection. The degree of genetic differentiation (Fst=0) among wild populations was lower than that among cultivated populations (Fst=0.114 19,
P
<
0.05). The degree of genetic differentiation between wild and cultivated
A. sinensis
was relatively high (Fst=0.942 55,
P
<
0.01). Genetic variation in the cultivated
A. sinensis
was mainly found within the populations (89%). UPGMA cluster tree based on genetic distance showed that the wild
A. sinensis
and the cultivated
A. sinensis
were clustered into one branch, respectively, with a distant genetic relationship, and the population 3 in the cultivated
A. sinensis
was far from other cultivated populations. The TCS haplotype network consisted of 15 haplotypes and 4 unknown haplotypes, which was divided into 3 parts, with a large number of variations among each part. Shared haplotypes were only found in the wild or cultivated groups, and there were no shared haplotypes between groups.
Conclusion
2
The genetic diversity of
A. sinensis
was low at species level, and the population diversity of the wild was lower than that of the cultivated. The degree of genetic differentiation between the wild and the cultivated
A. sinensis
was high, but that in the wild and the cultivated populations were low. Genetic variation in the cultivated
A. sinensis
was mainly found within populations.
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