最新刊期
卷 29 ， 期 18 ， 2023
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang （GQT） in improving ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver of db/db mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） by regulating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）-forkhead box O3a （FoxO3a） autophagy axis， to provide a scientific basis for clarifying the hypoglycemic mechanism of GQT and its clinical application.MethodSeventy-five spontaneous T2DM db/db mice and 15 normal db/m mice were selected and maintained on a regular diet for one week， followed by the measurement of blood glucose. They were then randomly divided into six groups， with 15 mice in each group， including normal group （0.2 g·kg-1 saline）， metformin group （0.2 g·kg-1）， high-， medium， and low-dose GQT group （31.9， 19.1， 6.9 g·kg-1）， and model group （0.2 g·kg-1 saline）. The mice were orally administered the corresponding drugs once daily for 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose （FBG） and glycated hemoglobin （HbA1c） were detected. Fasting insulin （FINS） and free fatty acid （FFA） levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Pathological changes in liver tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The protein expression levels of phosphorylated （p）-AMPK， p-FoxO3a， and autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ （LC3Ⅱ） and p62 were detected using Western blot. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） in liver tissues. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was performed to detect the mRNA expression of AMPK， FoxO3a， and LC3 in liver tissues.ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed pathological changes in liver tissues， increased FBG， HbA1c， FINS， and FFA levels （P<0.01）， increased protein expression levels of p-AMPK， p62， and HIF-1α， decreased protein expression levels of p-FoxO3a and LC3Ⅱ in liver tissues （P<0.01）， decreased mRNA expression of AMPK， and increased expression of FoxO3a （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the treatment groups showed relieved liver tissue lesions and decreased FBG， HbA1c， FINS， and FFA levels （P<0.01）. The expression of p-AMPK， p62， and HIF-1α increased， while the expression of p-FoxO3a showed a dose-dependent decrease in the high-dose GQT group. The expression of LC3Ⅱ increased in the metformin group and the high-dose GQT group （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of AMPK showed a dose-dependent increase， and the expression of FoxO3a showed a dose-dependent decrease in the treatment groups （P<0.01）.ConclusionGQT can improve ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver of T2DM db/db mice， which may be related to the regulation of the AMPK-FoxO3a autophagy axis.关键词：Gegen Qinliantang;type 2 diabetes mellitus;adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）-forkhead box O3a （FoxO3a） autophagy axis;ectopic lipid accumulation
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang （ZXGT） on isoproterenol （ISO）-induced myocardial infarction （MI） in rats through the tumor necrosis factor/nuclear factor-κB （TNF/NF-κB） signaling pathway.MethodForty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into control group （blank）， model group， perindopril group （4 mg·kg-1）， ZXGT group （24.4 g·kg-1）， ZXGT +inhibitor group （ZXGT， 24.4 g·kg-1， TNF-α receptor inhibitor R7050， 5 mg·kg-1）， and an inhibitor group （R7050， 5 mg·kg-1）， with eight rats in each group. The rats in each group were orally administered with their respective drugs for 7 days. Additionally， in the ZXGT + inhibitor group and the inhibitor group， R7050 was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg·kg-1 on the 6th and 7th days. Except for the control group， all other groups were given intraperitoneal injections of ISO for 2 consecutive days to induce MI in rats. On the 7th day of the experiment， the rats were anesthetized 30 min after ISO injection， and their electrocardiograms （ECGs） were recorded to observe ST-segment elevation. Small animal echocardiography was used to measure global longitudinal strain （GLS） and cardiac synchrony. Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta to measure the levels of serum cardiac troponin T （cTnT）， creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β）. Histopathological changes in myocardial tissue were observed using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the expression of TNF-α， NF-κB p65， and p-NF-κB p65 proteins in myocardial tissue. Western blot was performed to measure the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 （TNFR1）， tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 （TRAF2）， transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 （TAK1）， NF-κB inhibitory protein alpha （IκBα）， phosphorylated （p）-IκBα， NF-κB p65， and p-NF-κB p65 proteins in myocardial tissue.ResultCompared with the control group， the model group showed significant ST segment elevation on the ECG （P<0.01）， increased GLS， and reduced cardiac synchrony on echocardiography （P<0.01）. Histopathological examination revealed extensive myocardial necrosis. Furthermore， the serum levels of cTnT， CK-MB， LDH， TNF-α， and IL-1β were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the expression levels of TNF-α， TNFR1， TRAF2， TAK1， p-IκBα， and p-NF-κB p65 proteins in myocardial tissue were significantly elevated （P<0.01）， while the expression level of IκBα was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the perindopril group， the ZXGT group， the ZXGT + inhibitor group， and the inhibitor group rats showed a significant reduction in ST-segment elevation on the ECG （P<0.05， P<0.01）， improvement in GLS and cardiac synchrony （P<0.05， P<0.01）， a decrease in the area of myocardial necrosis， and reduced serum levels of cTnT， CK-MB， LDH， TNF-α， and IL-1β （P<0.01）. Additionally， the ZXGT group， the ZXGT + inhibitor group， and the inhibitor group downregulated the increased TNF-α， TNFR1， TRAF2， TAK1， p-IκBα， and p-NF-κB p65 protein expression levels and upregulated IκBα expression levels in the myocardial tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. No significant differences were observed between the ZXGT group and the ZXGT + inhibitor group or the inhibitor group.ConclusionZXGT can protect against ISO-induced myocardial injury in rats and improve cardiac function， and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the TNF/NF-κB signaling pathway.关键词：Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang;myocardial infarction;tumor necrosis factor/nuclear factor-κB（TNF/NF-κB） pathway;inflammation
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Geju Hugan tablets on the liver of mice with alcohol-induced liver injury， and explore the underlying mechanism based on nuclear factor-κB p65 （NF-κB p65） and B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）/Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） signaling pathways.MethodAccording to the body weight， 60 SPF-grade male ICR mice were randomized into normal， model， Compound Yiganling tablets （0.16 g·kg-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （0.2， 0.4， 0.8 g·kg-1， respectively） Geju Hugan tablets groups. The drugs were administrated at the corresponding doses by gavage， and the normal and model groups with equal volume of pure water once a day for 28 consecutive days. On day 29， the mice in other groups except the normal group were administrated with liquor （53% Vol） by gavage twice a day at the doses of 20， 10 mL·kg-1 and with the interval of 6 h. Samples were harvested on day 30. The histopathological changes in the liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the levels of malonaldehyde （MDA）， reduced glutathione （GSH）， and triglycerides （TG） in the liver tissue and the levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in the serum. Western blotting was employed to determine the protein levels of NF-κB p65， phosphorylated p-inhibitor kappa B alpha （p-IκBα）， Bcl-2， and Bax in the liver tissue.ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed increases in the ALT， AST， MDA， and TG levels， a decrease in the GSH level， and increases in the liver injury scores evaluated based on the HE， oil red O， and transmission electron microscopy （P<0.01）. Moreover， the model group showed up-regulated expression of NF-κB， p-IκBα， and Bax （P<0.05， P<0.01） and down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 （P<0.05） in the liver tissue. Compared with the model group， Geju Hugan tablets of all the doses lowered the ALT， AST， MDA， and TG levels and elevated the GSH level （P<0.01）. The liver injury scores assessed based on HE staining and transmission electron microscopy in the medium- and high-dose Geju Hugan tablets groups were lower than those in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， medium- and high-dose Geju Hugan tablets down-regulated the protein levels of NF-κB， p-IκBα， and Bax （P<0.01） and all doses of Geju Hugan tablets up-regulated the protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）.ConclusionGeju Hugan tablets protect mice from alcohol-induced liver injury by down-regulating NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate inflammation in the liver tissue and down-regulating the expression of Bax and up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 to inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis.关键词：Puerariae Lobatae Radix;Chrysanthemi Flos;alcohol-induced liver injury;nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway;B-cell lymphoma-2（Bcl-2）;Bcl-2-associated X（Bax）
