最新刊期
卷 30 ， 期 10 ， 2024
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the effect and mechanism of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang on the progression of atherosclerosis （AS） mice based on the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in foam cells by transient receptor potential channel ankyrin 1 （TRPA1）.MethodThe AS model was established on apolipoprotein E knockout （ApoE-/-） mice with a high-fat diet. The mice were randomly divided into low-dose， middle-dose， and high-dose groups of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang （2.97， 5.94， 11.88 g·kg-1） and simvastatin group （0.002 g·kg-1）， and the drug was administered along with a high-fat diet. C57BL/6J mice were fed an ordinary diet as a normal group. After the above process， the aorta and serum of mice were taken. The pathological changes of the aortic root were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The lipid plaques in the aorta were observed by gross oil redness. Serum levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） were detected， and the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-18 （IL-18） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot and immunohistochemical method were used to analyze the expression of TRPA1， ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 （ABCA1）， ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 （ABCG1）， and mannose receptor （CD206）.ResultFrom the perspective of drug efficacy， compared with the normal group， pathological changes such as plaque， a large number of foam cells， and cholesterol crystals appeared in the aorta of the model group， and the serum levels of TC， LDL-C， IL-1β， and IL-18 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The HDL-C level was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the CD206 level in aortic tissue was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the lipid deposition in the aorta was alleviated in all drug administration groups. In addition， except for the high-dose group of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang， all drug administration groups could significantly decrease the levels of TC and LDL-C （P<0.01）. In terms of inflammation， except for the middle-dose group of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang， the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly decreased in all drug administration groups （P<0.05）. Moreover， Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang could also up-regulate the levels of CD206， and the difference was significant in the middle-dose and high-dose groups （P<0.05）. From the perspective of mechanism， the expression levels of TRPA1， ABCA1， and ABCG1 in the aorta in the model group were lower than those in the normal group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， all drug administration groups significantly increased the expression of TRPA1 in the aorta （P<0.05）， and the expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1 were increased. The differences in the middle-dose and high-dose groups and the simvastatin group were significant （P<0.05）， which was basically consistent with the trend of immunohistochemical results.ConclusionZhishi Xiebai Guizhitang can effectively reduce blood lipid and inflammation levels and inhibit the formation of aortic plaque. The mechanism may be explained as follows： the expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1 downstream are increased through TRPA1， which promotes cholesterol outflow in foam cells， thereby regulating cholesterol metabolism， intervening in inflammation level to a certain extent， and finally treating AS.关键词：Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang;atherosclerosis;transient receptor potential channel ankyrin 1 （TRPA1）;foam cell
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and potential mechanism of Dihuangyin on 2， 4-dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB） -induced model mice with atopic dermatitis （AD）.MethodA mouse model with AD was established by repeatedly stimulating the back skin of mice with DNCB. After successful modeling， the mice were randomly divided into model group， Runzao group （0.78 g·kg-1）， and high， medium， and low dose （40.30， 20.15， and 10.08 g·kg-1） groups of Dihuangyin， with 12 mice in each group， and the blank group consisted of 12 mice， 72 in total. The administration groups were given the corresponding liquid by dose， and the blank group and model group were given the same dose of pure water by intragastric administration， once a day. The skin lesions and scratching times of mice were observed after continuous administration for two weeks. The back skin lesions of mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and toluidine blue to observe the pathology. The contents of serum immunoglobulin E （IgE）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interferon-γ （IFN-γ） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ， IL-4， IL-6， Janus kinase 1 （JAK1）， and transcriptional activator 3 （STAT3） in skin lesion tissue were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The expressions of JAK1， phosphorylation（p）-JAK1， STAT3， and p-STAT3 