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中国中医科学院 中医临床基础医学研究所,北京 100700
Received:16 July 2024,
Accepted:01 November 2024,
Published Online:06 November 2024,
Published:20 April 2025
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马雨彤,路振凯,谢雁鸣.消结安胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤气滞血瘀证药品临床综合评价[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(08):235-243.
MA Yutong,LU Zhenkai,XIE Yanming.Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Xiaojie'an Capsules in Treatment of Uterine Fibroids with Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis Syndrome[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(08):235-243.
马雨彤,路振凯,谢雁鸣.消结安胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤气滞血瘀证药品临床综合评价[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(08):235-243. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20250694.
MA Yutong,LU Zhenkai,XIE Yanming.Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Xiaojie'an Capsules in Treatment of Uterine Fibroids with Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis Syndrome[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(08):235-243. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20250694.
目的
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通过“6+1”维度的临床证据评估和综合价值分析,对消结安胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤的相关研究进行系统整理,凸显消结安胶囊的疗效与特点。
方法
2
该研究基于循证医学、流行病学、药物经济学、卫生技术评估(HTA)等方法学,采用定性与定量相结合的评价方法,通过问卷调查、官网数据信息、已发表文献和真实世界数据的二次评估等,对中成药的安全性、有效性、经济性、创新性、适宜性、可及性及中医药特色,共计“6+1”维度构建评价体系。
结果
2
①安全性:消结安胶囊2009年1月至2023年3月期间,国家不良反应监测中心报告一般不良反应159例(248例次),严重不良反应4例,经专家判读后均为一般不良反应。通过文献检索,使用消结安胶囊患者共计6 865例,其中报道消结安胶囊不良反应文献26篇,不良反应共计244例次。消结安胶囊不良反应临床表现包括恶心、呕吐、胃部不适、腹泻、皮疹、瘙痒、头晕、头痛、失眠等,且预后良好,药物警戒体系健全。根据已知风险和证据充分性两方面进行评价,在已知风险评价方面,根据自发呈报系统(SRS)监测结果,消结安胶囊共发现4例严重不良反应(ADR),经专家讨论后,最终将4例ADR判定为一般ADR,结合已知风险评价标准认为已知风险小。根据消结安胶囊已开展的研究类型(随机对照试验及其系统评价、SRS数据分析、真实世界人用经验研究、非临床安全性研究),参照证据充分性评价标准,认为消结安胶囊证据比较充分。该品种安全性证据充足,结果确定。②有效性:Meta分析结果显示,消结安胶囊联合米非司酮片与米非司酮片比较具有较好的临床疗效,在缩小最大子宫肌瘤体积方面效果更优,受降级因素局限性和不精确性的影响,证据质量评价为C级。综合有效性证据与价值评价,该品种有效性证据比较充分,结果明确。③经济性:经济学评价结果显示,相比于单用米非司酮片,使用消结安胶囊联合米非司酮片每多治疗1名子宫肌瘤患者需多花费5 438.57元,低于患者支付意愿(36 883元,2022年国家统计局数据),提示与单用米非司酮片比较,消结安胶囊联合米非司酮片具有一定的经济性。敏感性分析结果较为稳健,认为该品种经济性较好。④创新性:目前中医药治疗子宫肌瘤,大多主张攻邪之法,极易伤正,而消结安胶囊在软坚散结的同时,兼顾扶正补虚。综合评价该品种创新性证据充足,结果确定。⑤适宜性:该药品中成药信息服务信息齐全,问卷调查结果显示该药品在个体依从性、体系、管理等多个维度对临床医师、护士、药师及患者适宜。综合评价该品适宜性证据比较充分,结果明确。⑥可及性:消结安胶囊日均费用为16.97元,疗程费用为407.16元,城镇居民可负担性好,农村居民可负担性较好,全国23个省市自治区有销售,药材资源丰富并可持续供应,可及性证据比较充分,结果明确。⑦中医药特色:消结安胶囊来源于傣族名医陈本善主任的经典傣族药组方,临床应用20余年。傣医药来源于云南西双版纳,以“四塔五蕴”学说为核心理论。综合评价该品种展现了较为显著的中医药特色。⑧临床价值综合评价:综合以上“6+1”维度,并结合多准则决策分析(MCDA)模型及通过CSC v2.0软件进行计算,结果显示,消结安胶囊临床价值证据比较充分,结果明确。
结论
2
消结安胶囊综合评价安全性、创新性证据充足、结果确定,有效性、适宜性、可及性证据比较充分、结果明确,经济性较好,中医药特色较突出。临床价值综合评价认为消结安胶囊临床价值证据比较充分,结果明确。未来建议以临床价值为导向,开展符合中医药特点的高质量有效性研究;完善急性毒性试验,为临床试验疗效研究和安全性研究提供科学客观依据。
Objective
2
To systematically organize the relevant research on the treatment of uterine fibroids with Xiaojie'an capsules through clinical evidence evaluation and comprehensive value analysis in the "6+1" dimension,highlighting the efficacy and characteristics of Xiaojie'an capsules.
