最新刊期
卷 29 ， 期 3 ， 2023
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo study the intervention effect of Bixie Fenqingwan on hyperuricemia （HUA） rats by regulating urate transporters.MethodSixty healthy rats were randomly divided into normal， model， allopurinol （0.03 g·kg-1）， and Bixie Fenqingwan low-， medium- and high-dose （0.8， 1.6， 3.2 g·kg-1） groups， 10 in each group. Except the normal group， the other rats were given potassium oxonate 1.5 g·kg-1 and adenine 0.1 g·kg-1 for 28 consecutive days to establish the HUA rat model， and rats with increased serum uric acid （SUA） were considered successfully modeled. After modeling， corresponding drugs were given to the groups， once per day. Urine and blood was collected after 24 h of the final administration. The levels of urine uric acid （UUA）， SUA， blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and serum creatinine （SCr） were measured by enzymatic colorimetry. The rat kidneys were taken and weighed to calculate the kidney index. The pathological changes of kidney tissue were observed by haematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The protein and mRNA expressions of urate transporter 1 （URAT1）， glucose transporter 9 （GLUT9）， adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter protein G2 （ABCG2）， organic anion transporter 1 （OAT1） and organic anion 3 transporter （OAT3） in kidney tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， respectively.ResultCompared with the conditions in the normal group， the kidney index， levels of SUA， BUN and SCr， and protein and mRNA expressions of URAT1 and GLUT9 in kidney tissue were increased （P<0.05）， while the UUA level and protein and mRNA expressions of OAT1， OAT3 and ABCG2 were decreased in the model group （P<0.05）. In addition， there was compensatory dilatation with urate crystals and protein casts in renal tubules in the model group. Compared with the model group， the intervention groups had lowered kidney index （P<0.05）， reduced levels of SUA， BUN and SCr （P<0.05）， down-regulated protein and mRNA expressions of URAT1 and GLUT9 （P<0.05）， elevated UUA level （P<0.05） and up-regulated protein and mRNA expressions of OAT1， OAT3 and ABCG2 （P<0.05）， and the kidney tissue lesions were alleviated （P<0.05）.ConclusionBixie Fenqingwan has intervention effect on HUA， and its mechanism may be related to regulating urate transporters.关键词：Bixie Fenqingwan;hyperuricemia;urate transporters;rats
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Danggui Shaoyaosan （DSS） on the morphology and function of mitochondria in rats model of Alzheimer's disease （AD） and its possible mechanism.MethodRats model of AD was established by injection of streptozocin （STZ） into bilateral ventricles of SD rats. The 40 rats were randomly divided into sham group， model group， low， medium and high dosages of Danggui Shaoyaosan （12，24，36 g·kg-1·d-1） groups，observed the morphological changes of mitochondria in hippocampus of rats by electron microscopy after 14 days of continuous gavage. In situ end labeling（TUNEL） staining used to detect apoptosis and immunofluorescencereactive used to observe the expression of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ coactivator lalpha （PGC-1α），quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）detected the mRNA expression of dynamin-related protein 1 （Drp1），mitochondrial fusion protein 2 （MFN2） ，cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅳ （COX Ⅳ） and PGC-1α. Western blot detected the protein expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK），phosphorylation（p）-AMPK，recombinant Sirtuin 1 （SIRT1） and PGC-1α.ResultCompared with the sham group，the results of model group showed that the damage of mitochondria in hippocampus was more obvious，accelerated the ROS production and apoptosis rate （P<0.01），decreased the mRNA level of MFN2，COX Ⅳ，PGC-1α，increased the mRNA level of Drp1，and descended the protein of p-AMPK/AMPK，SIRT1，PGC-1α （P<0.05，P<0.01）.Compared with the model group，the medium and high dose of DSS group notably improved the damage of mitochondria，reduced the production of ROS and apoptosis rate （P<0.01），promoted the mRNA expression of MFN2，COX Ⅳ，PGC-1α，inhibited the mRNA expression of Drp1，and up-regulated the protein of p-AMPK/AMPK，SIRT1，PGC-1α （P<0.01）.ResultDSS can significantly ameliorate the mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance in AD rats.关键词：Danggui Shaoyaosan;Alzheimer's disease;mitochondrial homeostasis;adenosine 5'-monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase（AMPK）;recombinant sirtuin 1（SIRT1）;peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ coactivator l alpha（PGC-1α）
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the intervention effect of Chaihu and Longgu Mulitang （CLMT） on rat depression model prepared by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） based on cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）/protein kinase A （PKA）/cAMP-response element-binding protein （CREB）-brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） signaling pathway.MethodSixty SD rats were divided into normal group， model group， and CLMT low-， medium- and high-dose groups and fluoxetine group （positive control） according to random number table. They， except the normal group， were treated with CUMS for 49 days to prepare the rat depression model. The CLMT low-， medium- and high-dose groups were given 2.89， 5.78 11.56 g·kg-1 of CHMD granules， respectively， and the fluoxetine group was given 2.06 mg·kg-1 of fluoxetine hydrochloride on the 29th day. The normal group and the model group received equal volume of normal saline for 21 days. The behavioral performance of rats were observed by open field test and forced swim test. The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， norepinephrine （NE） and cAMP in rat hippocampus were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expressions of PKA， CREB， and BDNF in rat hippocampus were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and the protein expressions of PKA and BDNF were detected by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of CREB， and hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the morphological changes of hippocampus.ResultCompared with the conditions in the normal group， the immobility time of the model group in the forced swim test was increased （P<0.01） and the total movement distance， residence time in central area， number of entries in central area and movement distance in central area were decreased （P<0.01）. Additionally， the contents of 5-HT， NE and cAMP in hippocampus of the model group as well as the protein expressions of PKA， BDNF and CRE，the mRNA expressions of BDNF and CREB were lower than those in the normal group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the CLMT groups had reduced immobility time （P<0.01）， elevated total movement distance， residence time in central area， number of entries in central area and movement distance in central area （P<0.05， P<0.01）， up-regulated contents of 5-HT， NE and cAMP in hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and up-regulated protein expressions of PKA， BDNF and CREB and mRNA expressions of BDNF and CREB （P<0.01）. HE staining and Nissl staining showed that CLMT significantly improved the neuronal structure in rat hippocampus.ConclusionCLMT alleviates the anxiety and depression of rats. These effects may be mediated by regulating monoamine neurotransmitters 5-HT and NE in hippocampus of depressed rats， activating cAMP/PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway， up-regulating the expression of BDNF and protecting hippocampal structure and function .关键词：Chaihu and Longgu Mulitang;depression;cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）/protein kinase A （PKA）/cAMP-response element-binding protein （CREB）/brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） signaling pathway
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo study the effects of Wendantang on the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase receptors B （TrkB） and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein （CREB） in the hippocampus of rats with schizophrenia （SCZ）.MethodFifty-four rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， high （40 g·kg-1）， medium （20 g·kg-1）， low-dose （10 g·kg-1） Wendantang groups， and a clozapine （0.02 g·kg-1） group， with 9 rats in each group. All groups of rats were given corresponding drugs by gavage for 21 d. The normal and model groups were given equal volume of normal saline. Except the normal group， the other 5 groups were given 0.6 mg·kg-1 dizocilpine maleate （MK-801） at 2 hours after the last administration for intraperitoneal injection to induce the rat model of SCZ. The level of spontaneous activity of rats was observed by open field experiment. Histomorphological changes in the hippocampal CA1 area was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The protein expression levels of TrKB， phosphorylated-TrKB （p-TrKB）， CREB， and phosphorylated-CREB （p-CREB） were detected by Western blot. The protein expression levels of TrKB and CREB in the hippocampal CA1 area were observed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of TrKB and CREB in the hippocampus were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）.ResultAs compared with the normal group， the level of spontaneous activity in the model group was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The arrangement of neuronal cells in the hippocampus CA1 area was loose and disorganized， and some neurons were denatured in the model group. The protein expression levels of TrKB， p-TrKB， CREB， and p-CREB in the hippocampus， the protein expression levels of TrKB and CREB in the hippocampal CA1 area， and the mRNA expression of TrKB and CREB in the hippocampus