proteins in skin lesion tissue were detected by Western blot.ResultCompared with the blank group， the back skin of the model group showed large-scale scab， dryness， erosion， hypertrophy with scratching， epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis， hyperacanthosis with edema， and a large number of mast cell infiltration in the dermis， some of which were degranulated. The contents of IgE， IL-4， IL-6， and IFN-γ in the serum of mice were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the protein expression levels of p-JAK1， STAT3， and p-STAT3 and mRNA expressions of IL-4， IL-6， IFN-γ， JAK1， and STAT3 in skin lesion tissue were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， only a small amount of dryness and desquamation were observed in the back skin of mice in each administration group， and cell edema was reduced. The inflammatory infiltration was significantly reduced， and the number of mast cell infiltration was significantly decreased. The serum IgE， IL-4， IL-6， and IFN-γ of mice were decreased to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of p-JAK1， STAT3， and p-STAT3 and mRNA expressions of IL-4， IL-6， IFN-γ， JAK1， and STAT3 in skin lesion tissue were significantly decreased， and the effect of high dose group of Dihuangyin was the best （P<0.01）.ConclusionDihuangyin can improve skin lesions and pruritus in mice with AD， and its mechanism may be related to the effective regulation of cytokines on the helper T cells （Th1）/Th2 axis by interfering with the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway and affecting skin barrier function.关键词：Dihuangyin;atopic dermatitis;helper T cells（Th）1/Th2;Janus kinase 1 （JAK1）/transcriptional activator 3 （STAT3）;action mechanism
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo study the effects of Epimedii Folium polysaccharides on mice with exercise-induced fatigue and explore its possible mechanism of action.MethodICR male mice screened by swimming training were randomly divided into a control group， model group， vitamin C group， and low， medium， and high dose groups of Epimedii Folium polysaccharides， with eight mice in each group. The exercise-induced fatigue model was established by weight-bearing swimming training in each group except for the control group. After two weeks of weight-bearing swimming， the Epimedii Folium polysaccharide groups were given 100， 200， 400 mg∙kg-1 of Epimedii Folium polysaccharides by gavage， and the vitamin C group was given 200 mg∙kg-1 of vitamin C by gavage. The control group and the model group were given equal amounts of saline for 14 d. At the end of the experimental period， the body mass of the mice in each group and the time of last swimming due to exhaustion were recorded. Serum urea nitrogen （BUN）， lactic acid （LA）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidation （GSH-Px）， myoglycogen （MG） in skeletal muscle， hepatic glycogen （HG） in the liver were detected by kits. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in muscle tissue. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）， phosphorylation （p）-p38 MAPK， extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 （ERK1/2）， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， p-NF-κB， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in muscle tissue. The immunofluorescence （IF） method was used to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in skeletal muscle tissue of mice in each group.ResultCompared with the control group， the body mass of mice in the model group decreased， and the time of last swimming due to exhaustion decreased （P<0.01）. In addition， there were significantly higher serum levels of the fatigue metabolites LA， LDH， BUN， and lipid peroxidation product MDA （P<0.01） and decreased levels of MG， HG， SOD， and GSH-Px （P<0.01）. The protein expressions of p-p38 MAPK， ERK1/2， p-NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α in skeletal muscle tissue were significantly higher than those of the control group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the body mass and time of last swimming due to exhaustion of the mice in the low， medium， and high dose groups of Epimedii Folium polysaccharides and the vitamin C group were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the contents of LA， LDH， BUN， and MDA were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The levels of MG， HG， SOD， and GSH-Px increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the protein expression levels of p-p38 MAPK， ERK， p-NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α in skeletal muscle tissue decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionEpimedii Folium polysaccharides can play a role in alleviating exercise-induced fatigue by inhibiting the p38 MARK/NF-κB signaling pathway， thereby reducing the accumulation of metabolites， improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes， increasing the glycogen content of the body， and reducing inflammation in skeletal muscle.关键词：exercise-induced fatigue;Epimedii Folium polysaccharides;p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB （p38 MAPK/NF-κB） signaling pathway;oxidative stress;inflammation
