

浏览全部资源
扫码关注微信
1.湖北中医药大学 体育健康学院,武汉 430065
2.湖北时珍实验室,武汉 430065
3.湖北中医药大学 实验动物中心,武汉 430065
Received:13 June 2025,
Revised:2025-09-07,
Accepted:09 September 2025,
Online First:11 September 2025,
Published:20 April 2026
移动端阅览
唐琨洋,萧闵,江晓翠等.淫羊藿苷通过调钙质改善运动性疲劳模型小鼠精子发生的作用及机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(08):117-127.
TANG Kunyang,XIAO Min,JIANG Xiaocui,et al.Effect and Mechanism of Icariin on Improving Spermatogenesis in Exercise-induced Fatigue Model Mice Through Regucalcin[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(08):117-127.
唐琨洋,萧闵,江晓翠等.淫羊藿苷通过调钙质改善运动性疲劳模型小鼠精子发生的作用及机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(08):117-127. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20251744.
TANG Kunyang,XIAO Min,JIANG Xiaocui,et al.Effect and Mechanism of Icariin on Improving Spermatogenesis in Exercise-induced Fatigue Model Mice Through Regucalcin[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(08):117-127. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20251744.
目的
2
研究淫羊藿苷对运动性疲劳影响小鼠精子发生过程的作用并探讨有关的机制。
方法
2
将ICR雄性小鼠进行游泳筛选并随机分为正常组,模型组,维生素C组,淫羊藿苷低、中、高剂量组,淫羊藿苷中剂量+
N
-硝基-
L
-精氨酸甲酯(
L
-NAME)组,每组10只。除正常组外各组通过负重游泳训练建立运动性疲劳模型。负重训练前2周不进行灌胃处理,第3~4周淫羊藿苷低、中、高剂量组分别给予0.03、0.06、0.12 g·kg
-1
淫羊藿苷灌胃,维生素C组给予0.2 g·kg
-1
维生素C灌胃,
L
-NAME组给予0.06 g·kg
-1
淫羊藿苷灌胃和0.01 g·kg
-1
L
-NAMA腹腔注射,正常组和模型组灌服等量的生理盐水。实验结束后,记录各组小鼠体质量、末次力竭游泳时间;试剂盒检测各组小鼠血清尿素氮(BUN)、乳酸(LA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)、睾丸睾酮(T)、睾丸Ca
2+
/Mg
2+
-ATP酶(微量法)、睾丸环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)水平和流式细胞术检测精子CD46水平,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法观察睾丸生精小管并进行睾丸生精功能评分(TMS)评分;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测睾丸调钙质(RGN,SMP30)、环磷酸鸟苷依赖性蛋白激酶1(PKG)、环磷酸鸟苷依赖性蛋白激酶锚定蛋白(GKAP1)的蛋白表达;免疫荧光法(IF)检测睾丸Regucalcin的表达;显微镜下观察小鼠附睾精子质量;免疫组化(IHC)观察睾丸生精小管视黄酸刺激8(STRA8)、突触复合体蛋白3(SCP3)、过渡蛋白1(TNP1)荧光染色切片。
结果
2
与正常组比较,模型组小鼠体质量下降、游泳力竭时间显著降低(
P
<
0.01),疲劳标志物LA、LDH、BUN和脂质过氧化产物MDA水平显著升高(
P
<
0.01),睾丸组织RGN、PKG、GKAP1、睾酮、Ca
2+
/Mg
2+
-ATP酶、cGMP水平显著下降(
P
<
0.01),精子活力降低、精子数量减少、TMS评分下降,STRA8、SCP3、TNP1表达减少;与模型组比较,淫羊藿苷高剂量组游泳力竭时间显著增加(
P
<
0.01),LA、LDH、BUN、MDA水平显著下降(
P
<
0.01),SOD水平显著升高(
P
<
0.01),睾丸组织RGN、PKG、GKAP1、睾酮、Ca
2+
/Mg
2+
-ATP酶、cGMP水平显著升高(
P
<
0.01),精子活力升高、精子数量增加、TMS评分上升,STRA8、SCP3、TNP1表达增多;与
L
-NAME组比较,淫羊藿
苷中剂量组睾丸组织STRA8、SCP3、TNP1表达显著增加(
P
<
0.01),cGMP、GKAP1水平显著升高(
P
<
0.01)。
结论
2
运动性疲劳使得小鼠RGN和cGMP/PKG/GKAP1信号通路蛋白表达减少,并经由这一途径导致小鼠精子发生出现异常,影响生殖功能;淫羊藿苷通过促进RGN和cGMP/PKG/GKAP1信号通路蛋白表达进而改善运动性疲劳小鼠精子发生障碍,缓解运动性疲劳对生殖系统的损伤。
Objective
2
This paper aims to investigate the effects of icariin on spermatogenesis in mice with exercise-induced fatigue and explore the underlying mechanisms.