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of Gandou Fumu decoction （GDFMT） on renal fibrosis in a mouse model of Wilson's disease.MethodSixty adult male toxic milk （TX） mice were randomly divided into a model group， high-， medium-， and low-dose GDFMT groups， and a positive control （penicillamine） group， and another 12 wild-type mice were assigned to the normal group. The high-， medium-， and low-dose GDFMT groups were administered GDFMT at 13.92， 6.96， 3.48 g·kg-1， respectively， and the positive control group received penicillamine at 0.1 g·kg-1， while the model and normal groups were given an equal volume of 0.9% saline solution by gavage once a day for 4 consecutive weeks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the levels of blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， creatinine （CRE）， type Ⅲ procollagen （PC-Ⅲ）， and type Ⅳ collagen （C-Ⅳ） in the serum. Histological changes in the mouse kidneys were examined by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson's trichrome staining. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the protein expression of leptin， Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）， and signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） in renal cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was performed to analyze the mRNA expression levels of leptin， leptin receptor（OB-R）， JAK2， and STAT. Western blot was used to detect the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）.ResultCompared with the normal group， the model mice exhibited a significant increase in BUN， CRE， PC-Ⅲ， and C-Ⅳ levels （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high- and medium-dose GDFMT groups and the penicillamine groups showed significant decreases in these parameters （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with the high-dose GDFMT group demonstrating the most significant reduction （P<0.01）. The histological examination of renal tissue revealed fibrosis in the model group， while the fibrotic damage was mitigated to varying degrees after drug intervention， with improvement in fibrosis. Immunofluorescence results showed that leptin， JAK2， and STAT3 protein expression levels were significantly upregulated in the renal fibrosis of the model group. After GDFMT intervention， the fluorescence intensity decreased， with the high-dose GDFMT group showing the lowest intensity. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that leptin， OB-R， JAK2， and STAT3 mRNA expression levels were significantly elevated in the model group compared with those in the normal group， while the high- and medium-dose GDFMT groups and the penicillamine group showed significant reductions in their expression levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Western blot analysis revealed that TGF-β1 and MCP-1 expression levels were significantly increased in the model group （P<0.01）， and the high- and medium-dose GDFMT groups exhibited significant reductions in their expression levels （P<0.01）.ConclusionGDFMT can alleviate renal fibrosis damage in TX mice， and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of leptin and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.关键词：Gandou Fumu decoction;Wilson's disease;toxic milk （TX） mice;renal fibrosis;Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT）
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Bushen Jianpi Jiedu Liyan formula on the expression of integrin alpha 4 beta 1 （α4 β1）， vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （VCAM-1）， stromal-derived factor-1 （SDF-1）， and chemokine receptor-4 （CXCR4） in the small intestine and bone marrow of the rat model of immunoglobulin A（IgA） nephropathy.MethodA total of 120 male SD rats were used to establish the IgA nephropathy model by intragastric administration of bovine serum albumin （BSA）， subcutaneous injection of CCl4， and tail vein injection of lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. The successfully modeled rats were randomized into blank， model， lotensin （63 mg·kg-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （10.4， 20.81， 41.62 g·kg-1， respectively） Bushen Jianpi Jiedu Liyan formula groups （n=16）. The rats were treated with corresponding drugs according to their body weight. After 7 weeks of administration， the rats were sacrificed for the collection of samples， and the protein and mRNA levels of α4 β1， VCAM-1， SDF-1， and CXCR4 in the small intestine and bone marrow were determined by immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction， respectively.ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed increased red blood cell count in the urine at the 10th， 12th， 14th， 16th weeks （P<0.01）， and such increases were reduced in the drug intervention groups （P<0.05）， especially in the medium-dose Bushen Jianpi Jiedu Liyan formula group （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the blank group， the protein levels of α4 β1， VCAM-1， SDF-1， and CXCR4 in the intestinal lamina propria in the model group were up-regulated （P<0.05）， and such un-regulations were inhibited in the drug intervention groups （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， medium-dose Bushen Jianpi Jiedu Liyan formula down-regulated the protein levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in the intestinal lamina propria （P<0.05）. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed down-regulated mRNA levels of α4 β1 and SDF-1 and up-regulated mRNA levels of VCAM-1 and CXCR4 （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the drug intervention groups showed down-regulated mRNA levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 （P<0.05）.ConclusionBushen Jianpi Jiedu Liyan formula regulates the expression of α4 β1， VCAM-1， SDF-1， and CXCR4 in the intestinal lamina propria to inhibit the homing effect of plasma cells， which may be associated with the Toll-like receptor-mediated activation of immune response. Bushen Jianpi Jiedu Liyan formula can down-regulate the expression of adhesion molecules to inhibit the proliferation of plasmocytes in circulation， so as to reduce the renal injury of IgA nephropathy.关键词：Bushen Jianpi Jiedu Liyan formula;immunoglobulin A（IgA） nephropathy;integrin alpha 4 beta 1 （α4 β1）;vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （VCAM-1）;stromal-derived factor-1 （SDF-1）;chemokine receptor-4 （CXCR4）
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo compare and observe the effect of Reduning injection （mainly clearing heat）， Shenfu injection （mainly warming Yang） combined with gefitinib on the proliferation， apoptosis， stemness characteristics and metabolism of lung cancer cells.MethodDifferent non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） cell lines were selected and intervened with gefitinib （5， 10， 20 μmol·L-1）， Reduning injection （0.6%， 0.9%）， Shenfu injection （0.6%， 0.9%）， gefitinib combined with Reduning injection， and gefitinib combined with Shenfu injection. Cell proliferation in each group was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay， and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expressions of lung cancer stem cell markers sex determining region Y-box 2 （Sox2） and aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1 （ALDH1A1） were determind by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. The redox ratio of lung cancer cells was observed by femtosecond label-free imaging （FLI） and energy metabolism instrument was used to determine the glycolysis level in cells.ResultCompared with the blank group， Reduning injection reduced the survival rate of lung cancer cells （P<0.05）， increased the apoptosis rate （P<0.05）， down-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of Sox2 and ALDH1A1 （P<0.05）， and up-regulated the redox ratio of cells （P<0.05）， while Shenfu injection exerted no remarkable effect on the above indexes. In addition， compared with gefitinib alone， Reduning injection combined with gefitinib inhibited the survival rate of lung cancer cells （P<0.05）， promoted the cell apoptosis （P<0.05）， down-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of Sox2 and ALDH1A1 （P<0.05）， up-regulated the redox ratio of cells （P<0.05）， and lowered the proton efflux rate of glycolysis （P<0.05）， while Shenfu injection combined with gefitinib failed to affect these indexes of lung cancer cells significantly.ConclusionReduning injection may inhibit stemness characteristics of tumor cells by regulating their metabolism to enhance the proliferation-inhibiting and pro-apoptotic effects of gefitinib on lung cancer cells， while Shenfu injection had no significant enhancing effect on gefitinib. This indicates that epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors （EGFR-TKIs） should be used in combination with heat-clearing Chinese medicines.关键词：Reduning injection;Shenfu Injection;Gefitinib;non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）;stemness characteristics;metabolism
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发布时间：2023-08-22 -
Mechanism of Huashi Baidu Prescription in Treating Influenza Viral Pneumonia Based on Transcriptome 增强出版
摘要：ObjectiveTo clarify the therapeutic effect of Huashi Baidu prescription on pneumonia in mice caused by influenza A （H1N1） virus and explore its mechanism based on the transcriptome.MethodA mouse influenza viral pneumonia model was built by intranasal infection with influenza A virus， and mice were continuously administered the drug for five days， so as to investigate the general condition， lung index， viral load， pathological morphology of lung tissue， survival time， and prolongation rate of survival time of mice and clarify the therapeutic effect of Huashi Baidu prescription on influenza viral pneumonia. Transcriptome technology was used to detect the differentially expressed genes in the lung tissue of mice in the model group and the normal group， as well as the Huashi Baidu prescription group and the model group， and the potential core target of the Huashi Baidu prescription for the treatment of influenza viral pneumonia was screened. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to verify the effect of Huashi Baidu prescription on the mRNA expression level of core target genes.ResultCompared with the normal group， the lung index and viral load in the lung tissue of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high-dose group of Huashi Baidu prescription significantly prolonged the survival time of mice infected with influenza A virus （P<0.05） and significantly reduced the lung index value of mice （P<0.05） and the viral load of lung tissue. The high-dose， medium-dose， and low-dose groups of Huashi Baidu prescription could significantly reduce lung tissue inflammation， blood stasis， swelling， and other pathological changes in mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Transcriptome analysis of lung tissue showed that core genes were mainly enriched in the nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway， interleukin-17 （IL-17） signaling pathway， cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction， and other pathways after the intervention of Huashi Baidu prescription. TRAF6， NFKBIA， CCL2， CCL7， and CXCL2 were the top five node genes with combined score values. Real-time PCR validation showed that Huashi Baidu prescription significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of key genes TRAF6 and NFKBIA in the NF-κB signaling pathway， as well as chemokines CCL2， CCL7， and CXCL2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionHuashi Baidu prescription has a therapeutic effect on influenza viral pneumonia， possibly by inhibiting the expression of key nodes TRAF6 and NFKBIA in the NF-κB signaling pathway and that of chemokines CCL2， CCL7， and CXCL2， reducing the recruitment of inflammatory cells and viral load， and exerting anti-influenza viral pneumonia effects.关键词：influenza A virus;Huashi Baidu prescription;viral load;transcriptome sequencing;differentially expressed genes- 56
