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1.江西中医药大学,南昌 330004
2.中药固体制剂制造技术国家工程研究中心,南昌 330006
Received:22 May 2024,
Accepted:24 January 2025,
Published Online:06 September 2024,
Published:20 March 2025
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刘彭浩邦,段文彬,陈亚娟等.23-羟基白桦酸调控免疫细胞干预NNK联合LPS致小鼠肺部炎癌转化的作用[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(06):98-106.
LIU Penghaobang,DUAN Wenbin,CHEN Yajuan,et al.23-Hydroxybetulinic Acid Inhibits NNK and LPS-induced Lung Inflammation-related Carcinogenesis by Regulating Immune Cells in Mice[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(06):98-106.
刘彭浩邦,段文彬,陈亚娟等.23-羟基白桦酸调控免疫细胞干预NNK联合LPS致小鼠肺部炎癌转化的作用[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(06):98-106. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20241339.
LIU Penghaobang,DUAN Wenbin,CHEN Yajuan,et al.23-Hydroxybetulinic Acid Inhibits NNK and LPS-induced Lung Inflammation-related Carcinogenesis by Regulating Immune Cells in Mice[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(06):98-106. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20241339.
目的
2
观察白头翁主要成分23-羟基白桦酸(23-HBA)抑制4-甲基亚硝胺基-1-3-吡啶基-1-丁酮(NNK)联合脂多糖(LPS)致小鼠肺部炎癌转化作用及对免疫细胞的影响,并初步探索该作用机制。
方法
2
建立NNK联合LPS诱导的小鼠炎癌转化模型,随机分为空白组,模型组,阿司匹林组(10 mg·kg
-1
),23-HBA低、中、高剂量组(3.75、7.5、15 mg·kg
-1
),持续给药26周,实验结束后取脾脏、肺脏及外周血。计算肺脏、脾脏指数;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察小鼠肺组织病理变化;免疫组化(IHC)检测肺组织中甲状腺转录因子-1(TTF-1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和增殖细胞核抗原(Ki-67)的表达水平;高通量蛋白芯片检测小鼠血清中白细胞介素-1
β
(IL-1
β
)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-
α
(TNF-
α
)含量;流式细胞术(FACS)检测肺组织和脾组织中巨噬细胞、髓源性抑制细胞(MDSC)、耗竭性T淋巴细胞表达情况。运用口袋分子对接的方法预测23-HBA对Janus激酶2(JAK2)、含Src同源2结构域蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(SHP2)蛋白与细胞因子信号抑制物3(SOCS3)的对接能。蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测23-HBA对M1活化巨噬细胞与肺腺癌细胞A549中磷酸化信号传导及转录激活蛋白3(p-STAT3)及其下游蛋白p53与SHP2蛋白的表达水平。
结果
2
与正常组比较,模型组小鼠肺脏、脾脏指数均有不同程度地升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),TTF-1、NSE与Ki-67蛋白表达明显上升(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),血清TNF-
α
、IL-1
β
、IL-6含量均显著升高(
P
<
0.01),巨噬细胞的数量显著降低(
P
<
0.01),耗竭型T细胞和MDSCs的数量明显升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。与模型组比较,23-HBA各剂量组小鼠脾脏和胸腺指数明显下降(
P
<
0.05),23-HBA中剂量组肺指数明显下降(
P
<
0.05),23-HBA高、中剂量组可改善模型组NNK联合LPS致小鼠肺部炎性浸润灶与恶性病变灶的发生,23-HBA中、高剂量组TTF-1较模型组表达明显下降(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),23-HBA各剂量组小鼠较模型组NSE与Ki-67蛋白表达明显下调(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),23-HBA低、高剂量组IL-1
β
含量明显降低(
P
<
0.05),23-HBA各剂量IL-6和TNF-
α
含量明显下降(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),23-HBA中剂量组肺部巨噬细胞数量明显提升(
P
<
0.05),肺部表达PD-1的耗竭型T细胞和MDSCs数量明显降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。此外,23-HBA对SHP2、SOCS3、JAK2的分子对接能力强(≥7 kcal·mol
-1
),显著下调M1巨噬细胞与A549肺腺癌中p-STAT3、SHP2与p53蛋白表达(
P
<
0.01)。
结论
2
23-HBA对LPS联合NNK造成的肺部炎症反应与恶性病变有显著抑制作用,其机制可能是通过调控免疫细胞,改善肿瘤免疫微环境及调控SHP2蛋白及其下游通路等途径,发挥抗炎抗肿瘤作用。
Objective
2
To investigate the suppressive effect of 23-hydroxybetulinic acid (23-HBA), a key constituent of Pulsatillae Radix, on the pulmonary inflammation-related carcinogenesis induced by the combined exposure of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice, alongside exploring its influence on immune cells and delving into the underlying mechanisms.
Methods
2
A murine model of pulmonary inflammation-related carcinogenesis induced by NNK combined with LPS was established. Mice were randomly assigned into blank control, model, aspirin (10 mg·kg
-1
), and low-, medium-, and high-dose (3.75, 7.5, 15 mg·kg
-1
, respectively) 23-HBA groups. The treatment
lasted for 26 weeks, after which the spleen, lung, and peripheral blood samples were collected. Lung and spleen indices were calculated. Histopathological changes in the lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the expression levels of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Ki-67) in the lung tissue. High-throughput protein microarray was employed to measure the levels of interleukin-1
β
(IL-1
β
), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-
α
(TNF-
α
) in the mouse serum. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate the expression of macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and exhausted T lymphocytes in the lung and spleen tissue. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding affinity of 23-HBA to Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2), and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). Western blot was performed to assess the protein levels of phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), p53, and SHP2 in the M1-activated macrophages and A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells treated with 23-HBA.
Results
2
Compared with the normal group, the lung and spleen indexes of the model group were increased to varying degrees (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), the expression of TTF-1, NSE and Ki-67 protein was significantly increased (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), and the serum levels of TNF-
α
, IL-1
β
and IL-6 were significantly increased (
P
<
0.01). The number of macrophages in the model group was significantly decreased (
P
<
0.01), and the number of exhausted T cells and MDSCs was significantly increased (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, the splee
n and thymus index of mice in each dose group of 23-HBA decreased significantly (
P
<
0.05), and the lung index of mice in the middle dose group of 23-HBA decreased significantly (
P
<
0.05). The high and middle dose groups of 23-HBA could improve the occurrence of inflammatory infiltration and malignant lesions in the lungs of mice induced by NNK combined with LPS in the model group. The expression of TTF-1 in the middle and high dose groups of 23-HBA was significantly lower than that in the model group (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). The expression of NSE and Ki-67 protein in each dose group of 23-HBA was significantly lower than that in the model group (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). The contents of IL-1
β
in the low and high dose groups of 23-HBA were significantly decreased (
P
<
0.05), and the contents of IL-6 and TNF-
α
in each dose of 23-HBA were significantly decreased (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). The number of macrophages in the lung of the middle dose group of 23-HBA was significantly increased (
P
<
0.05), and the number of exhausted T cells and MDSCs expressing PD-1 in the lung was significantly decreased (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). In addition, 23-HBA had strong molecular docking ability to SHP2, SOCS3 and JAK2 (≥7 kcal·mol
-1
), and significantly down-regulated the protein levels of p-STAT3, SHP2 and p53 in M1 macrophages and A549 lung adenocarcinoma (
P
<
0.01).
Conclusion
2
23-HBA holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating pulmonary inflammation and inhibiting malignant transformation induced by the combination of LPS and NNK. It may exert effects by regulating immune cell responses, improving the tumor immune microenvironment, and regulating key signaling pathways.
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