Methods
2
ICR male mice were screened by swimming and randomly divided into normal group, model group, vitamin C group, icariin groups with low, medium, and high doses, and medium-dose icariin+
N
-nitro-
L
-arginine methyl ester (
L
-NAME) group, with 10 mice per group. Except for the normal group, all the other groups underwent weighted swimming training to establish an exercise-induced fatigue model. No gavage was administered during the first two weeks of the weighted training. From week three to four, the icariin groups with low, medium, and high doses received 0.03, 0.06, and 0.12 g·kg
-1
icariin via gavage, respectively. The vitamin C group received 0.2 g·kg
-1
vitamin C. The
L
-NAME group received 0.06 g·kg
-1
icariin and 0.01 g·kg
-1
L
-NAME via intraperitoneal injection. The normal and model groups received equivalent physiological saline. After the experiment, body weight and the last exhaustive swimming time were recorded. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate (LA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), testicular testosterone (T), testicular Ca
2+
/Mg
2+
-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) (micro-assay), and the levels of testicular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured by using kits. Sperm CD46 levels were detected by flow cytometry. Testicular seminiferous tubules were observed via hematoxylin
-eosin (HE) staining, and the testicular morphometric score (TMS) was used to evaluate the spermatogenic function. Protein expression of regucalcin (RGN, SMP30), cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PKG), and cGMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein (GKAP1) was detected by Western blot. Testicular regucalcin expression was examined by immunofluorescence (IF). The epididymal sperm quality of mice was observed under a microscope. Fluorescence-stained sections of stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (STRA8), synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SCP3), and transition protein 1(TNP1) in testicular seminiferous tubules were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Results
2
Compared with the normal group, the model group showed decreased body weight and exhaustive swimming time (
P
<
0.01), significantly increased fatigue markers (LA, LDH, and BUN) and lipid peroxidation product MDA (
P
<
0.01), reduced testicular RGN, PKG, GKAP1, testosterone, Ca
2+
/Mg
2+
-ATPase, and cGMP levels (
P
<
0.01), decreased sperm motility, sperm count, and TMS scores, and downregulated the expression of STRA8, SCP3, and TNP1. Compared with the model group, the icariin group with high dose exhibited increased exhaustive swimming time (
P
<
0.01), reduced LA, LDH, BUN, and MDA levels (
P
<
0.01), elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) (
P
<
0.01), upregulated testicular RGN, PKG, GKAP1, testosterone, Ca
2+
/Mg
2+
-ATPase, and cGMP levels (
P
<
0.01), improved sperm motility, sperm count, and TMS scores, and enhanced STRA8, SCP3, and TNP1 expression. Compared with the
L
-NAME group, the icariin group with medium dose showed increased expression of STRA8, SCP3, and TNP1 in the testicular tissue (
P
<
0.01) and elevated cGMP and GKAP1 levels (
P
<
0.01).