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Tongluo Juanbi granules on chondrocyte apoptosis and Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway of rabbits with knee osteoarthritis （KOA） and study the mechanism of Tongluo Juanbi granules in the prevention and treatment of KOA.MethodThirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to the following five groups （n=6）： sham group， model group， low-dose and high-dose groups of Tongluo Juanbi granules （4.1 and 8.2 g·kg-1·d-1）， and celecoxib group （10.9 mg·kg-1·d-1）. The KOA model was established by destabilization of the medial meniscus （DMM） for six weeks. Six weeks after the modeling， the drug was given once a day for eight weeks. The pathological changes of cartilago articularis were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Safranin O-Fast Green staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） staining was performed to detect chondrocyte apoptosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the contents of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in synovial fluid. The mRNA and protein expression levels of genes related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively.ResultCompared with the sham group， the cartilago articularis of the model group significantly degenerated. Mankin's score was increased （P<0.01）， and the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in synovial fluid were increased （P<0.01）. The number of apoptosis of chondrocytes was increased （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in cartilage tissue were up-regulated （P<0.01）， while the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 were down-regulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， chondrocyte degeneration in both low-dose and high-dose groups of Tongluo Juanbi granules was improved， and Mankin's score was decreased （P<0.01）. The contents of IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased （P<0.01）， and the number of apoptosis of chondrocytes was decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in cartilage tissue were down-regulated （P<0.01）， while the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 were up-regulated （P<0.01）. In addition， in the above observation indicators， the high-dose group of Tongluo Juanbi granules was significantly superior to the low-dose group of Tongluo Juanbi granules.ConclusionTongluo Juanbi granules could inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis in rabbits with KOA and improve cartilage degeneration， which may be related to inhibiting inflammatory responses mediated by TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.关键词：Tongluo Juanbi granules;knee osteoarthritis;apoptosis;Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） pathway;inflammation
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the antiviral effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids and its relationship with the type Ⅰ interferon （IFN-Ⅰ） signaling pathway.MethodThe effects of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids on the intracellular replication of influenza A virus （H1N1）， vesicular stomatitis virus （VSV）， and cerebral myocarditis virus （EMCV） were detected by fluorescent inverted microscope， flow cytometry， Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and Western blot. A mouse model infected with H1N1 was constructed， and the mice were divided into a control group， H1N1 model group， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids groups （10， 20， 30 mg·kg-1）， and oseltamivir group （40 mg·kg-1）， so as to study the effects on the weight and survival rate of infected mice. Real-time PCR was used to detect the activation effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids on the IFN-Ⅰ pathway in cells， and the relationship between the antiviral effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids in IFNAR1 knockout A549 cells （IFNAR1-/--A549） and IFN-Ⅰ pathway was detected.ResultCompared with the control group， the virus proliferated significantly in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids could significantly inhibit the replication of H1N1， VSV， and EMCV in vitro （P<0.01）， inhibit the weight loss of the mice infected with the H1N1 in vivo， and improve the survival rate of mice （P<0.05）. In addition， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids activated the IFN-I pathway and relied on this pathway to exert the function of antiviral infection.ConclusionMenispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids exert antiviral effects in vivo and in vitro by activating the IFN-Ⅰ pathway.关键词：Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids;influenza A virus （H1N1）;vesicular stomatitis virus （VSV）;encephalomyocarditis virus （EMCV）;antiviral immunity;type Ⅰ interferon （IFN-Ⅰ）
