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1.湖南省中医药研究院,长沙 410300
2.湖南省马王堆医学研究中心,长沙 410300
3.湖南中医药大学,长沙 410000
4.湖南中医药大学 第一附属医院,长沙 410000
Received:07 December 2023,
Accepted:10 November 2024,
Published Online:18 June 2024,
Published:20 July 2025
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李玉丽,袁振仪,尹周安等.经典名方香苏散的关键信息考证[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(14):206-214.
LI Yuli,YUAN Zhenyi,YIN Zhouan,et al.Textual Research of Key Information of Classic Formula Xiangsusan[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(14):206-214.
李玉丽,袁振仪,尹周安等.经典名方香苏散的关键信息考证[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(14):206-214. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240818.
LI Yuli,YUAN Zhenyi,YIN Zhouan,et al.Textual Research of Key Information of Classic Formula Xiangsusan[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(14):206-214. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240818.
香苏散由香附、紫苏、陈皮、甘草4味药组成,是治疗外感风寒兼气滞的经典名方。该研究基于古今文献对香苏散组成加减衍变、剂量折算、基原炮制、主治病证、功效方义、现代临床应用等方面开展考证,以期为经典名方香苏散复方制剂的研发与临床应用提供科学依据。考证结果发现,香苏散方名首见于《博济方》,但《太平惠民和剂局方》所载香苏散对后世医家影响较大,被历代医家广为沿用,后世医家多沿用了香苏散“煮散”的剂型,历代记载的配伍比例显示方中香附和紫苏占有绝对的配伍比重,宋金元时期的香苏散每服剂量大于明清时期。香苏散组成剂量为香附165.2 g、紫苏165.2 g、陈皮82.6 g、甘草41.3 g,以上药味粉碎成10目的粗末则每服剂量为12.39 g,80目的细末则每服剂量为8.26 g,加水量为300 mL,煎至210 mL。方中香附选用莎草科植物莎草
Cyperus rotundus
的干燥根茎,炒制入药;紫苏选用紫苏(原变种)
Perilla frutescens
var.
frutescens
(紫色叶型)的干燥叶(或带嫩枝),净制入药;陈皮选用芸香科植物橘
Citrus reticulata
及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮,生品入药;甘草选豆科植物甘草
Glycyrrhiza uralensis
的干燥根和根茎,炒制入药。香苏散表里兼治,既可治疗外感风寒、或瘟疫,又可治疗气郁不畅引起的内科、妇科诸多疾病,证候表现为恶寒身热,头痛无汗,咳嗽喘急,身痛,胸膈满闷,嗳气恶食等。方中紫苏辛温可解表寒、理气机,为方中主药,辅以香附行气开郁,佐以陈皮助紫苏、香附理气化滞,使以甘草和胃调药,全方配伍功可疏风散寒,理气和中。常与化痰理气、祛风止痛、利水消肿、健脾燥湿、行气化湿、化痰开胃、行气消胀之品配伍应用。香苏散现代临床应用集中在呼吸系统、消化系统、妇科系统等,具体病证主要集中在感冒、慢性胃炎、特发性水肿等。
Xiangsusan is composed of four herbs: Cyperi Rhizoma, Perillae Folium, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, and
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. It is a classic formula for treating external
sensations and Qi stagnation. This study was based on ancient and modern literature to conduct research on the composition, modification, dose conversion, original processing, indications, efficacy, and modern clinical applications of Xiangsusan, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development and clinical application of classic compound formulations of Xiangsusan. The research results found that the name "Xiangsusan" was first seen in the
Bojifang
, but the Xiangsusan recorded in the
Taiping Huimin Hejiju Fang
had a significant impact on later medical practitioners and was widely used by medical practitioners throughout history. In later generations, the formulation of boiled Xiangsusan powder was mostly used. The compatibility ratios recorded throughout history show that Cyperi Rhizoma
and Perillae Folium
occupy an absolute proportion in the formula. The dosage of Xiangsusan taken during the Song, Jin, and Yuan dynasties was greater than that during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The composition doses of Xiangsusan are 165.2 g Cyperi Rhizoma, 165.2 g Perillae Folium, 82.6 g Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, and 41.3 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The above herbs were crushed into 10-mesh coarse powder, with a dosage of 12.39 g per dose, or crushed into 80-mesh fine powder, with a dosage of 8.26 g per dose. The amount of water added is 300 mL, and the solution is decocted to 210 mL.
Cyperi Rhizoma is the dry rhizome of
Cyperus rotundis
, a plant of the
Cyperus
family, and it is fried. Perillae Folium is a dried leaf (or with tender branches) of
Perilla frutescens
var.
frutescens
(purple leaf type), and it is purified. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium is the dry and mature peel of the
Citrus reticulata
and its cultivated varieties in the Rutaceae
family, and the raw product is used as medicine.
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
is the dried roots and rhizomes of the leguminous plant
Glycyrrhiza uralensis
and fried. Xiangsusan can treat both external and internal diseases, including external wind-cold or plague, as well as gynecological diseases caused by Qi depression, with symptoms manifested as malignant cold and body heat, headache without sweating, coughing and wheezing, body pain, chest and diaphragm full of stuffiness, belching and anorexia. Perillae Fructus in the formula can relieve external colds and regulate Qi, making it the main medicine in the formula. Cyperi Rhizoma
can assist in promoting Qi and relieving depression, while Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium can assist Perillae Fructus and Cyperi Rhizoma in regulating Qi and resolving stagnation. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
can regulate the stomach and formula. The whole formula can disperse wind and cold, regulate Qi, and balance the body. It is often used in combination with drugs that can dissipate phlegm and regulate Qi, dispel wind and relieve pain, promote diuresis and alleviate swelling, strengthen the spleen and improve dry dampness, smooth Qi and reduce dampness, reduce phlegm and stimulate appetite, and promote Qi and eliminate bloating. The modern clinical application of Xiangsusan mainly focuses on the respiratory system, digestive system, and gynecological system. The specific diseases and syndromes mainly focus on cold, chronic gastritis, and idiopathic edema.
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