“Science and technology news report: Mulberry leaf, an ancient Chinese herbal medicine, now shows new vitality in the field of diabetes research. Mulberry leaves have various effects such as dispersing wind and heat, clearing lungs and moistening dryness, calming the liver and improving vision, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, especially their role in regulating blood sugar has attracted much attention. Through searching databases such as CNKI, Web of Science, and PubMed, relevant studies have found that flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, phenols, and other components in mulberry leaves exhibit significant effects in lowering blood sugar. The hypoglycemic mechanism of mulberry leaves involves multiple components, pathways, and targets, mainly by improving glucose and lipid metabolism, protecting pancreatic beta cells, and reducing insulin resistance to alleviate the damage of high blood sugar to the body. In order to better extract the hypoglycemic active ingredients from mulberry leaves, researchers are constantly exploring new extraction processes, including traditional solvent extraction, ultrasound assisted, microwave-assisted, as well as emerging CO2 supercritical fluid extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, cloud point extraction, etc. By studying the hypoglycemic effective parts of mulberry leaves, analyzing the extraction methods applicable to various hypoglycemic components, and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of traditional and emerging extraction processes, it is expected to provide effective theoretical support for the optimization of the extraction process of mulberry leaf hypoglycemic effective parts, the study of hypoglycemic chemical components and their mechanisms of action, the development of new drugs, and clinical applications. This research result not only provides a new idea for the treatment of diabetes, but also opens up a new direction for the modern application of traditional Chinese medicine.”