LUO Yaqin,YU Xinyang,ZHANG Yueming,et al.Mechanism of Qihuang Yiqi Shexue Prescription in Treatment of ITP Model Mice Based on Autophagy Mediated by AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Signaling Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(17):43-51.
LUO Yaqin,YU Xinyang,ZHANG Yueming,et al.Mechanism of Qihuang Yiqi Shexue Prescription in Treatment of ITP Model Mice Based on Autophagy Mediated by AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Signaling Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(17):43-51. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20221636.
Mechanism of Qihuang Yiqi Shexue Prescription in Treatment of ITP Model Mice Based on Autophagy Mediated by AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Signaling Pathway
To explore the mechanism of Qihuang Yiqi Shexue prescription (QHYQSX) in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) model mice based on the autophagy mediated by the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling pathway.
Method
2
Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, high- and low-dose QHYQSX groups, and prednisone group, with 10 mice in each group. The ITP model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of anti-platelet serum (APS) of guinea pig. On the 8th day of the APS injection, drugs were administered by gavage for 14 days. Peripheral blood platelet (PLT) count and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were detected. Spleen and thymus were separated, weighed, and the organ index was calculated. Sternum was sampled for bone marrow smear, and bone marrow megakaryocytes were classified under a microscope. Thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-
α
(TNF-
α
), transforming growth factor-
β
1
(TGF-
β
1
), and interferon-
γ
(IFN-
γ
) in the serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). AMPK, mTOR, ULK1, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, and p62 mRNA expression levels in the spleen were detected by Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). The protein expression of AMPK, p-AMPK, p-mTOR, p-ULK1, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ, Beclin1, and p62 in the spleen was detected by Western blot.
Result
2
Compared with the normal group, the model group showed reduced peripheral blood PLT count, Hb, and TPO levels (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), increased spleen and thymus indexes (
P
<
0.01), decreased number of bone marrow megakaryocytes (
P
<
0.01), elevated serum levels of IL-6, TNF-
α
, and IFN-
γ
(
P
<
0.01), and reduced IL-10 and TGF-
β
1
levels (
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, the groups with drug intervention showed increased PLT counts and TPO levels (
P
<
0.01), decreased spleen and thymus indexes (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), elevated number of bone marrow megakaryocytes (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), reduced serum levels of IL-6, TNF-
α
, and IFN-
γ
(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), and up-regulated IL-10 and TGF-
β
1
levels (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the low-dose QHYQSX group, the high-dose QHYQSX group and the prednisone group showed different degrees of significant differences in improving PLT counts and levels of cellular inflammatory factors (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that compared with the normal group, the model group showed up-regulated mRNA expression of AMPK, LC3, and Beclin1 and protein expression of p-AMPK/AMPK, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ, and Beclin1 in the spleen (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), and down-regulated mRNA expression of mTOR, ULK1, and p62 and protein expression of p-mTOR, p-ULK1, and p62 (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the results in the model group, high- and low-dose QHYQSX and prednisone could down-regulate the mRNA expression of AMPK, LC3, and Beclin1 and protein expression of p-AMPK/AMPK, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ, and Beclin1 in the spleen (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), and up-regulate the mRNA expression of mTOR, ULK1, and p62 and protein expression of p-mTOR, p-ULK1, and p62 (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01).
Conclusion
2
QHYQSX may inhibit excessive autophagy by regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway, thereby regulating immune intolerance and playing a role in the treatment of ITP.
关键词
Keywords
references
SNYDER C F , MATHIAS S D , CELLA D , et al . Health-related quality of life of immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients:Results from a web-based survey [J]. Curr Med Res Opin , 2008 , 24 ( 10 ): 2767 - 2776 .
MCMILLAN R , BUSSEL J B , GEORGE J N , et al . Self-reported health-related quality of life in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura [J]. Am J Hematol , 2010 , 83 ( 2 ): 150 - 154 .
WALSH C M , EDINGER A L . The complex interplay between autophagy,apoptosis,and necrotic signals promotes T-cell homeostasis [J]. Immunol Rev , 2010 , 236 ( 1 ): 95 - 109 .
SHAN N N , DONG L L , ZHANG X M , et al . Targeting autophagy as a potential therapeutic approach for immune thrombocytopenia therapy [J]. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol , 2016 , 100 : 11 - 15 .
YANG H P , LI L , ZHOU K C , et al . Shengmai injection attenuates the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced autophagy via modulation of the AMPK,mTOR and JNK pathways [J]. Pharm Biol , 2016 , 54 ( 10 ): 2288 - 2297 .
XUE T F , DING X , JI J , et al . PD149163 induces hypothermia to protect against brain injury in acute cerebral ischemic rats [J]. J Pharmacol Sci , 2017 , 135 ( 3 ): 105 - 113 .
WATAYA-KANEDA M . Mammalian target of rapamycin and tuberous sclerosis complex [J]. J Dermatol Sci , 2015 , 79 ( 2 ): 93 - 100 .
GWINN D M , SHACKELFORD D B , EGAN D F , et al . AMPK phosphorylation of raptor mediates a metabolic checkpoint [J]. Mol Cell , 2008 , 30 ( 2 ): 214 - 226 .
CHUN Y , KIM J . AMPK-mTOR signaling and cellular adaptations in hypoxia [J]. Int J Mol Sci , 2021 , 22 ( 18 ): 9765 - 9787 .
KIM J , KUNDU M , VIOLLET B , et al . AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1 [J]. Nat Cell Biol , 2011 , 13 ( 2 ): 132 - 141 .
TIAN W L , LI W , CHEN Y Q , et al . Phosphorylation of ULK1 by AMPK regulates translocation of ULK1 to mitochondria and mitophagy [J]. FEBS Lett , 2015 , 589 ( 15 ): 1847 - 1854 .
Improved Learning and Memory in Sleep-deprived Mice by Anmeidan via Cellular Autophagy Regulation Through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Effect of Yishen Huayu Prescription on Autophagy of Transdifferentiated TCMK-1 Cells Based on SIRT1/FoxO1 Pathway
Ginsenoside Rg2 Protects Heart After Acute Myocardial Infarction by Regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Effect of Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment on Lewis Lung Cancer Mice by Increasing Autophagic Flux and Stabilizing PD-L1 Expression Through Regulation of ERK Signaling Pathway
Related Author
Yaqin LUO
Xinyang YU
Yueming ZHANG
LIU Huizhen
ZHANG Yini
CHEN Yumeng
XIAO Chunfeng
ZHANG Xuesong
Related Institution
The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine