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1.江西中医药大学,南昌 330004
2.南昌市新建区中医院,南昌 330100
Published:20 July 2023,
Published Online:07 April 2023,
Received:01 February 2023,
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喻松仁,刘彩玲,周丽等.温胆汤通过调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路介导的脂肪细胞自噬对肥胖痰湿证炎症状态的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2023,29(14):1-10.
YU Songren,LIU Cailing,ZHOU Li,et al.Wendantang Treats Inflammation in Obesity (Syndrome of Phlegm-dampness) by Regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway-mediated Adipocyte Autophagy[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(14):1-10.
喻松仁,刘彩玲,周丽等.温胆汤通过调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路介导的脂肪细胞自噬对肥胖痰湿证炎症状态的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2023,29(14):1-10. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230540.
YU Songren,LIU Cailing,ZHOU Li,et al.Wendantang Treats Inflammation in Obesity (Syndrome of Phlegm-dampness) by Regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway-mediated Adipocyte Autophagy[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(14):1-10. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230540.
目的
2
观察温胆汤对肥胖痰湿证大鼠脂肪细胞炎症因子、自噬活性标志物及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)信号通路关键分子蛋白表达的影响,探讨肥胖痰湿证炎症状态形成的物质基础及温胆汤的干预机制。
方法
2
将126只SD大鼠随机分成2组,即空白组16只和造模组110只,空白组喂养基础饲料,造模组喂养高脂饲料建立肥胖痰湿证动物模型,共8周。造模成功后,视体质量情况,按顺序淘汰体质量过轻者,遴选出48只肥胖大鼠,随机分为模型组、奥利司他组(32.40 mg·kg
-1
)、雷帕霉素组(2 mg·kg
-1
)、温胆汤低、中、高剂量组(4.45、8.90、17.80 g·kg
-1
),每组8只;另在空白组大鼠中随机选取8只设为正常组,各用药组按剂量(以生药量计算)给予灌胃,模型和正常组给予等体积蒸馏水灌胃,每天1次,共6周。检测或计算大鼠体质量、Lee's指数、脂体比和肥胖率,采用免疫组化二步法检测脂肪细胞自噬活性标志物动物自噬启动蛋白1(ULK1)、自噬效应蛋白1(Beclin1)、人自噬相关蛋白5(Atg5)、p62、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)Ⅰ/Ⅱ表达水平;采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测脂肪细胞炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-
α
、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1
β
、单核细胞趋化因子-1(MCP-1)、IL-4、IL-10、IL-13和转化生长因子(TGF)-
β
的表达;采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测脂肪细胞PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路关键分子classⅠ-PI3K、磷脂酰肌醇三磷酸(PIP3)、Akt、mTORC1、ULK1、结节性硬化症(TSC)1、TSC2的表达。
结果
2
与空白组比较,造模组体质量和Lee's指数显著升高(
P
<
0.01),肥胖率
>
20%,有形体肥胖、活动度下降,食欲下降,皮毛无光泽、蓬松,便溏,对外界反应能力下降,饮水量减少等痰湿证表现,与正常组比较,模型组体质量、Lee's指数、脂体比、脂肪细胞自噬活性标志物蛋白表达、促炎和抗炎细胞因子水平均明显升高(
P<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),脂肪细胞classⅠ-PI3K、PIP3、Akt、mTORC1、TSC1、TSC2蛋白表达显著下降(
P
<
0.01),但ULK1表达显著升高(
P
<
0.01)。与模型组比较,各用药组体质量、脂体比、脂肪细胞自噬活性标志物蛋白表达、TNF-
α
、IL-6、IL-1
β
、MCP-1、IL-4、IL-13水平明显降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),且雷帕霉素组、温胆汤中、高剂量组IL-10、TGF-
β
水平显著降低(
P
<
0.01),奥利司他组TGF-
β
的表达显著降低(
P
<
0.01),信号通路关键分子蛋白表达明显升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),但ULK1显著降低(
P
<
0.01)。与雷帕霉素组比较,温胆汤各剂量组脂肪细胞所有自噬活性标志物蛋白表达显著升高(
P
<
0.01),温胆汤低剂量组炎性因子(除TNF-
α
外)含量明显升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),信号通路关键分子蛋白表达明显降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),温胆汤中剂量组炎性因子(除IL-16、MCP-1、IL-10外)含量明显升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),温胆汤中、高剂量组信号通路各关键分子蛋白除PI3K外表达明显降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。与奥利司他组比较,温胆汤低、中剂量组脂肪细胞自噬活性标志物蛋白表达显著升高(
P
<
0.01),温胆汤低剂量组IL-6、IL-4、TGF-
β
含量显著升高(
P
<
0.01),所有信号通路关键分子蛋白表达显著降低(
P
<
0.01),温胆汤中剂量组IL-4含量显著升高(
P
<
0.01),信号通路关键分子蛋白除PI3K外表达均明显降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),温胆汤高剂量组体质量、自噬活性标志物ULK1、LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ蛋白表达水平明显升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),信号通路关键分子PIP3、mTORC1、TSC1蛋白表达明显降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),而自噬活性标志物Beclin1、Atg5蛋白、炎性因子TNF-
α
、IL-13含量明显降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。
结论
2
肥胖痰湿证炎症状态的形成与PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路介导的脂肪细胞自噬密切关联,且温胆汤可有效干预肥胖痰湿证大鼠的慢性炎症状态,其作用机制可能与调控该信号通路进而改善脂肪细胞自噬有关。
Objective
2
To observe the effects of Wendantang on the expression of inflammatory cytokines, autophagy markers, and key molecules of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway in the adipocytes of the rat model of obesity (syndrome of phlegm-dampness) and to explore the material basis of inflammation in obesity (syndrome of phlegm-dampness) and the underlying mechanism of Wendantang intervention.
