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1.河南中医药大学,郑州 450000
2.河南中医药大学 第一附属医院,郑州 450046
Received:05 February 2023,
Published Online:12 April 2023,
Published:20 March 2024
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脑缺血再灌注损伤(CIRI)是指脑缺血后梗死区脑组织血流和氧供恢复,引起缺血脑组织继发性损伤的一种复杂的瀑布级联反应过程。目前尽快溶栓,恢复脑组织供血仍是治疗脑卒中的唯一策略,但相当一部分患者再灌注后其症状较前会更加严重,使患者面临神经功能损伤甚至死亡等不良结局,严重影响患者的生活质量和生命安全,因此深入探索脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制与治疗策略具有重要的临床意义。磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路响着细胞的增殖、生长和分化,作为经典的抗凋亡/促生殖的信号传导通路之一,是预防CIRI的关键级联信号通路,在线粒体障碍、细胞凋亡、细胞自噬、氧化应激和炎症反应等多种机制中处于核心位点,与CIRI的发生发展密切相关。传统中医药对于临床治疗脑卒中及其并发症已有上千年历史,近年来中医药防治CIRI的临床成效也得到大量研究结果的肯定,进一步阐明了中药单体、活性成分及其复方可凭借多靶点、多组分和多途径的生物学优势直接或间接调控PI3K/Akt信号通路,并对CIRI起到整体性保护作用。笔者通过分析近年来国内外中医药相关研究进展,对调控PI3K/Akt信号通路在CIRI中的防治作用及机制进行综述,以期为中医药临床防治CIRI的作用机制研究提供进一步的理论依据。
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a complex cascade reaction process in which the blood flow and oxygen supply of brain tissue in the infarcted area recover after cerebral ischemia, resulting in secondary injury of ischemic brain tissue. At present, thrombolysis as soon as possible and restoration of cerebral blood supply are still the only strategies for the treatment of stroke, but a considerable number of patients' symptoms will be more serious after reperfusion, making patients face adverse outcomes such as neurological function injury and even death and seriously affecting the quality of life and safety of patients. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the mechanism and treatment strategy of CIRI has important clinical significance. The phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway is one of the classic anti-apoptosis/reproductive-promoting signal transduction pathways, which is responsible for cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation. It is the key cascade signaling pathway of CIRI, located at the core site in many mechanisms such as mitochondrial disorder, apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, and inflammation. It is closely related to the occurrence and development of CIRI. Traditional Chinese medicine has been used in the clinical treatment of stroke and its complications for thousands of years, and the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of CIRI has been affirmed by a large number of research results in recent years. It is further clarified that the monomers, active components, and their compound prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine can directly or indirectly regulate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by virtue of the biological advantages of multi-targets, multi-components, and multi-pathways and play an overall protective role in CIRI. By analyzing the related research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in China and abroad in recent years, the authors summarized the role and mechanism of regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the prevention and treatment of CIRI, so as to provide further theoretical basis for the study of the mechanism of clinical prevention and treatment of CIRI.
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