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1.成都医学院,成都 610500
2.成都中医药大学 附属医院,成都 610072
Received:23 October 2022,
Published Online:11 January 2023,
Published:20 February 2024
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周琳悦,刘雪辉,刘燕等.基于小肠固有免疫从“脾虚致消”理论探讨糖尿病的发病机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2024,30(04):183-189.
ZHOU Linyue,LIU Xuehui,LIU Yan,et al.Pathogenesis of Diabetes from Theory of Spleen Deficiency Causing Diabetes Based on Intestinal Innate Immunity[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2024,30(04):183-189.
周琳悦,刘雪辉,刘燕等.基于小肠固有免疫从“脾虚致消”理论探讨糖尿病的发病机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2024,30(04):183-189. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230623.
ZHOU Linyue,LIU Xuehui,LIU Yan,et al.Pathogenesis of Diabetes from Theory of Spleen Deficiency Causing Diabetes Based on Intestinal Innate Immunity[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2024,30(04):183-189. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230623.
小肠在西医解剖学中隶属于消化系统,亦是机体重要的免疫器官。小肠的固有免疫系统包括组织屏障、固有免疫细胞和固有免疫分子3个部分,其中任何部分的功能失衡都会造成机体代谢失常,最终导致糖尿病的发生。在有关糖尿病的病机论述中,中医有“脾虚致消”的理论,当中指出脾脏功能受损,运化不及,散精障碍,精聚成浊,是糖尿病血糖代谢失常的核心病理环节。在小肠与脾的关系方面,中医理论认为小肠在解剖位置上处于腹中,腹为脾所主;小肠的消化、吸收及内分泌功能也与脾主运化、脾气散精的功能类似,因此西医小肠在解剖及生理功能方面均与中医脾脏有紧密联系。同时中医脾脏又与小肠固有免疫功能密不可分,脾参与卫气的生成与输布,卫气发挥卫外功能的过程与机体固有免疫应答被激活的过程相似。脾还是参与水液代谢的重要脏器,能协同肺肾及时地将浊液排除体外;亦能和胃腑同作气机升降的枢纽,调节“清阳”与“浊阴”的生理活动,从而保证机体内环境的稳态,这都是维持小肠固有免疫功能正常的基础。因此,以“脾虚致消”为桥梁,将中医理论与西医概念进行结合,从中医角度阐释小肠固有免疫失衡与糖尿病发病的联系,有助于更深层次地理解糖尿病的发病机制,亦为中医药防治本病提供新角度和新途径。
In western medicine, the small intestine anatomically belongs to the digestive system and is also an important immune organ of the body. The innate immune system of the small intestine consists of a tissue barrier, innate immune cells, and innate immune molecules. The dysfunction of any part can cause metabolic disorders and eventually lead to diabetes. In the pathogenesis of diabetes, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the theory of ''spleen deficiency causing diabetes'', which points out that the impaired spleen function results in inadequate transformation, impaired essence spread, and turbidity by essence accumulation, which is the core pathological link of blood glucose metabolism disorder in diabetes. In terms of the relationship between the small intestine and the spleen, the theory of TCM holds that the small intestine is located in the abdomen and the abdomen is dominated by the spleen. The digestion, absorption, and endocrine functions of the small intestine are also similar to the functions of spleen in governing movement and transformation and spreading essence by virtue of spleen Qi. Therefore, the anatomical and physiological functions of the small intestine in western medicine are closely related to the spleen in TCM. At the same time, the spleen is closely related to the innate immune function of the small intestine in TCM. The spleen participates in the generation and distribution of defense Qi, and the process of defense Qi playing the external function is similar to the process of the activation of the innate immune response. The spleen is also an important organ involved in fluid metabolism, which can cooperate with the lung and kidney to timely remove turbid fluid from the body. It can also work with the stomach as the hub of Qi ascending and descending and regulate the physiological activities of "clear Yang" and "turbid Yin", so as to ensure the homeostasis of the internal environment of the body, which is the basis for maintaining the normal function of the innate immunity of the small intestine. Therefore, taking "spleen deficiency causing diabetes" as a bridge, the theory of TCM and western medicine were combined to explain the relationship between small intestinal innate immunity imbalance and the pathogenesis of diabetes from the perspective of TCM, which is helpful to understand the pathogenesis of diabetes in a deeper level and also provide a new perspective and new way for the prevention and treatment of this disease with TCM.
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