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the regulatory effect and molecular mechanism of berberine （BBR） on lipophagy in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic （AS） lesions in mice.MethodFifty apolipoprotein E-knockout （ApoE-/-） mice were randomly divided into an AS model group， an atorvastatin group （5 mg·kg-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose BBR groups （2.5， 5， 10 mg·kg-1）. Ten C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the control group. After 12 weeks， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and oil red O staining were performed to assess the histopathological changes of AS plaques in the aorta. Biochemical analysis was used to measure serum lipid levels， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， oxidative stress marker reactive oxygen species （ROS）， and serum lipophagy marker Beclin1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ （LC3Ⅱ）. The xanthine oxidase method was used to measure serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the distribution of wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5a （Wnt5a） and Nieman Pick type C1 （NPC1） in the aorta， and Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of Wnt5a and NPC1 in the aorta.ResultCompared with the control group， the AS model group showed significant AS plaque formation， significantly elevated levels of serum total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， IL-6， TNF-α， and ROS， aortic Wnt5a distribution and protein expression （P<0.01）， and significantly reduced levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， SOD， Beclin1， LC3Ⅱ， and aortic NPC1 distribution and protein expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the AS model group， the atorvastatin group， and high- and medium-dose BBR groups showed a significant reduction in AS plaque area （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly decreased levels of serum TC， TG， LDL-C， IL-6， TNF-α， ROS， and aortic Wnt5a distribution and protein expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and significantly increased levels of serum HDL-C， SOD， Beclin1， LC3Ⅱ， and aortic NPC1 distribution and protein expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in the above indicators between the atorvastatin group and the medium-dose BBR group.ConclusionBBR can competitively bind to Wnt5a to activate NPC1 expression， upregulate lipophagy levels， reduce blood lipids， and inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress damage， thereby exerting a preventive and therapeutic effect on AS.关键词：berberine;lipophagy;apolipoprotein E-knockout mice;wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5a （Wnt5a）/Nieman Pick type C1 （NPC1） signaling pathway
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Sanhuang Tangshenkang on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the bone tissue of diabetic rats.MethodA high-sugar and high-fat diet was administered for 4 weeks， along with intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared 2% streptozotocin （pH 4.5） at 30 mg·kg-1 body weight to induce a diabetes model in rats. The rats with diabetes were randomly divided into model group， low- and high-dose Sanhuang Tangshenkang groups （12.8， 38.4 g·kg-1）， and Gushukang group （1.8 g·kg-1） according to the blood glucose level. Rats of the same age were fed on a regular diet and assigned to the control group. After 12 weeks of respective treatments with drugs or physiological saline， the fasting blood glucose （FBG） levels of the rats were measured using an automated biochemical analyzer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect fasting serum insulin （FINS）， bone-specific alkaline phosphatase （BALP）， and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRAP） levels. Micro-computed tomography （Micro-CT） was used to scan the femurs of rats to observe bone tissue microstructure and measure bone mineral density （BMD）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and safranin O/fast green staining were performed to observe pathological changes in the femoral bone tissue. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Wnt3a， low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 （LRP-5）， and β-catenin proteins.ResultCompared with the control group， the model group showed a significant increase in FBG， FINS， and TRAP levels （P<0.01）， a significant decrease in BALP level （P<0.01）， a significant decrease in BMD （P<0.01）， and disorganized， elongated， and sparse bone trabecular structures with fractures and increased lipid droplets. Additionally， the expression of Wnt3a， LRP-5， and β-catenin proteins decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low- and high-dose Sanhuang Tangshenkang groups showed a reduction in FBG and an increase in BALP （P<0.05）. The low-dose Sanhuang Tangshenkang group also exhibited a decrease in FINS （P<0.05）. All treatment groups showed a significant decrease in TRAP （P<0.01）， varying degrees of improvement in BMD （P<0.05， P<0.01））， increased and denser bone trabeculae with more regular arrangements and reduced lipid droplets， and improved bone microstructure morphology. The average optical density values of Wnt3a， LRP-5， and β-catenin proteins were significantly increased in all drug-treated groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression of Wnt3a， LRP-5， and β-catenin proteins was elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionSanhuang Tangshenkang may regulate the imbalance of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by increasing the expression of Wnt3a， LRP-5， and β-catenin proteins in bone tissue， which may promote bone formation， reduce bone resorption， and lower blood glucose levels， thereby achieving the effect of preventing and treating diabetic osteoporosis.关键词：diabetes;osteoporosis;Sanhuang Tangshenkang;Wnt/β-catenin;signaling pathway
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Dendrobii Caulis mixture on cell inflammatory response and apoptosis in diabetic rat with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD） and its possible mechanism.MethodForty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group and model group of type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） with NAFLD according to body weight. The model was established by high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin（STZ）， which was randomly divided into the model group， Dendrobii Caulis mixture group（16.67 g·kg-1·d-1） and metformin group（100 mg·kg-1·d-1） according to blood glucose and body weight， and 10 rats in each group. Rats in each group were administered by continuous gavage for 4 weeks， the blank and model groups were given saline by gavage at 10 mL·kg-1·d-1. Fasting blood glucose（FBG）， serum insulin（INS）， glycosylated serum protein（GSP）， triglyceride（TG）， total cholesterol（TC）， high density lipoprotein（HDL-C）， low density lipoprotein（LDL-C）， alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） were detected in each group of rats. The liver tissues of rats in each group were stained with hematoxylin-eosin（HE） to observe the pathological changes， and the positive expressions of nuclear transcription factor（NF）-κB， NOD-like receptor heat protein structural domain-related protein 3（NLRP3）， interleukin（IL）-1β and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α were observed by immunohistochemistry. Western blot and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2（Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein（Bax）， Caspase-3 and NF-κB p65， NLRP3， IL-1β， TNF-α in liver tissue of rats in each group.ResultCompared with the blank group， FBG， GSP， TC， TG， LDL-C， AST and ALT levels were increased， INS and HDL-C levels were decreased， Bax， Caspase-3， NLRP3， IL-1β， TNF-α protein and mRNA expression were increased in model group， the ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB protein increased， the expression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA decreased， and the positive immunohistochemical expression of NF-κB， NLRP3， IL-1β and TNF-α increased， and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.01）. The morphological structure of the liver was disrupted， and obvious fat vacuoles were seen. Compared with the model group， FBG， GSP， TC， TG， LDL-C， AST and ALT levels of Dendrobii Caulis mixture group and metformin group were decreased， INS and HDL-C levels were increased， and protein and mRNA expressions of Bax， Caspase-3， NLRP3， IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased， the protein ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB decreased， the expression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA increased， and the positive immunohistochemical expressions of NF-κB， NLRP3， IL-1β and TNF-α decreased， and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.01）. The liver morphology and structure were relatively complete， and the fat vacuoles were reduced.ConclusionDendrobii Caulis mixture can inhibit cell apoptosis， reduce inflammatory response and alleviate liver injury in rats with T2DM and NAFLD， the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway， blocking the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles， reducing IL-1β secretion， attenuating Caspase-3 activity and reducing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.关键词：Dendrobii Caulis mixture;type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）;nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）;inflammatory response;apoptosis;nuclear transcription factor-κB（NF-κB）;interleukin