were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the level of spontaneous activity in all Wendantang groups were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The neuronal cells in the hippocampal CA1 area of rats in all Wendantang groups were relatively neatly and closely arranged， the morphology of cell body was more regular， and neurons degeneration was rarely observed. The protein expression level of TrKB in the hippocampus was significantly higher in the medium and low-dose Wendantang groups （P<0.05）. The protein expression levels of p-TrKB， CREB， and p-CREB in the hippocampus were significantly higher in all Wendantang groups （P<0.05）. The protein expression of TrKB in the hippocampal CA1 area was significantly increased in all Wendantang groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expression of CREB in the hippocampal CA1 area was significantly increased in the medium and low-dose Wendantang groups （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of TrKB in the hippocampus was significantly increased in the high and low-dose Wendantang groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of CREB was significantly increased in the medium and low-dose Wendantang groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionWendantang can prevent the occurrence and development of SCZ and cognitive impairment by decreasing the level of spontaneous activity， improving the pathological damage of hippocampal neurons， and increasing the expression levels of TrKB， p-TrKB， CREB， and p-CREB.关键词：Wendantang;receptor tyrosine kinase receptors B （TrkB）;cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein （CREB）;schizophrenia;cognitive impairment
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo review the ancient and modern literature of Huanglian Ejiaotang and learn about the historical evolution and clinical application， thereby providing a theoretical basis for the modern application of the classical prescription.MethodLiterature in the Chinese Medical Classics Database was retrieved with "Huanglian Ejiaotang" as the keyword. In China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and PubMed， "Huanglian Ejiaotang" in Chinese and English was used as the keyword to retrieve literature. The items and modern clinical application studies related to the prescription， medicine， dosage， syndrome， and treatment of Huanglian Ejiaotang were selected and recorded. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen out literature. The information about the dynasty， book title， function， and indication was integrated to understand the history， evolution， and clinical application of Huanglian Ejiaotang.ResultFinally， 89 ancient books were included with 111 items. Huanglian Ejiaotang was initially recorded in ZHANG Zhongjing's Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases in the Han dynasty. It was composed of five herbs， namely Coptidis Rhizoma， Scutellariae Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Asini Corii Colla， and egg yolk. With the change of historical dynasties， the composition， origin basis， dosage， and preparation method of Huanglian Ejiaotang all changed， but the changes in the processing were not obvious， which was basically consistent with Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases. In addition， 48 studies were included to analyze the clinical application of Huanglian Ejiaotang， which was mainly used for insomnia， anxiety， depression， diabetes， and so on.ConclusionAccording to the ancient and modern literature， the origin basis， dosage， processing， decoction， administration， and other content of Huanglian Ejiaotang are consistent with Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases. The present clinical application has expanded the usage scale of the ancient record， which promotes the innovation and development of the classic prescription and provides references for later research， development， and accurate application.关键词：Huanglian Ejiaotang;Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases;historical evolution;clinical application;literature review
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo study the protective effect of Shoutaiwan-containing serum on the human chorionic trophoblast cells （HTR-8/Svneo） exposed to hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway and to decipher the underlying mechanism.MethodThe H2O2 solutions of 25， 50， 100， 200， 400 μmol·L-1 were used to treated the HTR-8/Svneo cells. The cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） was employed to measure the proliferation of the cells and further determine the optimal concentration of H2O2 solution for modeling and the drug-containing serum. The cells were divided into a blank group， a model group， a dydrogesterone group， and a Shoutaiwan group. The effect of drug-containing serum on H2O2-induced proliferation of HTR-8/Svneo cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） in each group was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of Nrf2， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1）， cysteine-containing aspartate-specific protease-3 （Caspase-3）， and B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 （Bcl-2）. Cellular immunofluorescence was employed to detect the expression of Nrf2 and Bcl-2. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was carried out to examine the mRNA level of Nrf2， Caspase-3， and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）.ResultThe optimal concentration of H2O2 for modeling was 50 μmol·L-1， and the optimal concentration of drug-containing serum was 10%. Compared with the blank group， the modeling decreased the proliferation of cells （P<0.01）， increased the intracellular ROS （P<0.01）， down-regulated the protein levels of Nrf2， HO-1， NQO1， and Bcl-2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， up-regulated the protein levels of Caspase-3 and Bax （P<0.01）， down-regulated the mRNA level of Nrf2 （P<0.01）， and up-regulated the mRNA levels of Caspase-3 and Bax （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Shoutaiwan-containing serum increased the proliferation of cells （P<0.01）， reduced the intracellular ROS （P<0.01）， up-regulated the protein levels of Nrf2， HO-1， NQO1， and Bcl-2 （P<0.01）， down-regulated the protein levels of Caspase-3 and Bax （P<0.05， P<0.01）， up-regulated the mRNA level of Nrf2 （P<0.05）， and down-regulated the mRNA levels of Caspase-3 and Bax （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionShoutaiwan-containing serum can inhibit H2O2-induced apoptosis by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and has protective effect on human chorionic trophoblast cells.关键词：Shoutaiwan;oxidative stress;apoptosis;human chorionic trophoblast cells;nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo predict the targets and signaling pathways of Si Junzitang and Tongxie Yaofang in treating ulcerative colitis （UC） following the concept of "same disease with different treatments" based on the network pharmacology and explore the underlying mechanisms.MethodThe differentially expressed genes （DEGs） of UC were extracted from GeoChip. The active components and corresponding potential targets of Si Junzitang and Tongxie Yaofang were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP）. The regulatory networks of Si Junzitang and Tongxie Yaofang were constructed and the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was plotted. The core genes were predicted， followed by enrichment analysis. The UC model was induced in mice by dextran sodium sulfate （DSS） solution. Mice were randomly divided into a normal group， a UC group， a Si Junzitang group， a Tongxie Yaofang group， and a mesalazine group. Drugs were administered continuously for 14 days. The disease activity index （DAI） was scored for mice in each group. The characteristic values of hemorheology were measured. The serum levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tissue factor （TF）， and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） in mice were detected. The relative mRNA expression levels of inhibitory kappa B kinase α （IKKα）， nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）， HIF-1α， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were measured.ResultA total of 44 genes were obtained by network pharmacological analysis， including 17 common genes. HIF-1 pathway and hypoxia response were potential common targets of Si Junzitang and Tongxie Yaofang in the treatment of UC. The results showed that Si Junzitang and Tongxie Yaofang could significantly reduce DAI score， increase blood perfusion volume and blood cell movement speed， decrease the concentration of mobile red blood cells， reduce the levels of IL-6， TF， and HIF-1α， down-regulate the mRNA expression of IKKα， NF-κB， HIF-1α， and VEGF.ConclusionThe HIF-1 pathway and related targets may be the common targets of Si Junzitang and Tongxie Yaofang to exert different therapeutic effects on the same disease. Si Junzitang is potent in promoting Qi circulation to improve intestinal tissue hypoxia， and Tongxie Yaofang is effective in promoting blood circulation to facilitate intestinal mucosal microcirculation.关键词：network pharmacology;Si Junzitang;Tongxie Yaofang;ulcerative colitis;same disease with different treatments