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the molecular mechanism of Sanhuang Xiexintang （SHXXT） in protecting stress gastric ulcer （SGU） in rats through network pharmacology， molecular docking， and animal experiments.MethodThe active ingredients and corresponding targets in SHXXT were collected and screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database （TCMID）， Bioinformation Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine （BATMAN-TCM）， and Swiss Target Prediction database. SGU-related targets were screened from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， Therapeutic Target Database （TTD）， GeneCards database， and PharmGKB database. Herbal-ingredient-target （H-C-T） network was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. Protein-protein interaction （PPI） of drug and disease intersection targets was analyzed by using the Protein Interaction Platform （STRING） database. Gene ontology （GO） enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway analysis were conducted through the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery （DAVID）. The active ingredients and key targets were validated using AutodockVina 1.2.2 molecular docking software， and the experimental results were further validated through animal experiments.ResultThe 55 active ingredients were screened， and 255 potential target genes for SHXXT treatment of SGU were predicted. The PPI analysis showed that protein kinase B （Akt）， phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten （PTEN）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） are the core targets of SHXXT for protecting SGU. GO and KEGG analyses showed that SHXXT may affect the development of SGU by regulating various biological processes such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt signaling pathway and inflammatory processes. The molecular docking results showed that both the active ingredients and key targets had good binding ability. Animal experiments showed that compared with the blank group， the ulcer index （UI） of the model group was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β significantly increased （P<0.01）. The phosphorylation level of PTEN in gastric mucosal tissue was significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. The phosphorylation levels of PI3K， Akt， and nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the UI of the treatment group was significantly reduced （P<0.01）， and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. The phosphorylation level of PTEN in gastric mucosal tissue was significantly up-regulated （P<0.01）， and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K， Akt， and NF-κB were significantly downregulated （P<0.01）.ConclusionThe application of network pharmacology prediction， molecular docking simulation， and animal experimental validation confirms that SHXXT regulates the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway to regulate the inflammatory response of rats and thus protects the gastric mucosa of SGU rats.关键词：network pharmacology;Sanhuang Xiexintang;molecular docking;stress gastric ulcer;phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） signaling pathway
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发布时间：2024-04-17 -
Shugan Jianpi Yangxin Prescription Regulates Orexin-A and Its Receptors in Mouse Model of Insomnia AI导读
摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the interventional effects of Shugan Jianpi Yangxin prescription on the expression of orexin-A （OXA）， orexin-1 receptor （OX1R）， and orexin-2 receptor （OX2R） in the mouse model of insomnia.MethodThe mouse model of insomnia was established by intraperitoneal injection of DL-4-chlorophenylalanine （PCPA）. Fifty BALB/c mice were randomized into a blank group， a model group， an eszopiclone （0.13 mg·kg-1） group， and low- and high-dose （8.4 and 33.6 g·kg-1， respectively） Shugan Jianpi Yangxin prescription groups and treated with the corresponding drugs for 14 consecutive days. The weight changes of mice were monitored， and Morris water maze and pentobarbital-induced sleep tests were conducted. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to examine the expression of OXA in the hypothalamus. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of OXA and 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） in the hypothalamus， serum， and spleen. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine the mRNA levels of OXA， OX1R， and OX2R in the hypothalamus.ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group had decreased body weight （P<0.01）， increased escape latency （P<0.01）， increased sleep latency （P<0.01）， shortened sleep duration （P<0.01）， elevated OXA level and lowered 5-HT level in the hypothalamus， serum， and spleen （P<0.05）， and up-regulated mRNA levels of OXA， OX1R， and OX2R in the hypothalamus （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low- and high-dose groups of Shugan Jianpi Yangxin prescription showed increased body weight （P<0.05， P<0.01）， shortened escape latency （P<0.05）， shortened sleep latency and prolonged sleep duration （P<0.01）， and lowered OXA level and elevated 5-HT level in the hypothalamus， serum， and spleen （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the two doses of Shugan Jianpi Yangxin prescription down-regulated the mRNA levels of OXA， OX1R， and OX2R in the hypothalamus （P<0.01）.ConclusionShugan Jianpi Yangxin prescription exerts sedative and hypnotic effects in mice by increasing the content of 5-HT in the brain and inhibiting the expression of OXA and its receptors in the hypothalamus.关键词：Shugan Jianpi Yangxin prescription;insomnia;orexin-A （OXA）;5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）- 60
