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1.长春中医药大学,长春130117
2.长春中医药大学 附属医院,长春130021
Published:20 September 2023,
Published Online:06 July 2023,
Received:12 April 2023,
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徐寒莹,张冬梅,卢靖等.水蛭治疗脑卒中的作用机制研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2023,29(18):209-217.
XU Hanying,ZHANG Dongmei,LU Jing,et al.Mechanism of Hirudo in Treatment of Stroke: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(18):209-217.
徐寒莹,张冬梅,卢靖等.水蛭治疗脑卒中的作用机制研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2023,29(18):209-217. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230843.
XU Hanying,ZHANG Dongmei,LU Jing,et al.Mechanism of Hirudo in Treatment of Stroke: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(18):209-217. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230843.
脑卒中是最常见的脑血管疾病之一,包括出血性和缺血性2种类型。从现代医学角度,脑卒中是由于脑血管损伤或栓塞引发的血液循环障碍;从中医学角度分析该病病机主要是由于气血逆乱,上犯于脑,从而导致血溢脉外或脑络痹阻。“瘀”是贯穿于脑卒中全程的病理因素,活血化瘀法也是长久以来脑卒中的核心治法。水蛭作为传统的虫类药物,具有较好的破血化瘀之效。现代药理学研究证实,水蛭中含有的抗凝组分在缺血性卒中血栓溶解、出血性卒中后血肿吸收等方面有巨大优势。水蛭及其相关制剂已被证实可通过抗凝、抗栓、保护血管内皮等途径发挥抗脑卒中作用,并广泛应用于该病治疗。该文将基于水蛭的主要活性成分及其具备的化瘀特性探讨其治疗脑卒中的理论基础及研究现状,总结水蛭相关的常用复方、制剂的研究现状,旨在为水蛭参与脑卒中的治疗提供参考。
Stroke is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases, including hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke. From a modern medical perspective, stroke is caused by cerebrovascular damage or embolism leading to impaired blood circulation. From the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) perspective, the pathogenesis of this disease is mainly due to the disorder of Qi and blood, which ascend to the brain, causing either blood extravasation or blockage of brain collaterals. Stasis is a pathological factor that runs throughout the entire course of stroke, and the method of promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis has been a core treatment for stroke for a long time. Hirudo, as a traditional insect drug, has shown good effects in promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis. Modern pharmacological research has confirmed that Hirudo contains anticoagulant components, which provide significant advantages in dissolving thrombi in ischemic stroke and facilitating hematoma absorption in hemorrhagic stroke. Hirudo and its related preparations have been proven to exert an anti-stroke effect through anticoagulation, anti-thrombosis, and protection of vascular endothelium. As a result, they have been widely used in the treatment of stroke. This article explored the theoretical basis and research status of using Hirudo for treating stroke based on its main active components and hemostatic properties and summarized the current research status of commonly used Hirudo-based formulations and preparations, aiming to provide references for the involvement of Hirudo in stroke treatment.
水蛭脑卒中缺血性卒中出血性卒中水蛭素
Hirudostrokeischemic strokehemorrhagic strokehirudin
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