Conclusion
2
Exercise-induced fatigue reduces the expression of RGN and cGMP/PKG/GKAP1 in mice, thereby causing abnormal spermatogenesis and impairing reproductive function in mice. Icariin ameliorates spermatogenic dysfunction in exercise-induced fatigue mice by promoting the expression of RGN and cGMP/PKG/GKAP1, thereby mitigating the damage of exercise-induced fatigue to the reproductive system.
TORNERO-AGUILERA J F , JIMENEZ-MORCILLO J , RUBIO-ZARAPUZ A , et al . Central and peripheral fatigue in physical exercise explained:A narrative review [J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health , 2022 , 19 ( 7 ): 3909 .
YOSHIDA N , HORNSBY W G , SOLE C J , et al . Effect of neuromuscular fatigue on the Countermovement Jump characteristics:Basketball-related high-intensity exercises [J]. J Strength Cond Res , 2024 , 38 ( 1 ): 164 - 173 .
CREWTHER B T , HECHT M , GRILLOT R L , et al . Day-to-day coordination of the stress and reproductive axes:A continuous-time analysis of within-person testosterone and cortisol relationships in athletic and healthy men [J]. Physiol Behav , 2023 , 263 : 114104 .
SHARMA S , PEI X , XING F , et al . Regucalcin promotes dormancy of prostate cancer [J]. Oncogene , 2021 , 40 ( 5 ): 1012 - 1026 .
WANG H , WANG G , DAI Y , et al . Functional role of GKAP1 in the regulation of male germ cell spontaneous apoptosis and sperm number [J]. Mol Reprod Dev , 2019 , 86 ( 9 ): 1199 - 1209 .
YUASA K , OMORI K , YANAKA N . Binding and phosphorylation of a novel male germ cell-specific cGMP-dependent protein kinase-anchoring protein by cGMP-dependent protein kinase ialpha [J]. J Biol Chem , 2000 , 275 ( 7 ): 4897 - 4905 .
DUDA T , SHARMA R K . Multilimbed membrane guanylate cyclase signaling system,evolutionary ladder [J]. Front Mol Neurosci , 2022 , 15 : 1022771 .
CUPKA M , SEDLIAK M . Hungry runners - low energy availability in male endurance athletes and its impact on performance and testosterone:Mini-review [J]. Eur J Transl Myol , 2023 , 33 ( 2 ): 11104 .
LUO X , LIU W , ZHENG B , et al . Sea cucumber peptides positively regulate sexual hormones in male mice with acute exhaustive swimming:Possibly through the Ca 2+ /PKA signaling pathway [J]. Food Funct , 2023 , 14 ( 22 ): 10188 - 10203 .
TONG X , WANG Y , DONG B , et al . Effects of genus Epimedium in the treatment of osteoarthritis and relevant signaling pathways [J]. Chin Med , 2023 , 18 ( 1 ): 92 .
邹悦 , 萧闵 , 孟宇豪 , 等 . 基于p38 MAPK/NF- κ B信号通路探讨淫羊藿多糖对运动性疲劳小鼠的影响及作用机制 [J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志 , 2024 , 30 ( 10 ): 20 - 28 .
ZOU Y , XIAO M , MENG Y H , et al . Effects and mechanism of Epimedium polysaccharide on exercise-induced fatigue in mice based on p38 MAPK/NF- κ B signaling pathway [J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form , 2024 , 30 ( 10 ): 20 - 28 .
SUN J , XU W , ZHENG S , et al . Icariin promotes mouse Leydig cell testosterone synthesis via the Esr1/Src/Akt/CREB/Sf-1 pathway [J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 2022 , 441 : 115969 .
ORHAN I E , RAUF A , SALEEM M , et al . Natural molecules as talented inhibitors of nucleotide pyrophosphatases/ phosphodiesterases (PDEs) [J]. Curr Top Med Chem , 2022 , 22 ( 3 ): 209 - 228 .