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of Osteoking （OK） on postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP）.MethodForty adult female mice were randomly divided into a sham operation （Sham） group， osteoporosis model （OVX） group， estradiol intervention （E2） group， and OK group， with 10 mice in each group. The modeling was completed by conventional back double incision ovariectomy， and the corresponding drugs were given one week later. After 12 weeks， the body mass and uterine index of mice were measured， and the pathological changes of bone tissue and the number of osteoclasts （OCs） were determined by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRAP） staining， respectively. Bone mineral density （BMD）， trabecular number （Tb.N）， trabecular separation （Tb.Sp）， and bone volume fraction （BV/TV） were measured by microcomputed tomography （Micro-CT）. The maximum load of the femur was detected by a three-point bending test. The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen （CTX-1） were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （NF-κB p65）， phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （p-NF-κB p65）， nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor alpha （IκBα）， phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B alpha （p-IκBα）， nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 （NFATc1）， and proto-oncogene （c-Fos） were detected by Western blot. The mRNA expressions of OCs-related specific genes matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， NFATc1， TRAP， cathepsin K （CTSK）， and c-Fos were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）.ResultCompared with the Sham group， the uterine index decreased significantly in the OVX group， and the body mass （BMI） increased significantly. The structure of bone trabeculae was completely damaged， and the number of OCs increased. BMD， Tb.N， BV/TV， and maximum load decreased， while Tb.Sp was up-regulated. The levels of TNF-α and CTX-1 in serum were up-regulated. The protein expressions of c-Fos， p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65， NFATc1， and p-IκBα/IκBα were increased. The mRNA expressions of NFATc1， c-Fos， CTSK， TRAP， and MMP-9 were up-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the OVX group， the body mass of the OK and E2 groups decreased， and the uterine index increased. The bone trabeculae increased， and the number of OCs decreased. BMD， Tb.N， BV/TV， and maximum load increased， while Tb.Sp decreased. The levels of TNF-α and CTX-1 in serum were decreased. The protein expressions of c-Fos， p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65， NFATc1， and p-IκBα/IκBα were decreased， and the mRNA expressions of NFATc1， c-Fos， CTSK， TRAP， and MMP-9 were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionOK can inhibit the NF-κB/NFATc1 signaling pathway and reduce bone mass loss by reducing the level of inflammatory injury factors in PMOP mice， which is one of the mechanisms for treating PMOP.关键词：Osteoking;postmenopausal osteoporosis;nuclear factor-kappa B/nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 signaling pathway;inflammatory injury
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the attenuating effect of Dioscoreae Bulbiferae Rhizoma（DBR） processed with Phaseoli Radiati Semen（PRS） juice， and explore the attenuating mechanism based on ferroptosis of the main toxic target organ.MethodSixty male ICR mice were randomly divided into blank group， DBR group， water roasted DBR group（hereinafter referred to as water group）， PRS juice-roasted DBR group 1（DBR-PRS 10∶1， stuffy moistening for 40 min， stir-fried at 130 ℃ for 18 min， hereinafter referred to as group 1）， PRS juice-roasted DBR group 2（DBR-PRS 10∶1， stuffy moistening for 80 min， stir-fried at 100 ℃ for 14 min， hereinafter referred to as group 2）， PRS juice-roasted DBR group 3（DBR-PRS=20∶3， stuffy moistening for 40 min， stir-fried at 160 ℃ for 14 min， hereinafter referred to as group 3）. The raw and processed groups of DBR were gavaged with their corresponding 95% ethanol extract at a dose of 3 g·kg-1·d-1， while the blank group was gavaged with an equal volume of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose， once a day for 14 consecutive days. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of mouse liver. Alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） levels in serum， as well as malondialdehyde（MDA）， ferrous ions（Fe2+）， reduced glutathione（GSH） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） levels in liver tissue were detected by the biochemical detection. Western blot was used to detect the expression of iron key proteins such as ferritin heavy chain 1（FTH1） and glutathione peroxidase 4（GPX4）.ResultHE staining results showed that the liver tissue structure of the blank group was clear， the morphology of hepatocytes was normal， the cytoplasms of hepatocytes in the DBR group and water group were loose and vacuolar， with obvious pathological damages， and the pathologic damages of mice in the group 1-3 