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1.安徽中医药大学 研究生院,合肥 230038
2.安徽中医药大学 第一附属医院,合肥 230031
3.新安医学教育部重点实验室,合肥 230038
Received:12 February 2023,
Published Online:04 August 2023,
Published:20 February 2024
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杨悦,杨文明,汪瀚等.肝豆状核变性中西医研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2024,30(04):209-217.
YANG Yue,YANG Wenming,WANG Han,et al.Wilson's Disease in Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2024,30(04):209-217.
杨悦,杨文明,汪瀚等.肝豆状核变性中西医研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2024,30(04):209-217. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20232292.
YANG Yue,YANG Wenming,WANG Han,et al.Wilson's Disease in Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2024,30(04):209-217. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20232292.
肝豆状核变性(WD)是由于ATP7B基因突变导致的铜代谢障碍性疾病,临床表型丰富多样,发病机制异常复杂,属于少数经过积极规范治疗可以取得较好临床疗效的罕见病。目前国内有关本病的系统性综述较少,笔者通过查阅与WD相关国内外文献,从中医学和西医学两个层面对WD的发病机制和治疗方法进行总结归纳。总得来看,西医认为ATP7B基因突变是本病发生的根本原因,ATP7B基因突变可影响机体铜转运功能,造成铜代谢障碍,过量铜沉积于机体内,促使氧化应激发生、导致线粒体功能缺陷、引起细胞死亡等等。目前WD常用的西医治疗方法仍以药物为主,驱铜药物是临床首选,常联合保肝及抗氧化治疗,手术治疗是慢性肝病终末期WD患者常用的方式,而基因治疗为WD患者提供了可能的潜在选择。而中医则认为,先天禀赋不足,铜毒蓄积是本病根本病因,湿热内蕴、痰瘀互结为主要病机,在疾病的不同阶段,病机有所不同,临证当予以明辨。目前中医药治疗主要以滋补肝肾、温补脾肾治其本,清热利湿、化痰祛瘀、疏肝理气治其标,标本同治,方为根本。在辨证论治的基础上,形成了治疗WD的专病专方,如肝豆灵、肝豆汤、肝豆扶木汤,在临床得到了广泛的运用。中、西医各有优势,又各有不足,中西医并重,优势互补,强强结合。因此,中西医结合的WD治疗方案被逐渐推广和应用,展现出巨大的治疗潜力。该文通过对WD的中西医病因病机及治疗进行归纳梳理,以期为该病的临床诊治提供参考。
Wilson's disease (WD) is a copper metabolism disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, with diverse phenotypes and complex pathogenesis. It is one of the few rare diseases that can achieve good clinical efficacy through standardized treatment. Since there are few systematic reviews of this disease, we summarize the pathogenesis and treatment methods of WD from traditional Chinese and western medicine by reviewing the literature related to WD. In western medicine, ATP7B gene mutation is considered as the root cause of WD, which affects copper transport and causes copper metabolism disorders. The excessive copper deposited in the body will result in oxidative stress, defects in mitochondrial function, and cell death. Western medicine treatment of WD relies mainly on drugs, and copper antagonists are the first choice in clinical practice, which are often combined with hepatoprotective and antioxidant therapy. Surgery is a common therapy for the patients with end-stage WD, and gene therapy provides an option for WD patients. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, WD is rooted in constitutional deficiency and copper accumulation and triggered by dampness-heat accumulation or phlegm combined with stasis. The patient syndrome varies in different stages of the disease, and thus the treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation. The TCM treatment method of nourishing the liver and kidneys and warming the spleen and kidneys can address the root cause. The methods of clearing heat and drying dampness, resolving phlegm and dispelling stasis, and soothing liver and regulating qi movement can be adopted to treat symptoms. On the basis of syndrome differentiation, special prescriptions for the treatment of WD have been formulated, such as Gandou decoction, Gandouling, and Gandou Fumu decoction, which have been widely used in clinical practice. TCM and western medicine have their own advantages and shortcomings. The integrated Chinese and western medicine complementing with each other demonstrates great therapeutic potential. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis and treatment of WD with integrated Chinese and western medicine, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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