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of Niaoxue No.1 Prescription in treating Henoch-Schönlein purpura （HSP） nephritis with blood heat and stasis syndrome and its effect on urine erythrocyte， urine protein， blood neutrophils， and blood routine-derived indicators.MethodA multicenter， randomized controlled trial （RCT） was conducted involving 108 HSP nephritis patients from three hospitals. The patients were randomly divided into a control group （54 cases） and a treatment group （54 cases）. The treatment group received Niaoxue No.1 prescription once daily， while the control group was treated with captopril and ferulic acid tablets. Both groups underwent a 4-week course of treatment. The urine erythrocyte， urine microalbumin （mAlb）， urine sediment red blood cell count， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， 24-hour urine protein， blood neutrophil count， neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio （NLR）， platelet to lymphocyte ratio （PLR）， lymphocyte to monocyte ratio （LMR）， D-dimer， and immunoglobulin A were detected. The recurrence rate of HSP nephritis was followed up for 6 months.ResultThe total effective rates were 88.9% （48/54） in the treatment group and 70.4% （38/54） in the control group， and the treatment group was superior to the control group （χ2=5.708， P<0.05）. Compared with the results before treatment， after 14 days of treatment， the TCM syndrome total score， urine erythrocyte， urine mAlb， and 24-hour urine protein in both groups significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the improvement was more significant in the treatment group than the control group （P<0.05）. After 28 days of treatment， compared with the results before treatment， the TCM syndrome total score， urine erythrocyte， urine mAlb， urine sediment red blood cell count， D-dimer， and 24-hour urine protein in both groups significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）， with the treatment group showing a more significant reduction in urine mAlb than the control group （P<0.05）. On the 14th and 28th days of treatment， the neutrophil percentage and NLR were lower in the treatment group than in the control group （P<0.05）， while there was no statistically significant difference in PLR and LMR. The recurrence rate of nephritis in both groups showed no statistically significant difference after a 6-month follow-up.ConclusionNiaoxue No.1 Prescription in the treatment of HSP nephritis with blood heat and stasis syndrome can significantly improve clinical symptoms， shorten the course of the disease， and reduce urine erythrocyte， urine mAlb， 24-hour urine protein， blood neutrophils， and NLR， thereby effectively alleviating the inflammatory state and reducing kidney damage in children with HSP nephritis.关键词：henoch-schonlein purpura;Nephritis;neutrophil;syndrome of blood heat and blood stasis
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of Dingkundan in the treatment of ovulation disorder infertility based on the real world and provide reliable evidence-based medical support for clinical practice.MethodClinical diagnosis and treatment data of patients with ovulation disorder infertility in the real world were collected through the Medroad Cloud system. Patients were grouped according to their real-world treatments， and the total effective rate， ovulation rate per cycle， number of days of follicle development， gonadotropin （Gn） dosage， levels of mature follicle-related hormones， endometrial thickness and classification， pregnancy rate per cycle， clinical pregnancy rate， ectopic pregnancy rate， and early pregnancy loss rate were observed.ResultA total of 207 patients were included， and the most common traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome in the entire population was liver depression and kidney deficiency. The patients were divided into a Chinese medicine group （Dingkundan， 60 cases）， a western medicine group （ovulation induction， 51 cases）， and a combination group （Dingkundan + ovulation induction， 96 cases）. The combination group（98.96%，95/96） had the highest total effective rate， which was statistically significant when compared with the Chinese medicine group（88.33%，53/60） （χ2=8.328， P<0.05）. The mature follicle estradiol （E2） and luteinizing hormone （LH） levels were the highest in the combination group， and there were statistically significant differences when compared with the western medicine group （P<0.01）. The endometrial thickness was higher in the Chinese medicine group and the combination group than in the western medicine group （P<0.01）. The proportion of type A endometrium was highest in the combination group（85.90%，201/234）， and there was a statistically significant difference when compared with the western medicine group（73.81%，93/126） （χ2=7.993， P<0.01）. The clinical pregnancy rate was 60.42%（58/96） in the combination group， which was higher than 36.67%（22/60） in the Chinese medicine group （χ2=8.336， P<0.01） and 39.22%（20/51） in the western medicine group （χ2=6.011， P<0.05）. Compared with the western medicine group， the combination group showed a favorable trend in total effective rate， ovulation rate per cycle， number of days of follicle development， Gn dosage， pregnancy rate per cycle， ectopic pregnancy rate， and early pregnancy loss rate， but the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionIn real-world clinical practice， the combination of Dingkundan with ovulation induction can increase endometrial thickness， improve the proportion of type A endometrium， enhance egg quality， and increase the clinical pregnancy rate in patients with ovulation disorder infertility. This approach deserves further clinical research and application.关键词：Dingkundan;ovulatory disorder;infertility;real world;syndrome type
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Danzhi Jiangtang capsules with the functions of replenishing Qi， nourishing Yin， and dredging collaterals on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） combined with lower-extremity macroangiopathy and serum levels of homocysteine （Hcy） and cystatin C （Cys C）.MethodA total of 80 eligible patients who were treated in the department of endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from May 2017 to December 2019 were randomized into the treatment group （40 cases） and control group （40 cases）. Both groups received the basic therapies for diabetes and Danzhi Jiangtang capsules （oral） was added to the treatment group. The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c （HbA1c）， fasting plasma glucose （FPG）， 2-hour postprandial glucose （2 hPG）， fasting C-peptide （C-P）， and 2-hour postprandial C-peptide （2 hC-P）， triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and serum levels of Hcy and Cys C were measured and the traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome scores were calculated before and after treatment in the two groups.ResultAfter 12 weeks of treatment， levels of HbA1c， FPG， and 2 hPG were lower than those before treatment in the two groups （P<0.05）. Levels of C-P （P<0.05） and 2 hC-P were higher than those before treatment in the two groups. After treatment， levels of HbA1c， FPG， and 2 hPG in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）， while levels of C-P and 2 hC-P showed no significant difference between two groups. After treatment， the levels of TG， TC， and LDL-C were lower than those before treatment （P<0.05） and HDL-C level was higher than that before treatment （P<0.05） in both groups. After treatment， levels of TG and LDL-C in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）， and levels of TC and HDL-C demonstrated no significant difference between two groups. After the treatment， the TCM syndrome score was lower than that before the treatment in both groups （P<0.05） and lower in the treatment group than in the control group （P<0.05）. The overall effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group （χ２=7.585， P<0.05）. The levels of Cys C and Hcy were lower than those before treatment in the two groups （P<0.05） and lower in the treatment group than in the control group （P<0.05）. Doppler echocardiography of the lower limbs showed no obvious improvement in the control group after treatment. However， for the treatment group， slight decrease in intima-media thickness of the lower limb arteries and a slight reduction in the plaque area were observed， but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionDanzhi Jiangtang capsules has definite therapeutic effect on T2DM combined with lower-extremity macroangiopathy， which can improve glucolipid metabolism and reduce serum levels of Hcy and Cys C. This study can serve a reference for the prevention and treatment of T2DM combined with macroangiopathy.关键词：replenishing Qi， nourishing Yin， and dredging collaterals;type 2 diabetes mellitus;homocysteine;cystatin C;glucolipid metabolism;traditional Chinese medicine syndrome
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Hexue Mingmu tablets in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy（DR） and retinal vein obstruction（RVO）， and to provide a basis for the clinical treatment of ophthalmic diseases， this paper obtained randomized controlled trials（RCTs） of Hexue Mingmu tablets in the treatment of DR and RVO by searching Chinese and English electronic databases and trial registration platforms（up to September 13， 2022）. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using RoB2.0， and Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.4. A total of 35 RCTs involving a total sample size of 3 261 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with conventional western medical treatment alone， the combination of Hexue Mingmu tablets with conventional western medical treatment improved patients' macular thickness｛mean difference（MD） =-39.83， 95% confidence interval（CI） ［-51.60， -28.06］， P<0.000 01｝， improved corrected visual acuity｛risk ratio（RR）dichotomous=1.09， 95% CI ［1.00， 1.18］， P=0.04； MDcontinuous variable=0.15， 95% CI ［0.13， 0.17］， P<0.000 01｝， increased effective rate of fundus symptom improvement（RR=1.26， 95% CI ［1.22， 1.30］， P<0.000 01）， improved hemorheology index｛standard mean difference（SMD）=-1.53， 95% CI ［-2.04， -1.01］， P<0.000 01｝， shortened improvement time of fundus symptoms（MD=-5.53， 95% CI ［-5.96， -5.09］， P<0.000 01）， and there was no significant difference on adverse events between the two groups. The results show that treatment of DR and RVO with Hexue Mingmu tablets may improve the macular thickness and hemorheology index of patients， which can significantly enhance the effect of corrected visual acuity and clinical efficiency， and shorten the time to symptom improvement. However， the original literature is of low quality and the pooled results have some limitations. Subsequent studies should try to use uniform standard assessment criteria and testing methods， focus on the rigor of study design and implementation， and pay attention to the key outcomes of this disease and the clinical safety of medication， so as to provide more reliable evidence to support this kind of clinical problems.关键词：Hexue Mingmu tablets;diabetic retinopathy（DR）;retinal vein obstruction（RVO）;systematic review;Meta-analysis;symptom improvement;adverse events
