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北京中医药大学 中药学院,北京 102488
Published:20 November 2023,
Published Online:28 November 2022,
Received:18 August 2022,
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王开心,蔡梦如,尹东阁等.重楼皂苷Ⅰ的现代研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2023,29(22):254-264.
WANG Kaixin,CAI Mengru,YIN Dongge,et al.Modern Research Progress of Polyphyllin Ⅰ: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(22):254-264.
王开心,蔡梦如,尹东阁等.重楼皂苷Ⅰ的现代研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2023,29(22):254-264. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230226.
WANG Kaixin,CAI Mengru,YIN Dongge,et al.Modern Research Progress of Polyphyllin Ⅰ: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(22):254-264. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230226.
重楼是我国一种传统的名贵中草药,具有清热解毒、消肿止痛、凉肝定惊的作用,可被用来治疗各种疾病如腮腺炎、脓肿、烧伤、出血和肿瘤等,在民间医学中应用已久,是“宫血宁胶囊”“云南白药”等多种中成药的主要原料。重楼皂苷Ⅰ是重楼中的主要活性成分之一,属于异螺甾烷醇型甾体皂苷,在重楼的根茎、果皮及叶片中都有分布。重楼皂苷Ⅰ的极性较大,主要通过正丁醇萃取、大孔吸附树脂柱色谱等方法来提取,通过硅胶柱色谱、制备高效液相色谱等方法来分离,通常采用多种方法联合应用以获得纯度较高的重楼皂苷Ⅰ单体成分。重楼皂苷Ⅰ的药理作用广泛,主要包括抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒等,临床用于治疗肝癌、肺癌、胃癌等癌症及关节炎、流感病毒、疮毒、细菌感染等疾病。但是有研究发现重楼皂苷Ⅰ在使用的过程中可能会引起胃刺激、溶血反应、肝损伤、肾损伤及心脏损伤等不良反应,药代动力学研究表明重楼皂苷Ⅰ存在生物利用度低、肠道吸收差及渗透性差等问题,影响了重楼皂苷Ⅰ的临床应用。该文总结了近几年来关于重楼皂苷Ⅰ植物来源、提取分离方法、药理作用、不良反应及药代动力学等五大方面的研究报道,以期为重楼皂苷Ⅰ的临床合理应用和其他深入研究工作提供参考。
Paridis Rhizoma, a traditional valuable Chinese herbal medicine, has the functions of clearing heat and removing toxin, relieving edema and pain, cooling liver and calming convulsion, which can be used to treat various diseases such as mumps, abscess, burn, bleeding, and tumor. It has been used in folk medicine for a long time and is the main raw material of various Chinese patent medicines such as Gongxuening Capsules and Yunnan Baiyao. Polyphyllin Ⅰ, an isospirostanol saponin and one of the main active components in Paridis Rhizoma, is distributed in the rhizome, pericarp, and leaves of
Paris polyphylla
. With high polarity, polyphyllin Ⅰ is mainly extracted by n-butanol extraction and macroporous adsorption resin chromatography, separated by silica gel column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography, and purified with the combination of methods. With anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-virus effects, it is generally employed to treat liver cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer and other cancers as well as arthritis, influenza, sore toxin, and bacterial infection. However, polyphyllin Ⅰ may cause stomach irritation, hemolysis, liver damage, kidney damage, heart damage, and other adverse reactions. Pharmacokinetic studies show that it has problems such as low bioavailability and poor intestinal absorption and permeability, which affect the clinical application of polyphyllin Ⅰ. This paper summarizes the research on the plant sources, extraction and separation methods, pharmacological effects, adverse reactions, and pharmacokinetics of polyphyllin Ⅰ in recent years, which is expected to provide a reference for the rational clinical application and other in-depth research work of polyphyllin Ⅰ.
重楼皂苷Ⅰ提取分离方法药理作用不良反应药代动力学
polyphyllin Ⅰextraction and separation methodspharmacologyadverse reactionpharmacokinetics
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