Method
2
A total of 126 SD rats were randomized into 2 groups: 16 rats in the blank group and 110 rats in the modeling group. The blank group was fed with a basic diet while the modeling group with a high-fat diet to establish the animal model of obesity (syndrome of phlegm-dampness) for 8 weeks. After successful modeling, 48 obese rats were selected according to their body mass and randomized into a model control group, an orlistat (ORLI, 32.40 mg·kg
-1
) group, a rapamycin (RAPA, 2 mg·kg
-1
) group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose (4.45, 8.90, 17.80 g·kg
-1
, respectively) Wendantang groups, with 8 rats in each group. In addition, 8 rats were randomly selected from the blank group to be set as the normal control group. The corresponding agents in each group were administrated by gavage and the model and control groups were administrated with equal amounts of distilled water once daily for 6 weeks. The body mass, Lee's index, body fat ratio, and obesity rate were measured or calculated. The expression of UNC51-like kinase-1 (ULK1), Beclin1, human autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5), p62, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) Ⅰ/Ⅱ (markers of autophagy in adipocytes) was detected by the immunohistochemical two-step method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to determine the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-
α
, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1
β
, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-
β
in adipocytes. Western blot was employed to measure the protein levels of classⅠ-PI3K, phosphatidylinositol triphosphate (PIP3), Akt, mTORC1, ULK1, TSC1, and TSC2 in adipocytes.
Result
2
Compared with the blank group, the modeling group showed increased body mass and Lee's index (
P
<
0.01), the obesity rate
>
20%, and phlegm-dampness syndrome manifestations such as physical obesity, decreased mobility, decreased appetite, lusterless and tight fur, loose stools, decreased responsiveness to the outside world, and decreased water intake. Compared with the normal control group, the model control group showed increased body mass, Lee's index, body fat ratio, adipocyte autophagy marker expression, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), down-regulated protein levels of classⅠ-PI3K, PIP3, Akt, mTORC1, TSC1, and TSC2 (
P
<
0.01), and up-regulated protein level of ULK1 (
P
<
0.01). The intervention groups showed lower body mass, body fat ratio, adipocyte autophagy marker protein expression, and protein levels of TNF-
α
, IL-6, IL-1
β
, MCP-1, IL-4, and IL-13 than the model control group (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Moreover, the RAPA and Wendantang (medium and high dose) groups showed lowered levels of IL-10 and TGF-
β
(
P
<
0.01), and the ORLI group showed down-regulated expression of TGF-
β
(
P
<
0.01). The expression of key molecules of the signaling pathway was up-regulated (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01) while that of ULK1 was down-regulated (
P
<
0.01) in all the intervention groups. Compared with the RAPA group, the Wendantang groups showed up-regulated expression of all autophagy marker proteins in adipocytes (
P
<
0.01). In addition, the low-dose Wendantang group showed elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (except TNF-
α
) (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01) and down-regulated expression of all key molecules of the signaling pathway (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). The levels of inflammatory cytokines (except IL-16, MCP-1, and IL-10) were elevated in the medium-dose Wendantang group (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). The expression of key molecules except PI3K of the signaling pathway was down-regulated in the medium- and high-dose Wendantang groups (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the ORLI group, low- and medium-dose Wendantang groups showed up-regulated expression of autophagy markers in adipocytes (
P
<
0.01), and the low-dose group showed elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-4, and TGF-
β
) (
P
<
0.01) and down-regulated expression of all key molecules of the signaling pathway (
P
<
0.01). The medium-dose Wendantang group showed up-regulated expression of IL-4 (
P
<
0.01) and down-regulated expression of key molecules except PI3K of the signaling pathway (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). The high-dose Wendantang group showed increased body mass, up-regulated expression levels of autophagy markers (ULK1, LC3 Ⅰ/Ⅱ) (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), down-regulated expression of PIP3, mTORC1, and TSC1 (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), and lowered levels of Beclin1, Atg5, TNF-
α
, and IL-13 (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01).
Conclusion
2
The inflammation in obesity (syndrome of phlegm-dampness) is closely associated with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-mediated adipocyte autophagy. Wendantang can treat the chronic inflammation in obese rats with the syndrome of phlegm-dampness by regulating this signaling pathway and thus improve adipocyte autophagy.
温胆汤肥胖痰湿证磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)信号通路自噬慢性炎症作用机制
Wendantangobesity (syndrome of phlegm-dampness)phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling pathwayautophagychronic inflammationmechanism of action
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