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveThe transcriptome characteristics of different tissues of Codonopsis pilosula were analyzed to illustrate the genetic basis of the accumulation of active ingredients in the root of C. pilosula， and to provide theoretical basis for its high-quality production and cultivation.MethodDifferent tissues of C. pilosula at flowering stage were selected as experimental materials， and the contents of tangshenoside Ⅰ， lobetyolin and atractylenolide Ⅲ were detected by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. RNA-Seq was used to perform transcriptome sequencing of different tissues， and the differentially expressed genes were screened and analyzed by Gene Ontology（GO） and Kyoto Gene and Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） enrichment analysis， in order to explore the characteristics of active compound distribution and the transcriptional profiles.ResultThe contents of polysaccharides and tangshenoside Ⅰ in the root of C. pilosula were significantly higher than those in other tissues. The transcriptional profiles of the root were significantly different from those of stem， leaf and flower. Cluster analysis， GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of differential gene expression showed that the differential expression genes were mainly enriched in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis， sucrose-starch metabolism， plant hormone signal transduction， plant-pathogen interaction， mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） cascade signal transduction， Adenosine triphosphate（ATP）-binding cassette（ABC） transporter and other pathways. The expression of genes related to biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid compounds were significantly up-regulated in the roots and flowers， and ABC transporter proteins were mostly highly expressed in the flowers. The expression of key enzyme genes for polysaccharide synthesis， such as sucrose：sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase（1-SST） and fructan 1-exohydrolase（1-Feh）， were significantly up-regulated in the roots， and a large number of stress-responsive genes closely related to the accumulation of secondary metabolites were significantly up-regulated in the roots.ConclusionThe active compound content and transcriptional profiles in C. pilosula roots were significantly different from those in stem， leaf， flower and other tissues， showing tissue specificity. Meanwhile， the genes related to stress response and biosynthesis of active compound， such as fructan and phenylpropanoid compounds， were up-regulated in roots of C. pilosula.关键词：Codonopsis pilosula;tissue distribution;transcriptomics;active components;genes;metabolic pathways
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the effect and toxicity change rule of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata（ALRP） and Zingiberis Rhizoma（ZR） before and after compatibility， and to reveal the compatibility connotation of them.MethodSixty SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， blank-ALRP group， blank-ALRP-ZR group， model group， model-ALRP group and model-ALRP-ZR group， the latter three groups were injected with adriamycin via tail vein to establish the model of heart failure， and the former three groups were injected with the same amount of physiological saline via tail vein. The effects of ALRP single decoction and ALRP-ZR mixed decoction on biochemical indexes and myocardial histopathological morphology of normal rats and model rats were compared. Metabolomics analysis was performed on rat serum samples， principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to screen the differential metabolites between groups， and the differential metabolic pathways were analyzed. Combined with network pharmacology technology， the metabolites and their associated targets and pathways related to enhancing anti-heart failure efficacy and reducing cardiotoxicity were screened before and after the compatibility of ALRP and ZR， the screened representative pathways were verified by Western blot.ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed significant increases in the contents of brain natriuretic peptide（BNP）， creatine kinase（CK）， lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） and cardiac troponin（cTn）-T（P<0.01）， the blank-ALRP group showed obvious increases in CK， LDH， and cTn-T contents（P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the normal-ALRP-ZR group showed a significant increase in CK content（P<0.01）. Compared with the blank-ALRP group， the blank-ALRP-ZR group showed a obvious decrease in LDH content（P<0.05）， and pathological sections showed that both decoctions could lead to myocardial histopathological damage in normal rats. Compared with the model group， the model-ALRP-ZR group showed obvious decreases in BNP， CK， LDH and cTn-T contents（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the model-ALRP group showed obvious decreases in BNP， LDH and cTn-T contents（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model-ALRP group， the model-ALRP-ZR group showed a significant decrease in CK content（P<0.01）， and both decoctions could improve the pathological morphology of myocardial tissue in the model rats. Metabolomics results showed that ALRP single decoction and ALRP-ZR mixed decoction could recover 422 and 459 metabolites in model rats， respectively. And the metabolic disruption of ALRP-ZR mixed decoction on normal rats was weaker than that of ALRP single decoction. The results of network pharmacological association analysis showed that in the aspect of ZR enhancing the anti-heart failure efficacy of ALRP， 3 metabolites such as deoxyuridylic acid were correlated to 56 metabolites， 82 targets and 13 pathways， including calcium signaling pathway， renin secretion， renin-angiotensin system， etc. In the aspect of ZR reducing the cardiotoxicity of ALRP， 3 metabolites such as tyrosol were associated with 24 metabolites， 55 targets and 14 pathways， including adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes and carbon metabolism and so on. Western blot results showed that the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme（ACE）， angiotensin-converting enzyme 2（ACE2） and angiotensin Ⅱ（Ang Ⅱ） in myocardial tissues of rats from the model group was significantly elevated by comparing with the blank group（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the model-ALRP group and the model-ALRP-ZR group showed significantly decreased expression of ACE， ACE2 and Ang Ⅱ（P<0.01）. Compared with the model-ALRP group， the expression of ACE2 and AngⅡ was significantly decreased in the model-ALRP-ZR group. Compared with the blank group， the expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase（ERK）， protein kinase B（Akt） and cTn-I3 was significantly elevated in the blank-ALRP group and blank-ALRP-ZR group（P<0.01）. Compared with the blank-ALRP group， the blank-ALRP-ZR group showed decreased expression of ERK， Akt and cTn-I3， but there was no statistical significance.ConclusionTo a certain extent， the combination of ALRP and ZR shows synergistic relationship under pathological state， and attenuated effect of compatibility under normal physiological state， and the pharmacodynamic characteristics and compatibility relationship of ALRP and ZR are closely related to the physiological state.关键词：Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata;Zingiberis Rhizoma;compatibility;metabolomics;network pharmacology;change patterns of toxic effect;heart failure model
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveProteomics was used to investigate the protein differences between porcine cardiac blood（PCB） and porcine blood（PB） from Menghe medical school and to compare the effects of both on the microglial inflammation of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma（DS）.MethodNanoliquid chromatography-quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry（nLC-MS/MS） and bioinformatics were utilized to compare the proteomic differences of PCB and PB in simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Furthermore， Western blot was used to verify the contents of some shared proteins and differential proteins identified in PCB and PB. In addition， BV2 neuroinflammation model constructed by corticosterone（CORT） and lipopolysaccharide（LPS） was applied to detect the intervention effects of PCB and PB on the levels of tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α and interleukin（IL）-6 in BV2 inflammatory cells of DS.ResultA total of 69 common proteins and 68 differential proteins were identified in PCB and PB， among which the common proteins included transferrin（Tf） with brain-targeting effect， and the differential proteins in the two were 41 and 27， respectively. Western blot validation showed that the difference in the content of the same protein Tf between PCB and PB was not statistically significant， while the difference in the contents of the specific proteins of creatine kinase M and heart-type fatty acid binding protein（H-FABP） were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Moreover， in vitro experimental studies revealed that compared with the same concentration of DS group， in addition to the 100 mg·L-1 PB-DS group， PCB-DS and PB-DS groups could significantly inhibit the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in BV2 inflammatory cells（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and PCB-DS group had more significant anti-inflammatory effect than PB-DS group with the same concentration（P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionBoth of PCB and PB can enhance the inhibitory effect of DS on the release of inflammatory factors， thus playing a neuroprotective role， and PCB promotes DS inhibition more significantly， which may be due to the existence of the two involved in energy metabolism-related differential proteins， which can lay a foundation for revealing the scientific connotation of the processing of PCB-DS and PB-DS.关键词：Menghe medical school;characteristic processing materials;porcine cardiac blood;porcine blood;liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry;proteomics;BV2 cells
