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中国中医科学院 中药研究所,北京 100700
Received:14 August 2024,
Accepted:06 November 2024,
Published Online:31 October 2024,
Published:20 July 2025
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严林,宋亚南,贾哲等.HS-GC-IMS结合化学计量学分析栀子炭炮制过程中挥发性成分的变化[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(14):190-197.
YAN Lin,SONG Yanan,JIA Zhe,et al.Analysis of Volatile Component Changes During Processing of Gardeniae Fructus Carbonisata by HS-GC-IMS Combined with Chemometrics[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(14):190-197.
严林,宋亚南,贾哲等.HS-GC-IMS结合化学计量学分析栀子炭炮制过程中挥发性成分的变化[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(14):190-197. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20250867.
YAN Lin,SONG Yanan,JIA Zhe,et al.Analysis of Volatile Component Changes During Processing of Gardeniae Fructus Carbonisata by HS-GC-IMS Combined with Chemometrics[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(14):190-197. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20250867.
目的
2
探究栀子炭炮制过程中挥发性成分变化的物质内涵,为栀子炭挥发性成分的表征和气味成分的物质基础提供数据支撑。
方法
2
300 ℃炒制栀子炭饮片,于设置的不同时间点取样,采用顶空-气相色谱-离子迁移谱法(HS-GC-IMS)对栀子炭炮制过程的挥发性成分进行分析,依据美国国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)2020数据库和IMS数据库对挥发性成分进行鉴定,使用仪器配套的VoCal 04.07软件和Gallery Plot插件对不同炮制程度的栀子炭样品进行指纹图谱对比,并分析差异性成分;利用SIMCA 14.1软件对其进行化学计量学分析,以变量重要性投影(VIP)值>1筛选前20个挥发性成分为栀子炭的气味差异标志物,结合相对气味活度值(ROAV)探究栀子炒炭过程中关键气味的变化情况。
结果
2
HS-GC-IMS检出172种挥发性成分,依据数据库鉴定出124种化合物,包括醇类、酮类、醛类、有机酸类、酯类、醚类、苯类、萜类、烯类、烷类和杂环类等十一类化合物,酯类、醛类和酮类化合物是栀子炭中主要的挥发性成分。差异对比和指纹图谱显示,不同炮制程度栀子炭样品间存在较大差异,各样品可明显区分聚类,炮制过程中阶段性或新生成了醛类、酮类、杂环类化合物。结合VIP值和ROAV值发现,丁酸丁酯[二聚体(D)]、丙位庚内酯(D)、1,4-桉叶素、2-己醇、葫芦巴内酯(D)等化合物在生栀子中含量较高,羰基化合物如糠醛、5-甲基糠醛、2,3-丁二酮等在炒炭过程中含量逐渐升高,在炒制12 min时达到最大,随后逐渐降低,表明12 min是栀子炒炭的转折点,即适中点;炒制过程中3-甲硫基丙醛等具洋葱、肉香和果香气味化合物的风味贡献物质增加。在栀子炒炭阶段,主要发生了美拉德反应、焦糖化和脂质降解反应,酯类、醛酮类和杂环类化合物的总含量明显升高,是形成栀子炭香气风味的重要物质基础。
结论
2
酯类、醛类和酮类化合物是栀子炭的主要挥发性成分,在炒炭过程中含量呈增加趋势,是栀子炭香气风味的重要来源,可为栀子炭挥发性成分的全面表征及气味成分的药效物质基础研究提供参考。
Objective
2
To explore the material connotation of the change of volatile components during the processing of Gardeniae Fructus Carbonisata(GFC) in order to provide data support for the characterization of volatile components and the material basis of odor components.
Methods
2
GFC decoction pieces were stir-fried at 300 ℃ and samples were taken for analysis at different time points, the volatile components during the processing of GFC were analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(HS-GC-IMS), and the volatile components were identified according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) 2020 database and the IMS database, the fingerprint of GFC samples with different processing degrees were compared by VoCal 04.07 software and Gallery Plot plug-in accompanying the instrument, and the differential components were analyzed. Then, SIMCA 14.1 software was used for chemometric analysis, and the top 20 volatile components were screened as the odor difference markers of GFC by the variable importance in the projection(VIP) value>1, and the changes of the key odors during the frying process of GFC were discussed in combination with the relative odor activity value(ROAV).
Results
2
A total of 172 volatile components were detected by HS-GC-IMS, and 124 compounds were identified according to the database, including 11 kinds of compounds such as alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, organic acids, esters, ethers, benzenes, terpenes, alkenes, alkanes, and heterocyclic compounds, etc. And esters, aldehydes and ketones were the main volatile components in GFC. Difference comparison diagram and fingerprint showed that there were large differences between GFC samples with different processing degrees, and the samples could be clearly distinguished from each other in terms of clustering, with aldehydes, ketones and heterocyclic compounds being produced in stages or newly generated during the processing. Combined with VIP value and ROAV value, it was found that the contents of compounds such as butyl butanoate[dimer(D)], propyl heptanolactone(D), 1,4-cineole, 2-hexanol, 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-2H-furan-5-one(D) were higher in the raw products, and the contents of carbonyl compounds such as furfural, 5-methyl furfural, 2,3-butanedione were gradually increased during the stir-frying process, and reached the maximum in stir-frying for 12 min, indicating that 12 min was the turning point of GFC processing, that was the moderate point. In the frying process, the flavor-contributing substances such as 3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde with onion, meaty and fruity odors increased. In the stage of GFC stir-frying, the Maillard reaction, caramelization and lipid degradation reaction mainly occurred, and the total content of esters, aldehydes, ketones and heterocyclic compounds increased significantly, which was the important material basis for the formation of GFC aroma flavor.
Conclusion
2
Esters, aldehydes and ketones are the main volatile components of GFC, and their contents show an increasing trend during the process of charcoal stir-frying, and they are the important source of GFC aroma flavor, which provides a reference for the comprehensive characterization of the volatile components in GFC and the research of pharmacological material basis of the odor components.
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