WISANWATTANA W , WONGKRAJANG K , CAO D Y , et al . Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 promotes the aromatase-mediated estrogen biosynthesis in osteoblastic cells by activation of cGMP/PKG/SHP2 pathway [J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) , 2021 , 12 : 636784 .
王瑞雯 , 白亚楠 , 史海龙 , 等 . 淫羊藿苷对东莨菪碱致小鼠认知障碍及海马神经元兴奋性的作用 [J]. 中成药 , 2023 , 45 ( 4 ): 1114 - 1119 .
WANG R W , BAI Y N , SHI H L , et al . Effects of icariin on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal excitability in mice [J]. Chin Tradit Pat Med , 2023 , 45 ( 4 ): 1114 - 1119 .
关阳 , 戴炜 , 修雪婧 , 等 . 维生素对运动性疲劳影响的研究进展 [J]. 中国食物与营养 , 2023 , 29 ( 7 ): 57 - 61 .
GUAN Y , DAI W , XIU X J , et al . Research progress on the effects of vitamins on exercise-induced fatigue [J]. Food Nutr China , 2023 , 29 ( 7 ): 57 - 61 .
CHEN S , WANG Q , BAKKER D , et al . Empagliflozin prevents heart failure through inhibition of the NHE1-NO pathway,independent of SGLT2 [J]. Basic Res Cardio , 2024 , 119 ( 5 ): 751 - 772 .
HUSSAIN S , BAHADAR H , KHAN M I , et al . Modulation of oxidative stress/NMDA/nitric oxide pathway by topiramate attenuates morphine dependence in mice [J]. Heliyon , 2024 , 10 ( 23 ): e40584 .
BAI L , TAN C , REN J , et al . Cordyceps militaris acidic polysaccharides improve learning and memory impairment in mice with exercise fatigue through the PI3K/Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway [J]. Int J Biol Macromol , 2023 , 227 : 158 - 172 .
孔海军 , 李赵越 , 周霞 , 等 . 低氧预处理通过调控PKA/CREB及JAK1/STATA3信号通路减轻低氧暴露力竭运动小鼠心肌损伤 [J]. 航天医学与医学工程 , 2020 , 33 ( 6 ): 484 - 490 .
KONG H J , LI Z Y , ZHOU X , et al . Hypoxic preconditioning alleviates myocardial injury in mice exposed to hypoxic exhaustive exercise by regulating PKA/CREB and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways [J]. Space Med Med Eng , 2020 , 33 ( 6 ): 484 - 490 .
江晓翠 , 田代志 , 刘祺 , 等 . 参苓白术散调节Nrf2/ARE通路改善高尿酸血症型少弱精子症小鼠的生精功能 [J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志 , 2023 , 29 ( 15 ): 22 - 30 .
JIANG X C , TIAN D Z , LIU Q , et al . Shenling Baizhu San regulates Nrf2/ARE pathway to improve spermatogenic function in mice with hyperuricemia-induced oligoasthenospermia [J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form , 2023 , 29 ( 15 ): 22 - 30 .
陈曙辉 , 萧闵 , 姜兴宇 , 等 . 疏肝补肾毓麟汤通过PINK1/Parkin通路调控自噬流提高精子活力的研究 [J]. 中华中医药学刊 , 2024 , 42 ( 3 ):178-83, 280 - 282 .
CHEN S H , XIAO M , JIANG X Y , et al . Shugan Bushen Yulin decoction improves sperm motility by regulating autophagy flux via the PINK1/Parkin pathway [J]. Chin Arch Tradit Chin Med , 2024 , 42 ( 3 ):178-183, 280 - 282 .
江晓翠 , 萧闵 , 刘祺 , 等 . 淫羊藿苷调控P53/SLC7A11/GPX4通路抑制睾丸细胞铁死亡改善少弱精子症小鼠生精功能 [J]. 中国中西医结合杂志 , 2024 , 44 ( 11 ): 1372 - 1379 .
