“The effect and mechanism of Sishen decoction on synovial lesions induced by sodium iodoacetate in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rats have been extensively studied. Researchers used 60 female SD rats to replicate the KOA rat model by injecting sodium iodoacetate into the joint cavity, and intervened with celecoxib and Sishen decoction, respectively. After four consecutive weeks of experiments, researchers found that compared with the model group, the knee joint transverse diameter of rats in each dose group of Sishen decoction was significantly reduced, and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β and TNF - α in knee joint synovial fluid were also significantly reduced. In addition, Sishen decoction can significantly reduce the expression of TGF - β 1/Smad2/3 pathway related proteins and mRNA in knee joint synovium, thereby inhibiting synovial fibrosis and angiogenesis. This study not only provides new drug candidates for the treatment of synovial lesions in KOA, but also provides useful references for further exploration of the pathogenesis and treatment methods of KOA.”