“The incidence rate of osteoarthritis (OA) is increasing year by year, and its treatment has long been dominated by analgesic and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but long-term use of these drugs may lead to gastrointestinal injury and relapse. Research has found that traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in preventing and treating OA, such as fewer adverse reactions and a wide range of treatments. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine regulate various signaling pathways and the expression of inflammatory factors, alleviate oxidative stress damage, protect chondrocytes and bone tissue, and effectively alleviate the development process of OA disease. This provides new directions and ideas for the treatment of OA. However, there are still certain limitations in current OA medical research, and there is a need to continue developing the traditional Chinese medicine industry. This article reviews the relevant literature reports on the regulation of oxidative stress response by active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis, providing important references for subsequent research.”