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Astragali Radix combined with Angelicae Sinensis Radix on the activation of adventitial fibroblasts in the rabbit model of intimal hyperplasia and decipher the underlying mechanism.MethodClean white rabbits of the same number of males and females were selected. They were randomly assigned into a sham operation group， a model group， an Astragali Radix group （1 g·kg-1）， an Angelicae Sinensis Radix group （1 g·kg-1）， and Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix groups at the ratios of 1∶1 （Astragali Radix 1 g·kg-1 + Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1 g·kg-1）， 1∶5 （Astragali Radix 1 g·kg-1 + Angelicae Sinensis Radix 5 g·kg-1）， and 5∶1 （Astragali Radix 5 g·kg-1 + Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1 g·kg-1）， and an atorvastatin calcium group （5 mg·kg-1）. The rabbit model of intimal hyperplasia was established by common carotid artery cannula combined with high-cholesterol diet. The sham operation group only underwent the separation operation and not the cannula. The sham operation group had been fed with normal diet and the other groups with high-cholesterol diet （2% cholesterol + 3% olive oil + 95% common diet） since the first day after operation. At the same time， drugs were administrated in corresponding groups， and the sham operation group and model group were administrated with distilled water （15 mL·kg-1） for 28 days. At the end of the experiment， blood was collected from abdominal aorta， and the morphological changes of adventitia were observed by Masson staining. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in adventitia was detected by immunohistochemical method. The expression of adventitial fibroblast marker vimentin and myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， which can reflect the activation of adventitial fibroblasts， was detected by immunofluorescence double staining. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）， Smad2， and p-Smad2.ResultCompared with the normal group， the modeling caused adventitial hyperplasia and up-regulated the expression of TNF-α， IL-1β， α-SMA， Vimentin， TGF-β1， Smad2， and phosphorylation（p）-Smad2 in the injured vessels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Astragali Radix combined with Angelicae Sinensis Radix at the ratios of 1∶1 and 5∶1 alleviated the adventitial hyperplasia and down-regulated the expression of TNF-α， IL-1β， α-SMA， Vimentin， TGF-β1， Smad2， and p-Smad2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionAstragali Radix combined with Angelicae Sinensis Radix， especially at the ratios of 1∶1 and 5∶1， can ameliorate the adventitial hyperplasia in the rabbit model of intimal hyperplasia by inhibiting the transformation of adventitial fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and reducing the local inflammation of blood vessels. The mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway.关键词：Astragali Radix;Angelicae Sinensis Radix;vascular adventitial fibroblasts;myofibroblasts;transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）/Smad2 signaling pathway
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Astragali Radix-Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata in the treatment of heart failure and substance basis based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometer （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） and network pharmacology.MethodThe chemical components of Astragali Radix-Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata solution was analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS， and the active components and targets were screened out by the PubChem database. The targets related to heart failure disease were retrieved from Comparative Toxicogenomics Database（CTD）， Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， and GeneCard databases， and the common targets were obtained by Venn analysis. The target protein-protein interactions （PPI） were analyzed using the STRING database. Gene ontology （GO） functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the Metascape database， and molecular docking verification of key targets and active components was performed using SYBYL-X 2.1.1. Experimental validation of key targets was carried out using the rat model of heart failure.ResultThere were 202 chemical components identified in Astragali Radix-Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata solution， of which 64 active components were predicted to act on 183 targets for the treatment of heart failure. The important active components were caffeic acid， L-arginine， biochanin A， adenine， nicotinic acid， trans-ferulic acid， p-coumaric acid， riboflavin， calycosin， etc. The main targets were interleukin （IL）-6， cysteine aspartic acid specific protease （Caspase）-3， vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA）， protein kinase B1 （Akt1）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， IL-1B， matrix metallopeptidase （MMP）-9， etc. The main signaling pathways involved hypoxia-inducible factor （HIF）-1 signaling pathway， TNF signaling pathway， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt signaling pathway， Toll-like receptor signaling pathway， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， forkhead box O （FoxO） signaling pathway， etc. The molecular docking results showed that the active components in Astragali Radix-Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata solution had a good binding ability with HIF-1α， VEGFA， Akt1， Caspase-3， and IL-6， which were the key proteins in the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Animal experiments showed that Astragali Radix-Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata solution significantly improved the hemodynamic indexes， reduced the serum atrial natriuretic peptide （ANP）， brain natriuretic peptide （BNP）， and IL-6 levels， improved the myocardial histopathological changes， protected the mitochondrial morphology of cardiomyocytes， down-regulated the expression of HIF-1α， VEGFA and phosphorylation（p）-Akt， and reduced the activation of Caspase-3 in the myocardial tissue of rats with heart failure.ConclusionAstragali Radix-Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata treats heart failure in a multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway manner. The experimental validation indicates that it treats heart failure by improving myocardial histopathological changes and regulating HIF-1 signaling pathway， which provides references for the subsequent pharmacodynamic substance research.关键词：heart failure;Astragali Radix;Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata;network pharmacology;hypoxia-inducible factor-1 （HIF-1） signaling pathway
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo study the effect of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription on the protein expression of metastasis-related factors in tumor microenvironment such as chemokine receptor 4 （CXCR4）， transformation growth factor-β （TGF-β）， integrin av β5 （ITGαv β5）， serum calcium-binding protein A4 （S100A4）， serum calcium-binding protein A8 （S100A8）， and serum calcium-binding protein A9 （S100A9） in the liver tissue of the nude mouse model of liver metastasis of colon cancer， and to explore the possible mechanism of its anti-liver metastasis of colon cancer.MethodBALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group， and Jianpi Xiaoai prescription low， medium， and high-dose groups. A nude mouse model of liver metastasis of human colon cancer was established. Jianpi Xiaoai prescription low， medium， and high-dose groups were given 5.4， 10.8， 21.6 g·kg-1 liquid medicine， respectively， and the model group and the blank group were given the same volume of distilled water by gavage， once a day for 3 consecutive weeks. 24 h after the last administration， the nude mice were sacrificed by neck removal， and the liver metastasis of each group was observed. Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of metastasis-related factors in the tumor microenvironment， such as CXCR4， TGF-β， ITGαv β5， S100A4， S100A8， and S100A9.ResultThe proportion of metastatic tumor area was 73% in the model group， 72% in the low-dose group， 55% in the medium-dose group， and 42% in the high-dose group. The high-dose group was significantly lower than the model group （P<0.05）. As compared with the model group， the expression of CXCR4， TFG-β， ITGαv β5， S100A8， and S100A9 in the Jianpi Xiaoai prescription high and medium-dose groups were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. As compared with the model group， the expression of S100A4 in the Jianpi Xiaoai prescription high， medium， and low-dose groups was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The expression of CXCR4， TFG-β， ITGαv β5， S100A8， and S100A9 in the Jianpi Xiaoai prescription low-dose group was not significantly different from that in the model group.ConclusionJianpi Xiaoai prescription can inhibit liver metastasis of colon cancer， and its mechanism may be related to the reduction of the expression of metastasis-related factors such as CXCR4， TGF-β， ITGαv β5， S100A4， S100A8， and S100A9 in tumor microenvironment.关键词：Jianpi Xiaoai prescription;colorectal cancer;liver;metastasis;tumor microenvironment
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Mashao Pingchuan decoction （MSPC） on lipopolysaccharides （LPS）-induced autophagy in human bronchial airway epithelial cells （16HBE） via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway.Method16HBE cells were selected for the study， and cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） was used to detect the activity of of LPS-induced 16HBE cells and the effect of MSPC-containing serum on the cells. Suitable LPS-induced 16HBE cells were screened by the CCK-8 method， and the content of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） was measured to identify the established model. And MSPC-containing serum was prepared. The cells were divided into normal group， LPS group， LPS+MSPC group， LY294002+LPS group and LY294002+LPS+MSPC group. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe the changes in autophagic vesicles and ultrastructure of the cells. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expressions of PI3K， phosphorylated PI3K （p-PI3K）， Akt， phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt）， mTOR， phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR） and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B （LC3B）， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the expressions of inflammatory factors interleukin-5 （IL-5）， IL-6， TNF-α and IL-10 in the five groups.ResultLPS inhibited the 16HBE cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the normal group， the LPS group （150 mg·L-1 of LPS） increased the expression of pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α after 24 h of treatment （P<0.05） and facilitated the autophagosome formation， and MSPC-containing serum exerted a concentration-dependent promotion effect on the 16HBE cells， inhibited the autophagy to a certain degree and enhanced the cell status. Western blot revealed that the protein expressions of p-PI3K， p-Akt and p-mTOR in the model group were lower （P<0.05） and the protein expression of LC3B was higher （P<0.01） than those in the normal group. Compared with the conditions in the LPS group， the protein expressions of p-PI3K， p-Akt and p-mTOR in the LPS+MSPC group were elevated （P<0.05） and that of LC3B was reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the LPS+LY294002 group， the LY294002+LPS+MSCP group had up-regulated protein expressions of p-PI3K， p-Akt and p-mTOR （P<0.05） and down-regulated protein expression of LC3B （P<0.05）. ELISA showed that the LPS group had higher levels of IL-5， IL-6， TNF-α and IL-10 than the normal group， while the levels of TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-8 were decreased （P<0.01） and the level of IL-10 was increased （P<0.01） after treatment with MSCP.ConclusionMSCP may lower the LPS-induced autophagy in 16HBE cells and improve the inflammatory response through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.关键词：asthma;autophagy;phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）;Mashao Pingchuan decoction;airway inflammation
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the tumor-suppressing effect of Shenqi Yiliu prescription combined with cisplatin in hepatoma H22-bearing mice based on the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten （PTEN）/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） pathway.MethodH22-bearing mice were prepared and randomized into model group， cisplatin group， and cisplatin combined with high-， medium-， and low-dose Shenqi Yiliu prescription groups， with 10 mice in each group. Another 10 healthy mice were randomly selected as normal group. Shenqi Yiliu prescription was given by gavage with the high， medium， low dose of 54.06， 27.03， 13.515 g·kg-1·d-1， respectively， and cisplatin （2.5 mg·kg-1） was administered by intraperitoneal injection， twice a week. Normal group and model group received normal saline. After 13 days of treatment， mice were killed and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The pathomorphological changes of tumor were observed based on hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and immunofluorescence method were used to detect the content of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A （p21） and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B （p27） in tumor tissue of mice. The levels of PTEN， PI3K and phosphorylated protein kinase B （p-Akt） in tumor tissue were measured by Western blot.ResultCompared with the model group， cisplatin alone and cisplatin in combination with the high-， medium-， and low-dose Shenqi Yiliu prescription decreased tumor mass （P<0.05）， particularly the cisplatin in combination with the high-dose Shenqi Yiliu prescription. Necrosis of the tumor tissue was observed in each group， especially the cisplatin combined with high-dose Shenqi Yiliu prescription group. As compared with the model group， cisplatin alone and cisplatin in combination with the high-， medium-， and low-dose Shenqi Yiliu prescription raised the expression of p21， p27， and PTEN （P<0.05） and lowered the expression of PI3K and p-Akt （P<0.05）， particularly the cisplatin in combination with high-dose Shenqi Yiliu prescription.ConclusionShenqi Yiliu prescription may regulate the expression of key molecules in PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， thereby upregulating the expression of downstream proliferation inhibitors p21 and p27， further suppressing the tumor in H22-bearing mice， and enhancing the effect of chemotherapy.关键词：Shenqi Yiliu prescription;cisplatin;phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten （PTEN）/phosphatidylinositol3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway;proliferation
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of polydatin on myeloma cell growth，apoptosis， and reactive oxygen species（ROS）/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） signaling pathway.MethodHuman multiple myeloma （MM） cell line U266 cells were cultured in vitro，and the effects of polydatin at 0，20，40，80，160，200 mg·L-1 on the growth of U266 cells were detected by cell counting kit-8（CCK-8）assay. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration（IC50）was calculated. U266 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into a control group， low- and high-dose polydatin （80 and 160 mg·L-1） groups， and a bortezomib （75 nmol·L-1） group. After treatment with corresponding drugs，the cell viability of each group was determined by CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis rate of each group was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of inflammatory factors， such as tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-1β（IL-1β）， and ROS in each group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein expression levels of apoptosis-related factors， including cysteine aspartate-specific protease-9（Caspase-9），B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein（Bax），p38 MAPK，and phosphorylated （p）-p38 MAPK in each group were detected by Western blot.ResultCompared with the results in the control group， polydatin of different concentrations could inhibit the growth of U266 cells （P<0.05），and the effect was potentiated with the increase in the concentration，with IC50 of 156.54 mg·L-1. Compared with the control group，the groups with drug treatment showed blunted cell viability （P<0.05） and increased apoptosis rate，TNF-α，IL-1β，and ROS levels， protein expression levels of Caspase-9， Bax，and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK （P<0.05）. Compared with the low-dose polydatin group， the high-dose polydatin group and the bortezomib group showed improved indicators mentioned above （P<0.05）， and there was no significant difference between the high-dose polydatin group and the bortezomib group.ConclusionPolydatin can activate the ROS/p38 MAPK signaling pathway，promote the expression of inflammatory factors，inhibit the growth of U266 cells，and promote their apoptosis.关键词：polydatin;multiple myeloma cells;growth;apoptosis;reactive oxygen species（ROS）/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） signaling pathway
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the protective effect of modified Shengmaisan on cardiac function in elderly patients with myocardial infarction based on the nuclear factor-κB/induction nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide （NF-κB/iNOS/NO） signaling pathway.MethodA total of 136 elderly patients with myocardial infarction treated in Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from december 2019 to december 2021 were included. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group， with 68 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine， and the observation group was treated with conventional western medicine + modified Shengmaisan. Both groups were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention for revascularization. The indexes related to cardiac function and levels of serum interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The echocardiographic index， cardiac function classification， changes in the NF-κB/iNOS/NO signaling pathway， oxidative stress indexes， and major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） of the two groups were compared.ResultCompared with those before treatment， the levels of N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-pro BNP）， serum inflammatory indexes， left ventricular end systolic volume （LVESV）， left ventricular end diastolic volume （LVEDV）， NO， iNOS， NF-κB p65， and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde （MDA） were significantly reduced （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and superoxide dismutase (SOD） were significantly increased （P<0.05）. After treatment， as compared with the control group， the levels of NT-pro BNP， serum inflammatory indexes， LVESV， LVEDV， NO， iNOS， NF-κB p65， and MDA in the observation group were significantly reduced （P<0.05）， and those of LVEF and SOD were significantly increased （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function classification between two groups. The incidence of MACE in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）.ConclusionModified Shengmaisan can significantly reduce NT-pro BNP and levels of serum inflammatory indexes in elderly patients with myocardial infarction， improve echocardiographic indexes， regulate the NF-κB/iNOS/NO signaling pathway， and reduce the oxidative stress index and the incidence of MACE， which has a good protective effect on cardiac function.关键词：nuclear factor-κB/induction nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide （NF-κB/iNOS/NO） signaling pathway;modified Shengmaisan;elderly patients with myocardial infarction;cardioprotection;N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-pro BNP）;inflammatory factors