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：The classic formula Zhulingtang, derived from the medical work Treatise on Cold Damage (《伤寒论》) compiled by ZHANG Zhongjing, a medical sage in the Eastern Han Dynasty, has been included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Formulas (First Batch) published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018. Using the method of textual research, this study systematically reviewed ancient and modern literature to conduct a historical and textual analysis of Zhulingtang, including its origin, composition, dosage, processing, decoction methods, efficacy, and applications. A total of 733 pieces of relevant information related to Zhulingtang were collected, involving 206 ancient Chinese medical texts, with 52 of them providing detailed records of the composition, dosage, processing, and efficacy of Zhulingtang. The results of the analysis showed that Zhulingtang was composed of Polyporus, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma, Asini Corii Colla, and Talcum. Polyporus and Poria should be used without their peels, Asini Corii Colla should be stir-fried with clam powder, and Talcum should be ground into powder or soaked in water. Based on the conversion of ancient and modern dosages, Polyporus, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma, and Talcum, 15.63 g for each one, were decocted with 800 mL of water to 400 mL. Then the drug residue was removed, and 15.63 g of Asini Corii Colla was added to the drug juice for melting by heating. The decoction should be taken warm, 140 mL each time, three times a day. Zhulingtang has the effects of promoting diuresis, nourishing yin, and clearing heat, and it is mainly used to treat water-heat combination syndrome, characterized by symptoms such as difficult urination, fever, and thirst. Modern research indicates that Zhulingtang is commonly used to treat diseases such as cirrhotic ascites, chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, diarrhea, and urinary tract infections. This study provides key information about the famous formula Zhulingtang, which can serve as a reference for further development and research on its application.关键词：classical formulas;Zhulingtang;literature research;ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo systematically review the ancient and modern literature about Maimendongtang, so as to provide a scientific basis for the modern clinical application and preparation research and development of Maimendongtang.MethodThe Chinese Medical Code (version 5) was searched with "Maimendongtang" as the keyword. The modern clinical studies of Maimendongtang were retrieved from CNKI with “Maimendongtang” as the keyword and the time interval from January 1, 1975 to December 31, 2022. The articles involving the main symptoms, herb composition, dosage, and decocting and medication methods of Maimendongtang were selected and screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, the information including the book name, indications, herbs, dosage, and decocting and medication methods were included to summarize the ancient and modern application of Maimendongtang.ResultA total of 357 publications of Maimendongtang were included, involving 115 ancient books. Maimendongtang was first published in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Han dynasty. It is composed of Ophiopogonis Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Semen Oryzae Sativae, Jujubae Fructus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Despite the slight changes during the inheritance by later generations, the indications, herb composition, dosage, and decocting and medication methods of this formula were generally consistent with those in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. A total of 182 modern articles were included to analyze the clinical application of Maimendongtang. This formula was mainly used to treat respiratory system diseases, digestive system diseases, tumor-related diseases, etc.ConclusionAccording to the textual research on the ancient and modern literature, the composition, dosage, indications, and decocting and medication methods of Maimendongtang are basically consistent with those recorded in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. The modern clinical application not only follows the main indications but also expands the clinical application scope of this formula, which is mainly used to treat patients with the syndrome of yin deficiency of lung and stomach. The modern clinical application of Maimendongtang has promoted the inheritance and innovation of classic famous prescriptions and provided a scientific basis for the drug research and development.关键词：classical formulas;Maimendongtang;Synopsis of the Golden Chamber;clinical application;literature review
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo analyze and summarize the medication rules of different Pinelliae Rhizoma processed products in the syndrome differentiation and treatment of insomnia using data mining.MethodThe literature on the treatment of insomnia with Pinelliae Rhizoma was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP， and PubMed databases over the past 10 years. An Excel database was constructed to record the prescriptions of different Pinelliae Rhizoma processed products in the treatment of insomnia. SPSS 26.0 software was used for frequency analysis of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes related to insomnia， compatibility of drugs， drug effects， and properties. SPSS 26.0 was also used for cluster analysis， factor analysis， and IBM Modeler 18.0 plugin for association rule analysis of the core compatibility of different Pinelliae Rhizoma processed products and combinations.ResultAfter applying inclusion and exclusion criteria， 125 relevant articles were finally included. The commonly used processed products of Pinelliae Rhizoma in the treatment of insomnia were Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum， Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine， and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine. Among them， Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum was the most frequently used. All three processed products of Pinelliae Rhizoma were often used for insomnia with such TCM syndromes as phlegm-heat disturbing the heart， phlegm-dampness obstructing the interior， and liver Qi stagnation. The compatible drugs were sweet， bitter， and pungent in flavor， cold in nature， and acted on the lung， spleen， heart， and liver meridians， with functions of nourishing deficiency， clearing heat， and calming the mind. The common prescriptions used were Wendantang， Chaihu Longgu Mulitang， Banxia Xiexintang， and Xiaochaihutang， with doses ranging from 6 to 30 g. The core drug combinations were Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum-Poria-Ziziphi Spinosae Semen， Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Zingibere et Alumine-Jujubae Fructus-Codonopsis Radix， and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine-Scutellariae Radix-Bupleuri Radix.ConclusionThis study， for the first time， analyzed and summarized the compatibility and prescription application rules of commonly used processed products of Pinelliae Rhizoma in the treatment of insomnia from the perspective of TCM syndrome differentiation， which provides a theoretical basis for the rational， safe， and effective use of Pinelliae Rhizoma in the treatment of insomnia in TCM.关键词：data mining;Pinelliae Rhizoma;traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation;insomnia;medication rule
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：The construction of the comprehensive evaluation index system of the famous classical formula preparations after the marketing has both theoretical and practical significance. In this study， literature related to the post-marketing comprehensive evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） compound preparations was retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）， China Science and Technology Journal Database（VIP）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform（WanFang） and SinoMed from January 1， 2000 to April 30， 2022. CiteSpace 6.1.R2， a scientometrics software， was used to visualize the keywords involved， and to analyze the dynamic evolution trend and research hotspots in this field. Then， the existing comprehensive post-marketing evaluation index system of TCM compound preparations was screened and extracted， and the research status was systematically analyzed by mathematical statistics. It was found that there were problems such as the generalized boundaries between assessment dimensions and assessment elements， the lack of data sources for individual evaluation indexes， unset weight of some index system and insufficient application degree. In addition， according to the characteristics of famous classical formulas， the authors discuss the importance of evidence evaluation based on combination of disease and syndrome， pharmacovigilance of famous classical formulas preparations， and whole-process quality control of famous classical formulas， and put forward the construction strategy of comprehensive post-marketing evaluation of the famous classical formula preparations， which is oriented by clinical value， centered on evidence evaluation， and guaranteed by the whole-process quality control.关键词：ancient famous classical formulas;post-marketing evaluation;indicator system;bibliometrics;pharmacovigilance;quality control;traditional Chinese medicine preparations
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：Vascular complications are the primary cause of the high disability and mortality in diabetic patients. Vascular calcification is a pathological basis of diabetic vascular complications and increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events and the difficulty of revascularization in diabetic patients. It is of great clinical value to explore the measures for prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular calcification with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. This paper explores the intrinsic association of stasis， toxin， and deficiency with diabetic vascular calcification to reveal the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular calcification. Stasis and toxin are causally affected by and combined with each other； deficiency refers to the deficiency of healthy Qi and the loss of Qi and blood. The three elements are associated with the occurrence and development of blood vessel diseases. This paper proposes the evolutional law of stasis， toxin， and deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for diabetic vascular calcification. Specifically， diabetic vascular calcification is rooted in the stasis of meridians and collaterals， develops due to the combination of stasis and toxin， and is aggravated by middle Qi deficiency. Furthermore， this paper proposes the TCM intervention principle of activating blood， removing toxin， tonifying deficiency， and dredging collaterals for the prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular calcification. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for clinical and translational research on the prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular calcification with integrated Chinese and Western medicine.关键词：diabetes mellitus;vascular complication;vascular calcification;etiology and pathogenesis;stasis;toxin;deficiency
