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1.南京中医药大学 附属医院/江苏省中医院,南京 210029
2.南京中医药大学 第一临床医学院,南京 210023
Received:18 January 2025,
Published Online:10 March 2025,
Published:20 July 2025
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于利凯,苏子珊,田地等.没食子酸调控p53/SLC7A11/GPX4信号通路改善小鼠运动相关肌肉损伤的机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(14):49-57.
YU Likai,SU Zishan,TIAN Di,et al.Gallic Acid Ameliorates Exercise-induced Muscle Damage in Mice by Regulating p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(14):49-57.
于利凯,苏子珊,田地等.没食子酸调控p53/SLC7A11/GPX4信号通路改善小鼠运动相关肌肉损伤的机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(14):49-57. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20250408.
YU Likai,SU Zishan,TIAN Di,et al.Gallic Acid Ameliorates Exercise-induced Muscle Damage in Mice by Regulating p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(14):49-57. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20250408.
目的
2
观察没食子酸(GA)对小鼠运动相关肌肉损伤(EIMD)的影响,探索其治疗小鼠骨骼肌细胞铁死亡的作用机制。
方法
2
SPF级C57小鼠60只,随机选择10只为正常组,其余使用动物跑台构建EIMD模型小鼠,并随机
平均分为跑台组、铁抑素-1(Fer-1)组(0.005 g·kg
-1
)、GA低剂量组(0.2 g·kg
-1
)、GA高剂量组(0.4 g·kg
-1
)和GA高剂量(0.4 g·kg
-1
)+埃拉斯汀(Erastin)组(0.03 g·kg
-1
)。干预结束后通过平衡木行为学实验及苏木素-伊红(HE)、天狼猩红病理染色评估骨骼肌损伤情况、酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测小鼠骨骼肌中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-
α
(TNF-
α
)、肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)及铁离子水平、蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)及实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)分别检测小鼠骨骼肌中肿瘤蛋白53(p53)、溶质载体家族7成员11(SLC7A11)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)的蛋白和mRNA表达水平、免疫组化检测骨骼肌组织中p53的表达。体外实验:Western blot检测C2C12细胞中铁死亡相关蛋白表达。
结果
2
与正常组比较,跑台组小鼠平衡木通过时间及滑爪次数增多,骨骼肌组织出现明显炎症浸润及纤维断裂,IL-6、TNF-
α
、CK、LDH、MDA及铁离子水平明显升高(
P
<
0.05),p53蛋白及mRNA表达升高,SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白及mRNA表达明显降低(
P
<
0.05),p53蛋白明显升高(
P
<
0.05);与跑台组比较,Fer-1组、GA低剂量组及GA高剂量组小鼠平衡木通过时间及滑爪次数减少,骨骼肌组织炎症浸润及纤维断裂减少,IL-6、TNF-
α
、CK、LDH、MDA及铁离子水平明显下降(
P
<
0.05),p53蛋白及mRNA表达下降,SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白及mRNA表达明显升高(
P
<
0.05),p53蛋白明显下降(
P
<
0.05);与GA高剂量组比较,GA高剂量+Erastin组小鼠平衡木通过时间及滑爪次数增多,骨骼肌组织炎症浸润及纤维断裂明显,IL-6、TNF-
α
、CK、LDH、MDA及铁离子水平明显升高(
P
<
0.05),p53蛋白及mRNA表达升高,SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白及mRNA表达明显降低(
P
<
0.05),p53的MD明显升高(
P
<
0.05);体外实验:与空白组比较拉力组C2C12细胞中p53蛋白表达升高,SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白表达明显下降(
P
<
0.05);与拉力组比较,GA组细胞中p53蛋白表达下降,SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白表达明显升高(
P
<
0.05);与GA组比较GA+Erastin组细胞中p53蛋白表达升高,SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白表达明显下降(
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
GA可能通过调控p53/SLC7A11/GPX4通路抑制细胞铁死亡,对EIMD具有良好的治疗作用。
Objective
2
To investigate the effect of gallic acid (GA) on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in mice and explore its therapeutic mechanism in regulating ferroptosis in skeletal muscle cells.
Methods
2
A total of 60 SPF-grade C57 mice were used, with 10 randomly selected as the control group. The remaining mice underwent tre
admill exercise for the modeling of EIMD and were then randomly assigned into five groups: treadmill, ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1, 0.005 g·kg
-1
), low-dose (0.2 g·kg
-1
) GA, high-dose (0.4 g·kg
-1
) GA, and high-dose (0.4 g·kg
-1
) GA + Erastin (0.03 g·kg
-1
). After intervention, muscle damage was assessed by a balance beam test, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Sirius red staining. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-
α
(TNF-
α
), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and iron ions in skeletal muscle. Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) were employed to determine the protein and mRNA levels, respectively, of p53, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in skeletal muscle. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to evaluate the expression of p53 in the muscle tissue. In the cell experiment, Western blot was employed to determine the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins in C2C12 cells.
Results
2
Compared with the control group, the treadmill group exhibited increased balance beam crossing time and paw slips, obvious inflammatory infiltration and fiber rupture in the skeletal muscle tissue, along with elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-
α
, CK, LDH, MDA, and iron ions (
P
<
0.05). Additionally, the treadmill group presented up-regulated protein and mRNA levels of p53, down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 (
P
<
0.05), and increased p53 (
P
<
0.05). Compared with the treadmill group, the Fer-1, low-dose GA, and high-dose GA groups demonstrated reduced balance beam crossing time and paw slips, decreased inflammatory infiltration and fiber rupture in the skeletal muscle tissue, and lowered levels of IL-6, TNF-
α
, CK, LDH, MDA, and iron ions (
P
<
0.05). In addition, these groups exhibited down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of p53, up-regulated protein and mRNA levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 (
P
<
0.05), and decreased p53 (
P
<
0.05). However, compared with the high-dose GA group, the high-dose GA + Erastin group showed increased balance beam crossing time and paw slips, obvious inflammatory infiltration and fiber rupture, elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-
α
, CK, LDH, MDA, and iron ions (
P
<
0.05), up-regulated protein and mRNA levels of p53, down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 (
P
<
0.05), and an increase in the MD of p53 (
P
<
0.05). The cell experiment showed that compared with the blank group, the tension group showed an increase in the protein level of p53 and decreases in the protein levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in C2C12 cells (
P
<
0.05). Compared with the tension group, the GA group showcased down-regulated expression of p53 and up-regulated expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 (
P
<
0.05). Compared with the GA group, the GA + Erastin group demonstrated an increase in the protein level of p53 and decreases in the protein levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 (
P
<
0.05).
Conclusion
2
GA may exert therapeutic effects on EIMD by inhibiting ferroptosis through regulation of the p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway.
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