were significantly improved. Compared with the blank group， the levels of ALT， AST， MDA and Fe2+ in mice from the DBR group were significantly increased（P<0.01）， while GSH and SOD levels were significantly reduced（P<0.01）， and the protein expression levels of FTH1 and GPX4 were significantly decreased（P<0.01）. Compared with the DBR group， the ALT， AST，MDA and Fe2+ levels of mice in the group 1-3 were significantly reduced（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the GSH and SOD levels and the protein expression levels of FTH1 and GPX4 were significantly increased（P<0.01）. Compared with the water group， the AST and MDA levels of mice in the group 1-3 were significantly reduced（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the SOD level significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the FTH1 protein expression significantly increased（P<0.01）， and the serum ALT level of mice in the group 2-3 significantly reduce（P<0.01）， Fe2+ level significantly reduced（P<0.01）， GSH level significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and GPX4 protein expression significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Among the group 1-3， the group 3 had the best detoxification effect.ConclutionProcessing with PRS juice can reduce the liver injury induced by DBR， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis in the liver.关键词：Dioscoreae Bulbiferae Rhizoma;Phaseoli Radiati Semen;medicine juice roasting method;liver injury;detoxification by processing;ferroptosis;oxidative stress
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy and safety of Fuzheng Huaji Longbi decoction in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） in the patients with the syndrome of healthy Qi deficiency and blood stasis.MethodA total of 94 BPH patients were randomized into control and observation groups， with 47 patients in each group. The control group was treated with doxazosin mesylate sustained-release tablets， and the observation group with Fuzheng Huaji Longbi decoction on the basis of the therapy in the control group. After eight weeks， the international prostate symptom score （IPSS）， quality of life （QOL） score， residual urine volume （RUV）， maximum urinary flow rate （Qmax）， TCM syndrome score， TCM symptom score， electrocardiogram， and liver and kidney function were determined to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups.ResultAfter 8 weeks of treatment， the total response rate in the control group was 63.64% （28/44）， which was lower than that （84.44%， 38/45） in the observation group （χ2=5.026， P<0.05）. The clinical efficacy in the observation group was higher than that in the control group （Z=-2.17， P=0.030）. The treatment in both groups decreased the IPSS， QOL score， RUV， and TCM syndrome scores and increased the Qmax （P<0.05）. Moreover， the observation group had lower IPSS， QOL score， RUV， and TCM syndrome score （P<0.05） and higher Qmax than the control group after treatment （P<0.05）. The treatment in the observation group decreased all the TCM symptom scores （P<0.05）， while that in the control group only decreased the frequency of urination at night and the scores of dysuria， weak urine stream， and post-urinary drainage （P<0.05）. After treatment， the observation group had lower frequency of urination at night and lower scores of mental fatigue， cold limbs， lower abdominal discomfort， and loose stool than the control group （P<0.05）. No adverse events associated with the administration of Fuzheng Huaji Longbi decoction were observed during the treatment period.ConclusionFuzheng Huaji Longbi decoction is effective in treating BPH in the patients with the syndrome of healthy qi deficiency and blood stasis. It can relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life， being a safe and reliable choice for clinical application.关键词：benign prostatic hyperplasia;retention of urine;syndrome of healthy qi deficiency and blood stasis;Fuzheng Huaji Longbi decoction;doxazosin mesylate sustained-release tablets
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of Gandou decoction （GDD） by analyzing theclinical efficacy of GDD combined with speech training on the treatment of dysarthria with endoretention of damp-heat in Wilson's disease （WD）， so as to provide more clinical data and theoretical support for the selection of appropriate treatment schemes for WD patients with dysarthria with endoretention of damp-heat.MethodA total of 60 eligible WD patients with dysarthria with endoretention of damp-heat were selected and divided into a control group and a treatment group according to the random grouping method， with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with speech training + sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate （DMPS）， and the treatment group was combined with GDD on the basis of the control group， with eight days as a course of treatment for 32 days. The total clinical effectiveness rate （Goldstein clinical classification）， dysarthria grading assessment from China Rehabilitation Research Center， TCM syndrome scores， 24-hour urine copper content， and modified Frenchay dysarthria rating scale scores of the two groups were compared