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：Autophagy， a mechanism of cell self-protection and self-renewal， is associated with the occurrence and development of lung cancer. Favorable autophagy can slow down the progression of lung cancer， while unfavorable autophagy can promote the progression. Therefore， regulating the level of autophagy is of great significance in the treatment of lung cancer. Healthy Qi deficiency and pathogenic Qi stagnation is an extension of the theory of deficiency and Qi stagnation proposed by the Academician WANG Yongyan. It refers to the pathological process that the abnormal body fluid metabolism caused by Qi deficiency of lung， spleen， and kidney results in phlegm and blood stasis. Lung cancer has the root cause of Qi deficiency of lung， spleen， and kidney and the syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis. The autophagy in lung cancer is interconnected with healthy Qi deficiency and pathogenic Qi stagnation. The Qi deficiency of lung， spleen， and kidney is the key factor for the weakening of favorable autophagy in lung cancer， which inhibits the apoptosis of tumor cells and leads to the accumulation of harmful substances. Phlegm and blood stasis is a direct factor enhancing the unfavorable autophagy in lung cancer， which promotes the autophagic death of normal cells， weakens the immunosuppressive effect of immune cells on tumor cells， and leads to the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. The combination of healthy Qi deficiency and pathogenic Qi stagnation results in the development of autophagy in an unfavorable direction and finally leads to the continuous progression of lung cancer. Therefore， the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment of lung cancer should follow the principle of reinforcing healthy Qi and expelling pathogenic Qi， removing phlegm and resolving stasis， so as to enhance favorable autophagy while inhibiting unfavorable autophagy. Such therapy can inhibit the proliferation and migration of tumor cells and promote the remission of lung cancer. According to the existing literature， Chinese medicine monomers are mainly used to treat lung cancer by regulating autophagy. The Chinese medicine intervention of autophagy in lung cancer mainly aims to promote the activation of autophagy. This may be because the favorable autophagy weakening caused by the Qi deficiency of lung， spleen， and kidney is the fundamental reason for the development of lung cancer.关键词：lung cancer;autophagy;healthy Qi deficiency and pathogenic Qi stagnation;Chinese medicine
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：Cardiovascular diseases are a class of circulatory system diseases involving the heart and vessels， including arrhythmia， hypertension， coronary heart disease， myocardial infarction， heart failure and so on. Due to the complicated pathogenesis， diverse disease types， and difficult treatment， cardiovascular diseases pose serious threatens to the human health. Therefore， it is urgent to develop effective therapies. Ferroptosis， a new type of cell death different from autophagy and apoptosis， is iron-dependent and accompanied by lipid peroxide accumulation. The mechanism of ferroptosis is complex. Recent studies have shown that iron homeostasis plays a role in the occurrence of ferroptosis， which may be induced by iron intake， utilization， and output and iron-related protein synthesis. In addition， iron homeostasis and ferroptosis have been confirmed to be involved in the pathological process of cardiovascular diseases， so regulating iron homeostasis and ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes may be a focus of the future research on cardiovascular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） provides a unique treatment method， and the unique syndrome differentiation system and treatment methods have been widely used in the clinical diagnosis， prevention， and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have demonstrated that TCM compound prescriptions and the active components in Chinese medicinal materials can regulate iron homeostasis and ferroptosis to protect cardiomyocytes. This paper introduces the mechanism of iron homeostasis in regulating ferroptosis and summarizes the effects of iron homeostasis-mediated ferroptosis on cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore， the research progress of TCM in regulating iron homeostasis-mediated ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases is reviewed to provide new ideas for TCM prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.关键词：iron homeostasis;iron metabolism;ferroptosis;traditional Chinese medicine;cardiovascular disease
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：Stroke is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases， including hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke. From a modern medical perspective， stroke is caused by cerebrovascular damage or embolism leading to impaired blood circulation. From the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） perspective， the pathogenesis of this disease is mainly due to the disorder of Qi and blood， which ascend to the brain， causing either blood extravasation or blockage of brain collaterals. Stasis is a pathological factor that runs throughout the entire course of stroke， and the method of promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis has been a core treatment for stroke for a long time. Hirudo， as a traditional insect drug， has shown good effects in promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis. Modern pharmacological research has confirmed that Hirudo contains anticoagulant components， which provide significant advantages in dissolving thrombi in ischemic stroke and facilitating hematoma absorption in hemorrhagic stroke. Hirudo and its related preparations have been proven to exert an anti-stroke effect through anticoagulation， anti-thrombosis， and protection of vascular endothelium. As a result， they have been widely used in the treatment of stroke. This article explored the theoretical basis and research status of using Hirudo for treating stroke based on its main active components and hemostatic properties and summarized the current research status of commonly used Hirudo-based formulations and preparations， aiming to provide references for the involvement of Hirudo in stroke treatment.关键词：Hirudo;stroke;ischemic stroke;hemorrhagic stroke;hirudin
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：Coronary heart disease （CHD） with atherosclerosis is a common chronic disease worldwide， and anxiety and depression are potential and crucial risk factors for adverse prognosis in CHD. Chaihu Longgu Mulitang （CLMT）， first mentioned in the Shang Han Lun （《伤寒论》）， is a classic prescription for treating Shaoyang diseases combined with disturbance of the mind and spirit， with the effects of harmonizing Shaoyang and calming the mind. Current research on mechanisms has shown that CLMT can play a role in CHD complicated with anxiety and depression through multiple pathways， including regulating related signaling pathways， inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors， improving oxidative stress damage， modulating neurotransmitter levels， suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis， promoting mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow， and inhibiting platelet activation. Clinical studies have demonstrated that CLMT significantly improves symptoms such as angina and insomnia caused by CHD complicated with anxiety and depression， effectively reduces negative emotions， improves traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores， and decreases levels of inflammatory factors. Furthermore， it has fewer adverse reactions and higher safety than conventional western medicine treatments. This article provides a review of the mechanisms and clinical studies of CLMT in the treatment of CHD complicated with anxiety and depression based on a comprehensive analysis of literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP， PubMed， and other databases in the past 15 years， in order to provide references for further research on the use of CLMT in the management of CHD complicated with anxiety and depression.关键词：Chaihu Longgu Mulitang;coronary heart disease （CHD）;anxiety and depression;mechanism of action;clinical research;research progress
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：As a threat to human health， steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femur head is a common refractory orthopedic disease mainly caused by glucocorticoids， with poor prognosis and unclear pathogenesis. Osteogenesis-associated signaling pathways play an important role in bone formation. Glucocorticoid-induced abnormal activation and transport of these signaling pathways lead to abnormal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells， dysfunction of bone metabolism， and osteogenesis disorders， which may be the main reasons for the occurrence and development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femur head. Bone formation and remodeling need the participation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells， which are stem cells characterized by continuous self-renewal and differentiation. The key to strengthening bone remodeling is to improve the osteogenic differentiation capacity， which is the key point to inhibit bone resorption and prevent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from differentiating into osteoclasts. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been used in the treatment of osteonecrosis in ancient times. It is recorded in the Treasury of Words on Materia Medica （《本草汇编》） that "The deficiency in the lower energizer cannot be tonified without Eucommiae Cortexz.The soreness in lower legs cannot be alleviated without Eucommiae Cortex...The pain in the waist and knee cannot be relieved without Eucommiae Cortex...Tonifying liver and invigorating kidney， Eucommiae Cortex is an essential medicine." This indicates that ancient physicians have already begun to use the liver-tonifying， kidney-invigorating， and sinew-bone-strengthening effects of Eucommiae Cortex for the treatment of osteonecrosis. As the national support for the development of TCM strengthens， increasing studies have been conducted on the TCM prevention and treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femur head. Studies have suggested that Chinese medicinal herbs can exert a positive effect on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by affecting targeted signaling molecules， and promote osteogenesis and bone defect repair， thus combating the occurrence and development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femur head. The regulation of osteogenic signaling pathway by Chinese medicines to prevent steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head has become a hot research topic. This article reviews the studies about the prevention and treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femur head with the active components in Chinese medicinal herbs by regulating osteogenic signaling pathways. We then explore the mechanism of the active components in promoting the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and inhibiting their differentiation into osteoclasts to facilitate bone formation， aiming to provide a reference for the further study of treating steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head with Chinese medicinal herbs.关键词：active components in Chinese medicinal herbs;regulation;steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head necrosis;review