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo perform a clinical comprehensive evaluation of Xianyu capsules in the treatment of epilepsy with wind-phlegm obstruction syndrome to provide methodological references for clinical rational medication and post-marketing research on Chinese medicine.MethodBased on evidence-based medicine，clinical epidemiology，clinical medicine，evidence-based pharmacy， and pharmacoeconomics，the clinical comprehensive evaluation was carried out from the "6 + 1" dimensions of safety，effectiveness，economy，innovation，suitability，and accessibility， as well as characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） using public data，literature data，pharmaceutical research，questionnaire survey， and other information by qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods in combination. Multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） model and CSC software V2.0 were adopted to evaluate the clinical value of Xianyu capsules. The evaluation results of each dimension were divided into four grades， i.e.， A，B，C， and D.ResultMultiple sources of safety evidence such as spontaneous reporting system （SRS） monitoring data，literature reports， and clinical studies showed that the main adverse reactions of Xianyu capsules were dizziness，drowsiness， and nausea，and there were no serious adverse reactions. Due to the sufficient evidence and the controllable risk， they were graded B for the safety. Meta-analysis showed that Xianyu capsules combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of epilepsy were better than conventional western medicine alone in reducing the frequency of seizures （times/month） and improving the total clinical effective rate，and they were graded B for the effectiveness. The results of pharmacoeconomic research showed that Xianyu capsules combined with conventional western medicine （magnesium valproate sustained-release tablets） had cost-effectiveness advantages over magnesium valproate sustained-release tablets alone in the treatment of epilepsy，but the level of incremental effect was not significant. Therefore， they were graded B for economy. Xianyu capsules are the only Chinese patent medicine that can treat epilepsy under the list of phlegm-eliminating and orifices-opening agents with aromatics in the current national medical insurance catalogue. They are designed for the syndrome of wind-phlegm obstruction with clear syndrome type. The company has insisted on inheritance and innovation based on the classic famous prescriptions by virtue of modern science and technology，and obtained a number of patents for invention. Hence， they were graded A for the innovation. The questionnaire results showed that the use of drugs could meet the medication needs of clinical doctors and patients，and the publicity materials such as instructions and labels were accurate and complete without exaggeration and misleading. The information service of drug instructions，labels， and packaging was normative. According to the comprehensive questionnaire and the information service results of Chinese patent medicine，they were graded A for the suitability. Compared with the price of similar drugs，the price of Xianyu capsules is moderate. The cost of treatment accounts for a high proportion of per capita disposable income and is generally affordable. Because of a wide sales scope， sustainable medicinal material resources， and good availability，they were graded B for the accessibility. Xianyu capsules are derived from the combination of the classic prescriptions Qianzhengsan and Tianma Goutengyin， which are designed for the syndrome of wind-phlegm obstruction with rich experience in human use. Hence， they were rated as grade B for TCM characteristics. Based on the evidence evaluation results of "6 + 1" dimensions of Xianyu capsules，the comprehensive evaluation of clinical value was B.ConclusionThe clinical value of Xianyu capsules in the treatment of epilepsy with wind-phlegm obstruction syndrome is high，and the TCM characteristics are prominent. It is suggested to convert into the relevant policy results of basic clinical medication management according to the procedure.关键词：Xianyu capsules;epilepsy;wind-phlegm obstruction syndrome;clinical comprehensive evaluation;multi-criteria decision analysis;Qianzhengsan;Tianma Goutengyin
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Wuwei Fuzheng Yijing decoction on sperm DNA integrity in male infertility patients.MethodOne hundred male infertility patients with sperm DNA damage （spleen and kidney Qi deficiency and blood stasis） that met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into an observation group （Wuwei Fuzheng Yijing decoction） and a control group （L-carnitine oral solution）， with 50 cases in each group. After 12 weeks of treatment， the DNA fragmentation index （DFI） and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， progressive sperm motility （PR）， sperm survival rate， and sperm concentration of the two groups before and after treatment were observed and compared.ResultThe total effective rate of the observation group was 89.80% （44/49） higher than 62.50% （30/48） of the control group （P<0.05）. Compared with the conditions before treatment， the DFI and TCM syndrome score of the two groups were reduced after treatment， while the PR， sperm survival rate， and sperm concentration were increased （P<0.05）， and the observation group was superior to the control group in terms of the above indexes （P<0.05）.ConclusionWuwei Fuzheng Yijing decoction obviously repairs sperm DNA of male infertility patients and improves sperm quality， with high safety.关键词：sperm DNA integrity;sperm DNA fragmentation index （DFI）;male infertility;Wuwei Fuzheng Yijing decoction;vital Qi deficiency leading to easy invasion of pathogenic Qi;Wuzi Yanzongwan
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the anti-convulsant activity of goat horn and its effect on the main neurotransmitters in the brain of model mice.MethodA total of 120 mice were randomly divided into a blank group，a model group，a positive drug group （estazolam， 1 mg·kg-1）， a Saigae Tataricae Cornu （STC， 0.2 g·kg-1） group， and low- （1.25 g·kg-1） and high-dose （2.5 g·kg-1） goat horn groups. Drugs were administered by gavage once at 10 mL·kg-1. Those in the blank group and the model group were given the same volume of 0.2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC-Na）. The mice underwent threshold electrical stimulation once 2 h after administration. Ankylosing convulsion in the hind limbs of mice was used as the index to calculate the recovery period， convulsion rate， and mortality of ankylosing convulsion. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） was established to analyze the changes in the content of the main neurotransmitters in the brain tissues of mice.ResultTwo hours after intragastric administration of goat horn powder to mice， the recovery period of convulsion could be shortened and the convulsion rate and mortality were reduced （P<0.05）. In terms of anti-convulsant effect， the groups were ranked as follows： high-dose goat horn group > STC group > low-dose goat horn group. UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that compared with the results in the model group， goat horn powder and STC decreased the content of glutamic acid and aspartic acid （P<0.05） and increased the content of glycine， γ-aminobutyric acid， and 5-hydroxytryptamine （P<0.05）.ConclusionThe results showed that goat horn had a significant anti-convulsant effect on the electroshock-induced convulsion mouse model， and the underlying mechanism was presumably attributed to the improvement of the development of convulsion by regulating the changes in neurotransmitter content in brain tissues.关键词：goat horn;electroshock-induced convulsion model;neurotransmitter;ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveThe functional model of six major components of Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix combination against the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） was constructed by uniform design， the relationship between the compatibility of these six main components and the inhibition of VSMCs proliferation was analyzed， and the effect of the compatibility of these main components of Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix on the proliferation of VSMCs as well as the feasibility of uniform design test in the study of multi-component compatibility of Chinese medicines were discussed.MethodCell proliferation and toxicity assay kit （CCK-8） method was used to determine the inhibitory effect of the six components of Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix on platelet derived growth factor-BB （PDGF-BB）-induced VSMCs proliferation in rats and the half inhibitory concentration （IC50） of each component were obtained. Six chemical components of Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix （formononetin， astragaloside Ⅰ， astragaloside Ⅳ， calycosin， ferulic acid and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside） were taken as the independent variables X1， X2， X3， X4， X5， X6， respectively， and the cell proliferation inhibition rate as the dependent variable Y. U
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发布时间：2023-01-03 -
Analysis on Difference Between Ancient Decocting Methods and Modern Decocting Methods of Yihuangtang 增强出版
摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the differences between the ancient decocting methods and modern decocting method of Yihuangtang by taking the dry extract rate， the content of active ingredients and the fingerprint information as indicators， so as to provide reference for the preparation of benchmark samples and the development of compound preparations of this famous classical formula.MethodAccording to the three decocting methods recorded in Paozhi Dafa and Jianming Yigou and Management Specifications of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Chambers in Medical Institutions， the Yihuangtang was decocted respectively. The polysaccharide content in the samples was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer （UV） at 488 nm， and the contents of alkaloids （berberine hydrochloride， phellodendrine chloride and magnoflorine） in the samples and their fingerprint profiles were determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， and the dry extract rate was combined to compare the differences of the three decocting methods of Yihuangtang. Among them， the fingerprint was gradient eluted with acetonitrile （A） -0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （B） as mobile phase （0-10 min， 5%-8%A； 10-35 min， 8%A； 35-45 min， 8%-12% A； 45-75 min， 12%-17%A； 75-105 min， 17%-35%A； 105-110 min， 35%-100%A； 110-112 min， 100%-5%A； 112-122 min， 5%A）， and the detection wavelength was 230 nm.ResultWhen the decoction was carried out according to the method described in Paozhi Dafa， the content of polysaccharides was higher than that of the modern decocting method and the method described in Jianming Yigou. However， the contents of berberine hydrochloride， phellodendrine chloride and magnoflorine were the highest in the modern decocting method. Meanwhile， the number of peaks in fingerprint of the samples prepared by the three decocting methods was basically the same， and 13 common peaks were matched， and the three common peaks of berberine hydrochloride， phellodendrine chloride and magnoflorine were identified. However， the relative peak areas of the common peaks in the fingerprint of the samples prepared by the three decocting methods varied greatly， suggesting that there were differences in the extracting effects of different decocting methods. In addition， there were also differences in the dry extract rate among the three decocting methods of Yihuangtang， and the highest value was obtained by decocting the samples according to the method recorded in Paozhi Dafa.ConclusionDecocting method can affect the dry extract rate， fingerprint information and active ingredient content of Yihuangtang， among which the modern decocting method is conducive to the extraction of alkaloids and the preparation transformation of this famous classical formula， and it is recommended to determine its preparation process by optimizing the modern decocting method.关键词：famous classical formulas;Yihuangtang;decocting methods;dry extract rate;polysaccharides;alkaloids;high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprint- 37
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the potential suitable distribution area and spatial production area of high-quality medicinal materials of Miao medicine Laportea bulbifera.MethodBased on 200 distribution spots of L. bulbifera and 120 ecological factors, the maximum entropy model（MaxEnt） and ArcGIS software were applied to predict the potential suitable areas. The content of rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and quercitrin from 33 batches of L. bulbifera in Guizhou province was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Combined with the previous content data of total polysaccharides and total flavonoids, the correlation between the main pharmacodynamic components of L. bulbifera and ecological factors was analyzed. Eventually, the quality regionalization of L. bulbifera was exhibited by the collocated Cokriging in ArcGIS.ResultThe optimum distribution areas of L. bulbifera were Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, and Hubei provinces in China, and the high and medium suitable areas accounted for 59.48% of the total distribution areas. October precipitation, slope, min temperature of the coldest month, altitude, solar radiation intensity in June, and April precipitation were the main ecological factors affecting the growth and distribution of L. bulbifera. Temperature, radiation intensity, precipitation, and soil composition and properties had great effects on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in L. bulbifera. The results showed that the high-quality areas of L. bulbifera mainly included Leishan county, Kaili city, Qingzhen city, Pingba district, Huishui county, Longli county, Kaiyang county, and Jiangkou county in Guizhou province.ConclusionL. bulbifera is widely distributed in China， but the suitable distribution areas are mainly concentrated in southwest China and part of central China. The planting bases of L. bulbifera can be selected in parts of cities and counties in southeast and central Guizhou province. In this study， the potential suitable growing areas and the optimum planting areas of L. bulbifera in Guizhou were predicted， which could provide scientific references for the cultivation and the site selection of large-scale planting for L. bulbifera.关键词：maximum entropy model（MaxEnt）;ArcGIS;Laportea bulbifera;suitability evaluation;quality regionalization;spatial interpolation
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：Owing to the advancement of high-throughput microbial 16S ribosomal RNA （16S rRNA） gene sequencing， respiratory and intestinal flora has become a research hotspot in China and abroad in recent years. At the moment， it has been verified that intestinal flora is closely related to various respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis， chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）， asthma， and lung infection. The causal relationship between COPD and intestinal flora is still unclear. In clinical settings， COPD is characterized by gastrointestinal disorders such as anorexia， abdominal distension， and constipation， and malnutrition， which are closely related to the imbalance of intestinal flora. According to modern medicine， intestinal microbiota participates in the metabolism of energy and nutrients and immune defense in the host through the common mucosal immune system， thereby involving the progression of diseases. In addition， metabolites of intestinal flora mediate lung immune dysfunction through the immunoregulation of remote organs， causing pulmonary and intestinal microdysbiosis and affecting the occurrence and development of COPD. COPD belongs to the category of "lung distension" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The pathogenesis of microdysbiosis in COPD is closely related to the lung， spleen， and intestine. Particularly the transportation and transformation of water and grains and the defense against external pathogens in TCM are consistent with the mechanisms of intestinal flora disturbance in COPD in modern medicine. The interior-exterior relationship between lung and large intestine， linkage between spleen and small intestine， and lung and spleen in the meridian of taiyin in TCM can well explain the microdysbiosis in COPD. Based on available research outcomes in modern medicine， this paper discusses the relationship between the flora in lung and intestine and microdysbiosis in COPD in TCM. The author believes that the "lung-spleen-intestine" mode in TCM is a new perspective for the research on microdysbiosis in COPD， which is conducive to the prevention and treatment of COPD.关键词：chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）;intestinal flora;microecology;lung-spleen-intestine;lung-gut axis
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：The basic pathological change of diabetic macroangiopathy is atherosclerosis （AS）， which is mainly associated with vascular endothelial cells （VECs） injury， oxidative stress， glucose and lipid metabolism disorders， hemorheological abnormalities， and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The injury and dysfunction of VECs are the initiating factors of diabetic macroangiopathy. Autophagy is a subcellular self-protection mechanism that regulates basic intracellular metabolism through lysosome-mediated degradation of proteins and damaged organelles to maintain homeostasis. Insufficient autophagy of VECs leads to enhanced inflammation， apoptosis， and oxidative stress of VECs， which promotes AS. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， diabetic macroangiopathy corresponds to the syndrome of internal deficiency and pathogen invasion， with Qi deficiency and stagnation as the key pathogenesis. Qi deficiency is the root cause， and Qi stagnation is the manifestation. The disease occurs with the initial cause of nutrient-defense disharmony and instability of vessels， the main cause of the deficiency of kidney Qi and the lack of source for generation and transformation， the internal cause of Qi and blood loss in the viscera and the stagnation of Qi， blood， and fluid， and the superficial cause of the stagnation of pathological products and the damage of vessels. Autophagy is a microscopic manifestation of Qi， which has the function of dispelling pathogens and maintaining homeostasis. Insufficient autophagy of VECs leads to Qi deficiency and stagnation， and the gradual deficiency and heavy stagnation of Qi lead to insufficient autophagy， which form a vicious cycle. Modern research has demonstrated that regulating the autophagy of VECs is the main way to prevent and treat AS， and TCM can exert the therapeutic effect in a multi-target and multi-pathway manner. Therefore， based on the theory of Qi deficiency and stagnation， the method of tonifying deficiency of and removing stagnation can be adopted to select prescriptions for regulating the autophagy of VECs and treating AS， which can slow down the procession of diabetic macroangiopathy.关键词：Qi deficiency and stagnation;autophagy;diabetic macroangiopathy;vascular endothelial cells;atherosclerosis
