GAO Li,LUO Fuxiang,ANAER Mahemuti,et al.Inhibitory Effect of Sophora alopecuroides Total Alkaloids and Two Monomer Alkaloids on PC12 Cell Activity[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(17):126-133.
GAO Li,LUO Fuxiang,ANAER Mahemuti,et al.Inhibitory Effect of Sophora alopecuroides Total Alkaloids and Two Monomer Alkaloids on PC12 Cell Activity[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(17):126-133. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230703.
Inhibitory Effect of Sophora alopecuroides Total Alkaloids and Two Monomer Alkaloids on PC12 Cell Activity
To compare the effects of total alkaloids, matrine, and sophoridine extracted from
Sophora alopecuroides
on the activity of pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells).
Method
2
The effect of
S. alopecuroides
total alkaloids, matrine, and sophoridine at concentrations of 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, and 0.062 5 g·L
-1
on the proliferation of PC12 cells was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis rate, cell cycle distribution, and intracellular Ca
2+
levels. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was performed to determine the mRNA transcription levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). Protein expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Bcl-2, and Bax were detected by Western blot.
Result
2
Compared to the control group,
S. alopecuroides
total alkaloids, matrine, and sophoridine inhibited the proliferation of PC12 cells, increased LDH leakage rate, enhanced intracellular Ca
2+
fluorescence intensity, and induced cell apoptosis in concentration-dependent manner (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Among them,
S. alopecuroides
total alkaloids had the strongest inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in PC12 cells (
P
<
0.01). After treatment with
S. alopecuroides
total alkaloids, matrine, and sophoridine, the cell cycle progression of PC12 cells was arrested at G
1
/G
0
in the
S. alopecuroides
total alkaloids group, and at G
1
/S in the matrine and sophoridine groups. The expression levels of Bax mRNA were significantly increased (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), while the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA were significantly decreased (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). All treatments significantly downregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01) and upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-8 (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), with the most significant protein expression changes observed in the
S. alopecuroides
total alkaloids group.
Conclusion
2
Among the
S. alopecuroides
total alkaloids, matrine, and sophoridine,
S. alopecuroides
total alkaloids exhibit the strongest inhibitory effect on the activity of PC12 cells, and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein expression, upregulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression, and activation of the mitochondrial Caspase-8 apoptotic pathway.
LIU Y , XU Y , JI W , et al . Anti-tumor activities of matrine and oxymatrine: Literature review [J]. Tumour Biol , 2014 , 35 ( 6 ): 5111 - 5119 .
HAO W L , MENG G L , XIE H X . Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological action of sophora alopecuroides [J]. China Pharm , 2016 , 27 : 1848 - 1850 .
JIA Y Q , YUAN Z W , ZHANG X S , et al . Total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides L. ameliorated murine colitis by regulating bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota [J]. J Ethnopharmacol , 2020 , 255 : 112775 .
YANG Y . Safety evaluation of the granular preparation of Sophora alopecuroides alkaloids for veterinary usage [D]. Yangzhou : Yangzhou University , 2020 : 2 - 3 .
QIU M , SHI F , DAI F , et al . A reactive oxygen species activation mechanism contributes to sophoridine-induced apoptosis in rat liver BRL-3A cells [J]. J Ethnopharmacol , 2018 , 213 : 376 - 383 .
WANG W , MELLOR R L , NERBONNE J M , et al . Regional differences in the expression of tetrodotoxin-sensitive inward Ca 2+ and outward Cs + /K + currents in mouse and human ventricles [J]. Channels (Austin) , 2019 , 13 ( 1 ): 72 - 87 .
BERRIDGE M J , BOOTMAN M D , LIPP P . Calcium-a life and death signal [J]. Nature , 1998 , 395 ( 6703 ): 645 - 648 .
CHAN C M , HUANG D Y , HUANG Y P , et al . Methylglyoxal induces cell death through endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction [J]. J Cell Mol Med , 2016 , 20 ( 9 ): 1749 - 1760 .
PAL S , GHOSH M , GHOSH S , et al . Atorvastatin induced hepatic oxidative stress and apoptotic damage via MAPKs, mitochondria, calpain and Caspase12 dependent pathways [J]. Food Chem Toxicol , 2015 , 83 : 36 - 47 .
CHEN J , MEHTA J L , HAIDER N , et al . Role of caspases in ox-LDL-induced apoptotic cascade in human coronary artery endothelial cells [J]. Circ Res , 2004 , 94 ( 3 ): 370 - 376 .
SASTRY K S , IBRAHIM W N , CHOUCHANE A I . Multiple signaling pathways converge on proapoptotic protein BAD to promote survival of melanocytes [J]. FASEB J , 2020 , 34 ( 11 ): 14602 - 14614 .
SCHENK R L , STRASSER A , DEWSON G . BCL-2: Long and winding path from discovery to therapeutic target [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun , 2017 , 482 ( 3 ): 459 - 469 .
VARDIYAN R , EZATI D , ANVARI M , et al . Effect of L -carnitine on the expression of the apoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Bax [J]. Clin Exp Reprod Med , 2020 , 47 ( 3 ): 155 - 160 .
ALARIFI S , ALI H , ALKAHTANI S , et al . Regulation of apoptosis through Bcl-2/Bax proteins expression and DNA damage by nano-sized gadolinium oxide [J]. Int J Nanomedicine , 2017 , 12 : 4541 - 4551 .
ZHANG Y , YANG X , GE X , et al . Puerarin attenuates neurological deficits via Bcl-2/Bax/cleaved Caspase-3 and Sirt3/SOD2 apoptotic pathways in subarachnoid hemorrhage mice [J]. Biomed Pharmacother , 2019 , 109 : 726 - 733 .
MCILWAIN D R , BERGER T , MAK T W . Caspase functions in cell death and disease [J]. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol , 2015 , 7 ( 4 ): a026716 .