“Idiopathic oligozoospermia is receiving increasing attention in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. Oxidative stress damage is one of the main causes of this disease, which directly affects sperm quality and spermatogenesis. Research has found that sperm plasma membrane phospholipids are extremely sensitive to reactive oxygen species, which can easily lead to lipid peroxidation and induce ferroptosis. Meanwhile, oxidative stress can also interfere with sperm DNA repair and apoptosis pathways, inhibit testosterone production, and ultimately affect spermatogenesis. As a classic formula in traditional Chinese medicine for treating IO, Wuzi Yanzong Pill has made significant progress in the research of its pharmacological substances. By establishing a characteristic map of traditional Chinese medicine and exploring pharmacological research on the targets of active ingredients, it was found that the main active ingredients are flavonoids and phenylpropanoids, which have strong antioxidant activity. Research has shown that Wuzi Yanzong Pill can inhibit excessive ROS levels in IO models, improve the body's antioxidant capacity, alleviate inflammation, inhibit cell apoptosis, and promote testosterone production, thereby alleviating the decline in sperm quality and insufficient sperm production caused by oxidative stress. This study not only provides new drug options for the treatment of IO, but also opens up new directions for the research of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacological substances and reproductive endocrine diseases. In the future, we can further explore the pharmacological mechanism of Wu Zi Yan Zong Wan, optimize treatment plans, and bring better therapeutic effects to male infertility patients.”