before and after treatment.ResultAfter treatment， the total effective rate of the observation group was 90.0% （27/30）， and that of the control group was 70.0% （21/30）. The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group （Z=-1.986，P<0.05）. After treatment， the modified Frenchay dysarthria score， dysarthria grading assessment from China Rehabilitation Research Center， and 24-h urine copper in the two groups were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the TCM syndrome score was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group after treatment， except for the respiratory and jaw score， the modified Frenchay dysarthria score of the observation group was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The dysarthria grading from China Rehabilitation Research Center and 24-h urine copper content were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the observation group had better efficacy. During the study period， there were no serious adverse reactions such as fever， rash， oral and eyelid mucosal swelling， exfoliative dermatitis， vomiting， diarrhea， or allergic shock during copper excretion treatment of DPMS and oral administration of GDD.ConclusionGDD combined with speech training can improve the symptoms and efficacy of WD patients with dysarthria with endoretention of damp-heat and enhance the patients' living standard to a certain extent， which can be widely used in clinics.关键词：Gandou decoction;speech training;endoretention of damp-heat;Wilson's disease;dysarthria
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Lianhua Qingke tablets in the treatment of acute bronchitis in children with the syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing lung.MethodA randomized， open， parallel controlled， and multi-center clinical study was conduted. Children with acute bronchitis （syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing lung） were randomly assigned to an observation group and a control group. The control group received routine basic treatment， and the observation group was treated with Lianhua Qingke Tablets on the basis of routine basic treatment. After 7 days of treatment， the clinical efficacy， TCM efficacy， time to symptom disappearance， time to cough disappearance， and clinical safety were compared between the two groups.ResultA total of 248 children were included （124 in the observation group and 124 in the control group）. After 7 days of treatment， the total response rate in terms of clinical efficacy in the observation group was 96.8% （120/124）， which was higher than that （90.3%， 112/124） in the control group （Z=-5.034， P<0.01）. The total response rate in terms of TCM syndrome in the observation group was 97.6% （121/124）， which was higher than that （93.5%， 116/124） in the control group （χ2=-5.326， P<0.01）. The scores of physical signs and TCM symptoms in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at the time of taking medicine for 3 days and 7 days （P<0.01）. The time to symptom disappearance and the time to cough disappearance in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group （P<0.01）. Drug-related adverse reactions occurred in neither group.ConclusionLianhua Qingke tablets demonstrate a definite effect on acute bronchitis in children with the syndrome of phlegm-heat blocking lung. The tablets can significantly shorten the course of disease and relieve cough and TCM symptoms， with high safety， which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.关键词：acute bronchitis;Lianhua Qingke tablets;clinical efficacy;safety
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of antihypertensive and lipid-regulating Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of hypertension with dyslipidemia. To carry out the evidence synthesis of clinical research and provide evidence-based evidence support for clinical decision-making.MethodThe databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI），Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform （WF），VIP，SinoMed，Embase，PubMed，Web of Science （WOS），and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials （RCT） of all listed Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of hypertension with dyslipidemia from the establishment of the databases to April 15，2023. The literature was screened and extracted，and the risk of bias tool 2.0 （RoB2） was used to assess the quality and risk of bias of the methodology. Revman 5.4.1 software was used to analyze the outcome indicators. Grading of Recommendations Assessment，Development and Evaluation （GRADE） was applied to assess the quality of evidence formed by clinical research data. The inclusion and recommendation of Chinese patent medicines in the National Drug Catalogue for Basic Medical Insurance，Work-related Injury Insurance and Maternity Insurance （2022） and domestic guidelines and consensus were searched to form a bubble chart.ResultA total of 15 studies were included. The evaluation of the methodological quality of each study showed that the risk of bias stemmed from the lack of blinding and allocation concealment，and low sample size. The comprehensive analysis of clinical studies showed that Dengzhan Shengmai capsules