JIANG X C , XIAO M , LIU Q , et al . Icariin inhibits testicular cell ferroptosis via the P53/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway to improve spermatogenic function in mice with oligoasthenospermia [J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med , 2024 , 44 ( 11 ): 1372 - 1379 .
刘轶群 , 萧闵 , 江晓翠 , 等 . 疏肝补肾毓麟汤通过IRS/Akt/FoxO1信号通路改善弱精子症大鼠睾丸生精功能的作用机制 [J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志 , 2025 , 31 ( 14 ): 76 - 85 .
LIU Y Q , XIAO M , JIANG X C , et al . Mechanism of Shugan Bushen Yulin decoction in improving testicular spermatogenic function in rats with asthenospermia via the IRS/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway [J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form , 2025 , 31 ( 14 ): 76 - 85 .
余何 , 萧闵 , 江晓翠 , 等 . 基于细胞间连接探讨左归丸对先天肾虚仔鼠皮肤屏障发育的影响 [J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志 , 2025 , 31 ( 13 ): 11 - 18 .
YU H , XIAO M , JIANG X C , et al . Effects of Zuogui pill on skin barrier development in congenital kidney deficiency offspring mice based on intercellular junctions [J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form , 2025 , 31 ( 13 ): 11 - 18 .
FESTA F , MEDORI S , MACRÌ M . Move your body,boost your brain:The positive impact of physical activity on cognition across all age groups [J]. Biomedicines , 2023 , 11 ( 6 ): 1765 .
ROGERS D R , LAWLOR D J , MOELLER J L . Vitamin C supplementation and athletic performance:A review [J]. Curr Sports Med Rep , 2023 , 22 ( 7 ): 255 - 259 .
ZHAO Z M , MEI S , ZHENG Q Y , et al . Melatonin or vitamin C attenuates lead acetate-induced testicular oxidative and inflammatory damage in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated NF- κ B signaling [J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf , 2023 , 264 : 115481 .
LYKKESFELDT J , CARR A C . Vitamin C-a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 [J]. Food Nutr Res , 2023 , doi: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10300 http://dx.doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.10300 .
LUO M , ZHUGE X , JI L , et al . Icariin ameliorates spermatogenesis disorder in obese mice induced by high-fat diet through regulating the glycolytic pathway [J]. Mol Nutr Food Res , 2023 , 67 ( 13 ): e2200524 .
李莉 , 王嘉瑞 , 王晶 , 等 . 淫羊藿的主要化学成分、药理作用研究进展及质量标志物的预测分析 [J]. 中华中医药学刊 , 2023 , 41 ( 11 ): 143 - 151 .
LI L , WANG J R , WANG J , et al . Research progress on main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Epimedium and predictive analysis of its quality markers [J]. Chin Arch Tradit Chin Med , 2023 , 41 ( 11 ): 143 - 151 .
ZHU D Y , LOU Y J . Icariin-mediated expression of cardiac genes and modulation of nitric oxide signaling pathway during differentiation of mouse embryonic ste m cells into cardiomyocytes in vitro [J]. Acta Pharmacol Sin , 2006 , 27 ( 3 ): 311 - 320 .
ZHENG X X , CHEN Y W , YUE Y S , et al . Icariin ameliorates learning and memory impairments through ERK/CaMKII α /CREB signaling and HPA axis in prenatally stressed female offspring [J]. Biomed Pharmacother , 2019 , 117 : 109077 .
WU D , ZHANG K , KHAN F A , et al . The emerging era of lactate:A rising star in cellular signaling and its regulatory mechanisms [J]. J Cell Biochem , 2023 , 124 ( 8 ): 1067 - 1081 .
ZHOU Y , QI M , YANG M . Current status and future perspectives of lactate dehydrogenase detection and medical implications:A review [J]. Biosensors (Basel) , 2022 , 12 ( 12 ): 1145 .
JAGURI A , AL THANI A A , ELRAYESS M A . Exercise metabolome:Insights for health and performance [J]. Metabolites , 2023 , 13 ( 6 ): 694 .