Methods
2
Based on evidence-based medicine,epidemiology,pharmacoeconomics,health technology assessment (HTA), and other methodologies,this study adopted qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods. Through a questionnaire survey,official website data information,published literature, and secondary evaluation of real world data,a total of "6+1" dimensions were used to build an evaluation system for the safety,effectiveness,economy,innovation,suitability,accessibility of Chinese patent medicines, and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines.
Results
2
① Safety:From January 2009 to March 2023,the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center reported 159 cases (248 cases) of general adverse reactions and four cases of serious adverse reactions to Xiaojie'an capsules,all of which were classified as general adverse reactions after expert judgment. Through literature search,a total of 6 865 patients were treated with Xiaojie'an capsules,of which 26 articles reported adverse reactions to Xiaojie'an capsules,resulting in a total of 244 adverse reactions. The clinical manifestations of adverse reactions to Xiaojie'an capsules include nausea,vomiting,stomach discomfort,diarrhea,rash,itching,dizziness,headache,insomnia,etc. The prognosis was good, and the drug surveillance system was sound. Based on the evaluation of known risks and sufficient evidence,in terms of known risk assessment, according to the monitoring results of the spontaneous reporting system (SRS), there were four cases of serious adverse reactions to Xiaojie'an capsules. After expert discussion, the four cases of serious adverse reactions were finally judged as general adverse reactions, and the known risks were considered to be small in combination with the known risk evaluation criteria. According to the types of studies carried out on Xiaojie'an capsules (randomized controlled trial and its systematic review, SRS data analysis, real world human experience studies, and non-clinical safety studies) and the evaluation criteria of sufficient evidence, it was considered that Xiaojie'an capsules had sufficient evidence. The safety evidence of this variety was sufficient, and the result was confirmed. ② Effectiveness: Meta-analysis results showed that the combination of Xiaojie'an capsules and Mifepristone tablets had better clinical efficacy compared to Mifepristone tablets alone and had a better effect in reducing the maximum uterine fibroid volume. Due to limitations and imprecision caused by downgrading factors,the quality of evidence was evaluated as Grade C. Based on comprehensive effectiveness evidence and value evaluation,the effectiveness evidence of this variety was relatively sufficient, and the results were clear ③ Economy:The economic evaluation results showed that treating one more patient with uterine fibroid required an additional cost of 5 438.57 yuan by using the combination of Xiaojie'an capsules and Mifepristone tablets,which was lower than the patient's willingness to pay (36 883 yuan according to 2022 National Bureau of Statistics data). This suggested that compared with using Mifepristone tablets alone,the combination of Xiaojie'an capsules and Mifepristone tablets had a certain economy. The sensitivity analysis results were relatively robust,indicating that this variety had good economy ④ Innovation:Currently,most traditional Chinese medicine treatments for uterine fibroids advocate the method of attacking evil,which can easily harm the body. However,Xiaojie'an capsules not only soften and disperse nodules but also balance supporting the body and supplementing deficiency. The comprehensive evaluation showed sufficient evidence of the innovation of this variety,and the results were confirmed. ⑤ Suitability: The service information of Chinese patent medicines derived from the drug was complete,and the questionnaire survey results showed that the drug was suitable for clinicians,nurses,pharmacists, and patients in multiple dimensions such as individual compliance,system, and management. The comprehensive evaluation of the suitability of the product had sufficient evidence and clear results. ⑥ Accessibility:The daily cost of Xiaojie'an capsules was 16.97 yuan,and the treatment cost was 407.16 yuan. It was affordable for urban residents and rural residents and was available for sale in 23 provinces, cities,municipalities,and autonomous regions across the country. The medicinal resources were abundant and sustainably supplied,and there was sufficient evidence of accessibility with clear results. ⑦ Characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine:Xiaojie'an capsules were derived from the classic Dai medicine formula of Dr. CHEN Benshan,a renowned Dai doctor,and they have been clinically used for over 20 years. Dai medicine originated from Xishuangbanna,Yunnan province,with the core theory of "four pagodas and five elements". The comprehensive evaluation showed that this variety exhibited significant characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. ⑧ Comprehensive evaluation of clinical value:Based on the "6+1" dimensions mentioned above,combined with the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model and calculations using CSC v2.0 software,the results showed that there was sufficient evidence for the clinical value of Xiaojie'an capsules,and the results were clear.
Conclusion
2
The comprehensive evaluation of Xiaojie'an capsules has sufficient evidence of safety and innovation,and the results are confirmed. The evidence of effectiveness,suitability,and accessibility is relatively sufficient,with clear results. The economy is good,and the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine are prominent. The comprehensive evaluation of clinical value believes that there is sufficient evidence of the clinical value of Xiaojie'an capsules,and the results are clear. In the future,it is recommended to focus on clinical value, conduct high-quality and effective research that is in line with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, and improve acute toxicity testing to provide a scientific and objective basis for clinical efficacy and safety research.
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