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：Depression， a mental disorder with high incidence， threatens people's health and causes heavy economic burden. In recent years， the research on the pathogenesis of depression is no longer limited to neurotransmitters， hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis， and oxidative stress， and neuroinflammation draws increasing attention. Studies have demonstrated that the NOD-like receptor family， pyrin domain-containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome as a bridge connecting psychological stress and depression can initiate inflammatory cascade to induce depression. This article expounds the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and depression and introduces the mechanisms and targets of NLRP3 inflammasome in regulating depression. Further， we summarize the research progress in the treatment of depression with traditional Chinese medicine， which regulates NLRP3 inflammasomes to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines. This review is expected to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of depression.关键词：NOD-like receptor family， pyrin domain-containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome;depression;traditional Chinese medicine;research progress
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：Osteoporosis， a common metabolic bone disease， is caused by the imbalance of bone homeostasis. Bone homeostasis depends on the dynamic balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone matrix formation by mesenchymal lineage osteoblasts and involves a series of complex and highly regulated steps. When bone resorption is faster than bone formation， bone homeostasis will be destroyed， which will lead to osteoporosis. Autophagy is a protein and organelle degradation pathway important for the maintenance of cytoplasmic homeostasis. The basal level of autophagy is present in all the three types of bone cells. Autophagy is a process whereby damaged organelles are recycled and bone remodeling continues， and thus it plays an important role in bone maintenance. Therefore， it is possible to regulate bone metabolism by targeting specific autophagy-related molecules. At the same time， as the research on the treatment of osteoporosis by Chinese medicine advances， it is found that the monomers isolated from traditional Chinese medicinals have the potential of regulating autophagy in the treatment of osteoporosis. Thus， this paper discusses the relationship between autophagy and osteoporosis and summarizes six different mechanisms of 22 Chinese medicine monomers in the treatment of osteoporosis through targeting autophagy： increasing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells， promoting osteoblast mineralization， inhibiting osteoclasts differentiation， reducing apoptosis of bone cells， antagonizing oxidative stress injury， and coordinating inflammation and autophagy levels. The review is expected to provide a reference and ideas for future research on the treatment of osteoporosis by Chinese medicine monomers.关键词：osteoporosis;Chinese medicine monomers;autophagy;review
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：Helicobacter pylori （Hp）， a spiral-shaped microaerophilic Gram-negative bacterium that has been classified as a class Ⅰ carcinogen by the World Health Organization， is associated with a variety of digestive system diseases. With the popularization of antibiotic therapy， Hp resistance has become the main reason for the failure of the eradication treatment of Hp. A variety of Chinese medicines have been proved to have anti-Hp effects， which are expected to serve as new options for the eradication of Hp. By reviewing the recent literature in China and abroad， we summarized the understanding of Chinese medicines in the treatment of Hp infection and elaborated on the mechanisms from two aspects： direct killing and indirect inhibition. On the one hand， Chinese medicines can directly kill Hp by inhibiting the growth， respiration， and metabolism of Hp， destroying the morphological structure of Hp， and inhibiting the formation of Hp biofilm. On the other hand， Chinese medicines can inhibit Hp by reducing Hp adhesion and colonization， regulating Hp-caused immune response， inhibiting Hp-caused inflammation， and alleviating the Hp-caused oxidative stress and gastric mucosal injury. Specifically， the indirect inhibition of Hp can be achieved via the following ways. Chinese medicines can reduce Hp adhesion and colonization by reducing Hp motility， inhibiting urease activity and the expression of related genes， and decreasing the production of adhesion proteins. They can regulate the Hp-caused immune responses by enhancing the immune protective response， modulating lysosomal function and immune cytokines， avoiding the immune evasion of Hp， and maintaining the balance between immunity and inflammation. Chinese medicines can inhibit Hp-caused inflammatory responses by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines， down-regulating the expression of virulence factors， and regulating the targets and signaling pathways in the treatment of inflammation. In addition， Chinese medicines can alleviate the Hp-caused oxidative stress and gastric mucosal injury by improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes and oxidases， regulating the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen， and inhibiting inflammatory mediators. This article systematically introduces the mechanisms of Chinese medicines against Hp， aiming to provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the research and clinical application of Chinese medicines against Hp.关键词：Chinese medicines;Helicobacter pylori;adhesion and colonization;immunity;inflammation;anti-oxidation;mechanism
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：Cannabis is a traditional industrial crop that has been used for thousands of years for medicines， foods， and textiles. Due to its active components， cannabis has attracted extensive attention in the pharmaceutical industry at home and abroad. Currently， 55 countries around the world have legalized medical marijuana， and two provinces in China， Yunnan and Heilongjiang， can legally cultivate and process industrial hemp. However， the low content of cannabidiol （CBD） in industrial hemp is not conducive to subsequent development and research. Based on this， the author took medicinal cannabis， defined by CHEN Shilin′s team as tetrahydrocannabinol （THC） content<0.3% and high CBD content， as the research object， and reviewed four aspects of the active ingredients of medicinal cannabis， the isolation and purification technology of CBD， the development and application of cannabinoid-related products and the breeding methods of medicinal cannabis. Through combing， it is suggested that subsequent research should focus on excavation of genes of CBD synthesis， molecular breeding of evolutionary cannabis by gene editing technology， development of green extraction process， discovery of more active ingredients， and high yield of CBD through synthetic biology and cell-free system， with a view to provide reference for the development and application of medicinal cannabis in China.关键词：medicinal cannabis;cannabinoids;cannabidiol （CBD）;tetrahydrocannabinol （THC）;separation and purification;product development;plant breeding
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：Cyperi Rhizoma is a common Chinese medicine in clinical practice， which has a long history of processing. In order to sort out the process of its processing， starting with the angle of processing excipients， the historical evolution and developmental venation of Cyperi Rhizoma processing were analyzed and summarized by consulting relevant literature of ancient medical records and modern codes. After combing the ancient and modern literature， it was found that there were many processing methods of Cyperi Rhizoma， the processing methods without auxiliary materials included frying， boiling， steaming and so on， and the adding auxiliary materials included vinegar， ginger， salt， multiple excipients， etc. However， with the evolution of history， some characteristic excipients have gradually disappeared， while vinegar-processed products are mainly used in modern times. Meanwhile， processing methods of Cyperi Rhizoma are well documented in various processing standards， the phenomenon of multiple methods adopted in one place and different methods in different places exists， which lacks unified quality standards and leads to uneven quality of Cyperi Rhizoma decoction pieces， which may even affect the safety and effectiveness of its clinical medication. Based on this， the problems existing in the processing research of Cyperi Rhizoma were analyzed in this paper， and made an outlook on the inheritance of the ancient processing methods and the quality standard improvement of the decoction pieces， in order to provide important literature evidence and theoretical support for the study of processing process and mechanism of Cyperi Rhizoma.关键词：Cyperi Rhizoma;excipients;processing of traditional Chinese medicine;historical evolution;local processing specification;processing mechanism;quality standard