POWERS S K , DEMINICE R , OZDEMIR M , et al . Exercise-induced oxidative stress:Friend or foe? [J]. J Sport Health Sci , 2020 , 9 ( 5 ): 415 - 425 .
YOSHIKAWA T , YOU F . Oxidative stress and bio-regulation [J]. Int J Mol Sci , 2024 , 25 ( 6 ): 3360 .
DIXON S J , OLZMANN J A . The cell biology of ferroptosis [J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , 2024 , 25 ( 6 ): 424 - 442 .
DE TONI L , COSCI I , SABOVIC I , et al . Membrane cholesterol inhibits progesterone-mediated sperm function through the possible involvement of ABHD2 [J]. Int J Mol Sci , 2023 , 24 ( 11 ): 9254 .
SUN L , LYU Z , CHEN X , et al . Splicing factor SRSF1 is essential for homing of precursor spermatogonial stem cells in mice [J]. eLife , 2024 , doi: 10.7554/eLife.89316 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.89316 .
WANG Y , WU Y , ZHANG S . Impact of bisphenol-A on the spliceosome and meiosis of sperm in the testis of adolescent mice [J]. BMC Vet Res , 2022 , 18 ( 1 ): 278 .
DONG J , DONG Y , CHEN H , et al . Ursonic acid attenuates spermatogenesis in oligozoospermia mice through inhibiting ferroptosis [J]. Bioorg Chem , 2024 , 144 : 107174 .
李波 , 安睿 , 王新宏 . 淫羊藿苷和补肾复方对肾阳虚大鼠下丘脑CRH基因和垂体POMC基因表达的影响 [J]. 中成药 , 2008 , 30 ( 1 ): 132 - 134 .
LI B , AN R , WANG X H . Effects of icariin and kidney-tonifying compound on the expression of CRH gene in hypothalamus and POMC gene in pituitary of kidney-Yang deficient rats [J]. Chin Tradit Pat Med , 2008 , 30 ( 1 ): 13213 - 13214 .
ZHANG Z B , YANG Q T . The testosterone mimetic properties of icariin [J]. Asian J Androl , 2006 , 8 ( 5 ): 601 - 605 .
MAHDIREJEI H A , PEERI M , AZARBAYJANI M A , et al . Fluoxetine combined with swimming exercise synergistically reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior by normalizing the HPA axis and brain inflammation in mice [J]. Pharmacol Biochem Behav , 2023 , 232 : 173640 .
STOCKS B T , OPPENHEIMER A G , CAMPBELL K J , et al . Optimal restoration of spermatogenesis after testosterone therapy using human chorionic gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone [J]. Fertil Steril , 2025 , 123 ( 4 ): 607 - 615 .
DANISH M , AHMAD R . Functional pleiotropy of calcium binding protein regucalcin in signaling and diseases [J]. Cell Signal , 2023 , 102 : 110533 .
AL-ALI H , BAIG A , ALKHANJARI R R , et al . Septins as key players in spermatogenesis,fertilisation and pre-implantation embryogenic cytoplasmic dynamics [J]. Cell Commun Signal:CCS , 2024 , 22 ( 1 ): 523 .
ZHAI S , OTSUKA S , XU J , et al . Ca 2+ -dependent phosphodiesterase 1 regulates the plasticity of striatal spiny projection neuron glutamatergic synapses [J]. Cell Rep , 2024 , 43 ( 8 ): 114540 .
WU K , MEI C , CHEN Y , et al . C-type natriuretic peptide regulates sperm capacitation by the cGMP/PKG signalling pathway via Ca 2+ influx and tyrosine phosphorylation [J]. Reprod Biomed Online , 2019 , 38 ( 3 ): 289 - 299 .
ZHANG J , LV C , YU Z , et al . Step-wise reproductive toxicities of imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids on Caenorhabditis elegans [J]. J Hazard Mater , 2024 , 480 : 136458 .
0
Views
3
下载量
0
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010802024621