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新疆医科大学 中医学院,乌鲁木齐 830017
Published:05 July 2023,
Published Online:31 March 2023,
Received:04 January 2023,
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陈少影,李晶晶,兰卫.常用中药有效成分降脂作用研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2023,29(13):241-253.
CHEN Shaoying,LI Jingjing,LAN Wei.Lipid-lowering Effect of Active Components in Common Chinese Medicine: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(13):241-253.
陈少影,李晶晶,兰卫.常用中药有效成分降脂作用研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2023,29(13):241-253. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230516.
CHEN Shaoying,LI Jingjing,LAN Wei.Lipid-lowering Effect of Active Components in Common Chinese Medicine: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(13):241-253. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230516.
血脂异常是一类较常见的人体内脂蛋白的代谢异常引起的代谢性疾病。其发病原因分为原发性血脂异常和继发性血脂异常,前者由于遗传基因缺陷所导致,后者是由于疾病、药物、不健康的饮食及生活方式等所引起。临床表现为黄色瘤及动脉硬化等冠心病和周围血管病等症状。血脂异常可引起多种疾病,如心血管疾病、糖尿病,癌症等,严重威胁人民生活质量及生命安全,因此对治疗血脂异常药物的研究较为迫切。化学类降血脂药物如洛伐他汀等,虽然效果明显,但伴有一定的不良反应,并存在停药后反弹的问题;与化学类药物相比,中医药具有多途径、多靶点、多层次调节血脂异常,且不良反应小的优点。现代医学研究表明,中药能够通过调控过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)信号通路、腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)信号通路、脂肪细胞因子(Adipocytokine)信号通路、法尼酯衍生物X受体(FXR)/小异二聚体伴侣(SHP)信号通路、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路等信号通路,影响脂质的合成、分解及吸收,改善肝脏脂质和胆汁酸代谢等,从而发挥降脂的作用。故对以中药有效成分降血脂作用机制为切入点进行归纳总结,以期为中药在临床上更好地防治脂质代谢性疾病提供新思路和理论依据。
Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic disease caused by abnormal lipoprotein metabolism in human body. According to pathogenesis, it is divided into primary dyslipidemia and secondary dyslipidemia. The former is caused by genetic defects, and the latter is caused by diseases, drugs, unhealthy diets, and lifestyle. The clinical manifestations are xanthoma, arteriosclerosis, and other symptoms of coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Dyslipidemia can cause a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, seriously threatening people's quality of life and life safety, so the research on drugs against dyslipidemia is more urgent. In spite of manifest efficacy, chemical antilipemic agents such as lovastatin are accompanied by some adverse reactions, and there is recurrence after drug withdrawal. Compared with chemical drugs, Chinese medicine has the advantages of multi-pathway, multi-target, multi-level regulation of dyslipidemia, with few side effects. Modern medical research has shown that Chinese medicine can affect lipid synthesis, decomposition, and absorption and improve liver lipid and bile acid metabolism by regulating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/small heterodimer partner (SHP) signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, etc., thereby exerting a role in lowering lipid. Therefore, this paper summarized the mechanism of effective components in Chinese medicine in lowering blood lipid to provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of lipid metabolic diseases by Chinese medicine in clinical practice.
中药有效成分降脂,作用机制研究进展
effective components in Chinese medicinelowering lipidmechanism of actionresearch progress
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