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：The in-depth study of the intervention of endometriosis （EMS） with Chinese medicines has revealed many pathways that can be regulated by Chinese medicines in the treatment of EMS. Chinese medicinal compound prescriptions， single Chinese herbal medicines， or their active ingredients treat EMS via the signaling pathways discussed in this paper. They can directly or indirectly regulate the expression of key molecules in the corresponding signaling pathways to inhibit the proliferation of endometriotic cells and the inflammatory changes of endometrial tissue， promote the apoptosis of endometriotic cells， change the pain threshold， and reduce endometriotic cell invasion， so as to achieve the therapeutic effects of inhibiting EMS progression， improving endometrial receptivity， and reducing ovarian injury. The following details are based on relevant studies conducted both at home and abroad. Curcumol can inhibit angiogenesis and promote cell apoptosis by blocking the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. Icariin can reduce inflammation and promote cell apoptosis by blocking the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. Puerarin can suppress cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway and blocking the estrogen signaling pathway. Naringenin has the ability to activate the MAPK signaling pathway to promote cell apoptosis. Imperatorin can inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Resveratrol can inhibit cell proliferation and alleviate fibrosis and adhesion by blocking the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway. Paeonol can inhibit angiogenesis by blocking the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway. The above summary can serve as a reference for the future clinical treatment or experimental research of EMS with Chinese medicines.关键词：Chinese medicines;endometriosis;pathways;research progress
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：Functionalized liposomes can improve the in vivo process of drugs to achieve high-efficiency delivery by enhancing drug absorption， changing drug distribution and reducing the elimination， which is one of the hotspots in nanomedicine research with broad application prospects. However， the drug information published by official websites of National Medical Products Administration （NMPA）， the United States Food and Drug Administration （FDA）， and the European Medicines Agency （EMA） shows that there are few liposomal products on the market， and the domestic varieties are mainly generic drugs. Excepting for polyethylene glycolized （PEGylated） liposomes， no other functionalized liposomes have been approved for marketing， which indicates that the clinical translation of functionalized liposomes remains at a low level. Therefore， the relevant reports of functionalized liposomes in recent years were reviewed in this paper， their application advantages and main challenges in preparation research and development were discussed based on the in vivo process， and their low clinical translation mainly because of the insufficient clinical thinking， safety and efficacy of functional materials， inaccurate in vitro and in vivo analysis methods and difficulty in scaling up production. Meanwhile， the possible strategies such as introducing the concept of clinical multi-function to improve clinical acuity， focusing on examining the modification density of functional materials and the interaction between the modified materials， evaluating the drug delivery performance of functionalized liposomes from multiple perspectives and scenarios， and conducting cost and convenience-oriented formulation composition and preparation process optimization were proposed in order to provide a reference for the development of functionalized liposomes and other carrier-based nanomedicines.关键词：liposomes;functionalization;in vitro and in vivo evaluation;clinical translation;safety;coping strategies
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：Osteosarcoma， a common primary bone malignancy， features high heterogeneity， poor prognosis， high propensity for local invasion and distant metastasis， and high mortality. At the moment， the major therapy is the combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and limb salvage surgery， which remarkably reduces the disability rate and fatality rate. However， long-term use of chemotherapeutic drugs leads to the acquisition of drug resistance by osteosarcoma cells and reduces the sensitivity of the tumor cells to the drugs. Thus， this therapy is not satisfactory. In recent years， amid the advancement in the treatment of tumor， Chinese medicine has attracted extensive attention for the obvious therapeutic effect and few adverse reactions. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） /mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway， as a classic cancer signaling pathway， is abnormally activated in osteosarcoma cells， which affects the proliferation， invasion， and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by influencing the cycle of tumor cells， inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy of tumor cells， and promoting tumor angiogenesis. According to clinical research， Chinese medicine monomers influence proliferation， apoptosis， and autophagy of osteosarcoma cells and angiogenesis by regulating the activity of proteins in PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway， thereby suppressing osteosarcoma tissues and cells. Moreover， they can reverse the resistance of tumor cells to multiple anticancer drugs. Based on the knowledge and experience of Chinese medicine in the treatment of osteosarcoma， this paper reviews the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the treatment of osteosarcoma by Chinese medicine monomers， which is expected to serve as a reference for the application of Chinese medicine in the treatment of osteosarcoma.关键词：osteosarcoma;phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin （PI3K/Akt/mTOR） signaling pathway;Chinese medicine;Chinese medicine monomer;tumor cell
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：Diabetic foot ulcer is a serious and destructive complication of diabetes， with the rates of disability and mortality increasing year by year， which poses a serious threat to human physical and mental health. In the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the combination of syndrome differentiation and overall concept can not only alleviate TCM syndrome but also accelerate wound healing， reduce wound recurrence， delay the further deterioration of diabetic foot ulcer， and decrease the rates of disability and mortality. Modern studies have demonstrated that the difficult healing of diabetic foot ulcer is closely associated with the abnormal distribution of cytokines such as inflammatory cytokines， growth factors， and chemokines. With the deepening of modern medical research on TCM， the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer via regulation of cytokines by Chinese medicinal monomers and prescriptions has become a research focus. This paper summarizes the current research status at home and abroad and draws the following conclusions. ① Sesamol， geniposide， Danggui Buxuetang， and Zizhu ointment can regulate tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-1， IL-6， IL-10 and other inflammatory cytokines to inhibit wound inflammation. ② Angelicae Dahuricae Radix， salvianolic acid B， Sixiao powder， Badu Shengji ointment （Zhuang medicine）， etc.， regulate vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， platelet-derived growth factor （PDGF）， transforming growth factor （TGF）， epidermal growth factor （EGF） and other growth factors to promote collagen deposition and angiogenesis on wound surface. ③ Paeoniflorin， cryptanshinone， bee venom， and Huiyang Shengji decoction regulate CXC chemokine ligand （CXCL） 1， CXCL2， C-C chemokine ligand （CCL） 2， CCL3， stromal cell-derived factor-1α （SDF-1α）， monocyte chemoattract protein-1 （MCP-1） and other chemokines to reduce inflammatory response and promote neovascularization and wound granulation tissue formation. ④ In the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer， Chinese medicinal monomers and prescriptions have different and complicated mechanisms. The multi-target treatment manner determines that Chinese medicines can act on a variety of cytokines to participate in various stages of wound healing and thus play a therapeutic role. The conclusion above aims to provide ideas for the experimental research and clinical treatment of diabetic foot ulcer with TCM in the future.关键词：traditional Chinese medicine;diabetic foot ulcer;cytokine;inflammatory cytokine;growth factor;chemokine
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发布时间：2023-01-03 - 摘要：In recent years， with the increasing social aging， the incidence of Alzheimer's disease （AD）， a neurodegenerative disease， is increasing. Due to its complex pathogenesis， there have been no effective prevention and treatment methods at present. The main pathological feature of AD is the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein （Tau） and amyloid β-protein （Aβ） in cells to form a large number of senile plaques. Autophagy is a protective mechanism in body that maintains homeostasis by removing abnormal proteins. Studies have shown that regulating autophagy pathway can affect Tau and Aβ in cells and achieve the purpose of treating AD. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is characterized by multiple pathways， components and targets， which has unique advantages in the treatment of AD with unknown pathogenesis. At present， the prevention and treatment of AD by TCM has achieved initial success. Researchers have found that many single TCMs and TCM compounds treat AD by affecting autophagy-related pathways and regulating the autophagy activity. Therefore， this paper summarized the relevant research in recent years， described the active components of single TCMs and TCM compounds by classification， and discussed the generation and removal of phosphorylated Tau proteins and Aβ in cells regulated by different categories of active components and compounds via influencing tautophagy-related pathways to delay the process of AD， which facilitated the prevention and treatment of AD by TCM via influencing autophagy as the breakthrough point.关键词：Alzheimer's disease;autophagy;tau protein;amyloid β-protein
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发布时间：2023-01-03
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