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：Nucleotide binding oligomeric dome-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome is an intracellular sensing protein complex， and it is an important player in the innate immune system， capable of sensing foreign pathogens and endogenous danger signals. After tissue injury， the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome induces the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-18， while promoting gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis. Existing studies have shown that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the occurrence and development of common bone and joint diseases such as osteoporosis， osteoarthritis， rheumatoid arthritis， and gouty arthritis by inducing inflammatory cascade reaction and accelerating bone resorption and cartilage destruction. Therefore， blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway may be an effective strategy to treat or prevent bone and joint diseases. Currently， researchers have developed and tested several drugs that selectively target the NLRP3 inflammasome in animal and clinical studies， but the progress has been poor due to obvious side effects and high prices. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been widely recognized in the treatment of bone and joint diseases due to its unique advantages of multi-target， multi-pathway， multi-mechanism synergism， low price， and low side effects. With the deepening of research， the targeted intervention of NLRP3 inflammasome by TCM in the treatment of bone and joint diseases has attracted wide attention. In this paper， the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in osteoarthritis was summarized by analyzing relevant literature in China and abroad in recent years， and the progress of targeted intervention of NLRP3 inflammasome by TCM in the treatment of bone and joint diseases was systematically reviewed， so as to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the treatment of bone and joint diseases.关键词：nucleotide binding oligomeric dome-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）;inflammasome;bone and joint diseases;traditional Chinese medicine;mechanism
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：Pelvic inflammatory disease （PID） is an infection of women's reproductive organs， which lasts a long time and features frequent recurrence. It is mainly caused by apoptosis， low immunity， abnormal metabolism and blood rheology indexes， and bacterial imbalance. The pathological manifestations are tissue adhesion， fibrosis， and chronic inflammation， and inflammatory response occurs in the whole process of this disease. Therefore， interfering with the inflammatory response tends to be a solution. A few therapies are available in western medicine and antibiotics are commonly used. However， antibiotic resistance is still a bottleneck in the treatment and thus the symptoms of patients fail to be obviously relieved， with pelvic tissue adhesions remained. In the treatment of inflammation， traditional Chinese medicine has remarkable effect and internal-use and external-use medicines are both used， such as oral Chinese medicinal decoction， Chinese medicine enema， Chinese medicine iontophoresis， and acupuncture. They exert therapeutic effect by regulating the conduction of related signaling pathways and influencing the expression of inflammatory cytokines. At the moment， most articles focus on the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of PID， and there is a lack of summary on traditional Chinese medicine regulation of relevant signaling pathways and the pathogenesis of PID. Therefore， by summarizing relevant research， this review proposed five signaling pathways related to the occurrence of this disease， namely， transforming growth factor-β/Smads protein （TGF-β/Smads） signaling pathway， Janus kinase/signal transducer and transcription activator （JAK/STAT） signaling pathway， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， and Hippo signaling pathway， and described the pathogenesis of this disease. Thereby， this study is expected to provide effective targets and ideas for the treatment of this disease.关键词：traditional Chinese medicine;pelvic inflammatory disease;signaling pathway;pathogenesis;research progress
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：With the continuous development of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the requirement for the quality of Chinese medicines has become increasingly higher since they have been widely used in clinical practice. Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis for the inheritance and development of TCM， and their quality directly affects the clinical efficacy. Studying the quality of Chinese medicinal materials is the key to ensure the quality and realize the large-scale application. As one of rare Chinese medicinal materials， Cistanches Herba has the functions of tonifying kidney yang， invigorating blood and essence， moistening intestines to relieve constipation. High-quality Cistanches Herba is characterized by glossy appearance， high density， fleshy and soft texture， and sweet taste. With the reduction of wild resources， the products from cultivated Cistanche deserticola or C. tubulosa become dominant on the market of Cistanches Herba. The cultivation areas are widely distributed， mainly concentrated in Gansu， Inner Mongolia， and Xinjiang. However， the cultivated products have varied quality due to the differences in germplasm， producing region， cultivation method， harvesting， and processing. According to the theories of quality evaluation based on morphological characteristics and excellent appearance indicating high quality， this paper reviewed the literature on the quality evaluation， growth， development， and processing of Cistanches Herba in the last decade to explore the main factors （genetic characteristics， environmental conditions， and harvesting and processing factors） affecting the quality of Cistanches Herba. The review aims to explore the factors for the high quality and provide a reference for the producing region screening， directional cultivation， and production of Cistanches Herba.关键词：Cistanches Herba;high quality;excellent appearance;excellent quality;influencing factor
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：Biejiajian Wan， a classical formula for liver diseases， originated from Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. It has been applied in clinical settings for more than 2 000 years. According to modern pharmacological studies， it has anti-tumor， anti-fibrosis， and immunity-enhancing effects and thus is widely used for the treatment of liver fibrosis， hepatitis， liver injury， and other diseases. In recent years， accumulating evidence has proven the efficacy of this formula in the treatment of malignant tumors， especially liver cancer. This paper summarizes relevant papers in the last 20 years and summed up the anti-liver cancer mechanisms of Biejiajian Wan as regulating biological behaviors of liver cancer cells， anti-precancerosis， inhibiting tumor angiogenesis， modulating signaling pathways， suppressing activity of relevant enzymes， and regulating immunity. Moreover， this prescription can inhibit the proliferation， invasion， and metastasis of liver cancer cells， promote apoptosis of cells， suppress tumor angiogenesis， and boost immunity. In addition， it regulates Wnt/β-catenin， interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （IL-6/STAT3）， NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription （JAK-STAT）， Delta-like ligand 4-Notch （DLL4-Notch）， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Rho-associated kinase （Rho/ROCK）， transforming growth factor-β/Smad （TGF-β/Smad）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β （PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β）， and other signaling pathways. Thus， Biejiajian Wan is confirmed to have anti-liver cancer effect based on the molecular mechanisms. According to the summary of Biejiajian Wan in anti-liver cancer treatment， Biejiajian Wan alone or in combination with other drugs can significantly alleviate the symptoms， reduce adverse reactions， prolong the survival time with definite efficacy. Thus， it is safe with no adverse reactions in long-term use， which should be further promoted in clinical application. This paper analyzed Biejiajian Wan in the treatment of liver cancer based on the molecular mechanisms and clinical studies， summarized the limitations in current research， and put forward suggestions， which can lay a basis for the future in-depth research on and clinical application of Biejiajian Wan and development of anti-tumor drugs.关键词：Biejiajian Wan;liver cancer;mechanism;research progress;review
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发布时间：2023-08-22 - 摘要：Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is one of the typical microvascular complications in patients with diabetes and a major cause of end-stage renal disease， with the pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. It may be associated with hemodynamic effects， genetic factors， kidney inflammatory injury， oxidative stress， autophagy dysregulation， metabolic disorders and so on. Because of its complex mechanism， there are no specific prevention and treatment measures in clinical practice. AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway is a classical pathway involved in the regulation of autophagy. This pathway can be activated for treating DKD. Recent studies have demonstrated that the active components in Chinese medicinal herbs play a role in the prevention and treatment of DKD by directly acting on targeted cells and autophagy targets， which has attracted extensive attention. Researchers have extensively studied the occurrence and development of DKD and the mechanism of drug intervention in DKD， and the results prove that AMPK/mTOR pathway plays a role in the development of this disease. The active components in Chinese medicinal herbs regulate the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway to affect autophagy， alleviate oxidative stress， inflammation， and extracellular matrix aggregation， and promote the generation of autophagosomes， thus mitigating kidney injury. This paper mainly reviews the relationship between AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway， autophagy， and DKD and the mechanism of active components in Chinese medicinal herbs in mediating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of DKD.关键词：AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway;active components in Chinese medicinal herbs;autophagy;diabetic kidney disease;review
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发布时间：2023-08-22
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