combined with rosuvastatin and amlodipine besylate，Yindan Xinnaotong capsules combined with simvastatin and levamlodipine tablets，Xiaoshuan Tongluo capsules combined with nifedipine controlled release tablets and pravastatin sodium tablets，Xinshubao capsules combined with atorvastatin calcium tablets and irbesartan，Wenyading capsules combined with enalapril，and Jiangzhining tablets combined with conventional Western medicines were all superior to conventional Western medicines used in the control group in improving systolic blood pressure （SBP），diastolic blood pressure （DBP），cholesterol （TC），triglyceride （TG），low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C），and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. The GRADE evaluation of the main outcome indicators showed that the evidence quality of SBP and incidence of adverse reactions was graded as B，that of DBP as C，and that of total TC，TG，LDL-C，and HDL-C as D. The evaluation of Chinese patent medicines covered by medical insurance and recommended by guidelines and consensus showed that Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsules，Dengzhan Shengmai capsules and Xiaoshuan Tongluo capsules belonged to class B drugs of medical insurance，and were recommended for 7，6 and 3 times in the guidelines and consensus，respectively.ConclusionCompared with simple medicine treatment，Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional Western medicine has more advantages in improving blood pressure and blood lipid，and shows higher safety. Among them，Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsules，Dengzhan Shengmai capsules and Xiaoshuan Tongluo capsules have stronger clinical applicability and economy. All the trials included in this article adhered to the principle of randomization and reported the outcome measures. However，the quality of evidence in related clinical studies was low. In terms of trial design，large-sample，multi-center，blinded randomized controlled trials based on the consolidated standards of reporting trials （CONSORT） statement are still needed for comprehensive trial designs and reporting，to further improve the GRADE quality evaluation and guideline formulation under the guidance of evidence-based medicine，so as to provide higher quality evidence-based research evidence for clinical decision-making.关键词：integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine;Chinese patent medicine;high blood pressure;blood lipid;dyslipidemia;quality of evidence;GRADE evaluation
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of research and evidence related to antihypertensive Chinese patent medicines combined with western medicines for the treatment of hypertension， synthesize and update the evidence， form expert consensus， and provide evidence for clinical decision-making.MethodThe databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform （WanFang）， Vip Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database （VIP）， Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System （Sinomed）， National Library of Medicine （PubMed）， Cochrane Library， Web of Science， and US Clinical Trials Registry were searched for randomized controlled trials of antihypertensive Chinese medicine combined with western medicine for the treatment of hypertension from database construction to July 31， 2022. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the bias risk assessment tool in Cochrane Handbook 6.3. Evidence synthesis of main outcome indicators was performed using R software. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development， and Evaluation profiler （GRADEprofiler） 3.6 was employed to evaluate the quality of evidence. Expert consensus was formed based on the Delphi method after two rounds of voting.Result64 pieces of literature were included， and the results of literature quality evaluation and risk of bias showed that 70.31% （45/64） of the studies indicated some risks， and 29.69% （19/64） indicated high risks. Compared with conventional western medicines， the combination of Chinese patent medicines with western medicines can significantly lower systolic pressure （SBP） and diastolic pressure （DBP）， increase the effective rate of antihypertensive， reduce the incidence of adverse reactions， endothelin-1， and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores. Egger's test showed that Songling Xuemaikang capsules reduced SBP and DBP. Tianma Gouteng granules reduced SBP and DBP and increased the effective rate of antihypertensive， and Xinmaitong capsules reduced SBP and increased the effective rate of antihypertensive， without significant publication bias. Songling Xuemaikang capsules increased the effective rate of antihypertensive， and Xinmaitong capsules decreased DBP， with significant publication bias. The results of the GRADE evidence quality evaluation showed that most evidence was at grades B and C. Finally， four strong recommendations and 14 weak recommendations were formed.ConclusionCompared with conventional western medicines for the treatment of hypertension， antihypertensive Chinese patent medicines combined with western medicines have advantages in reducing blood pressure and improving drug use safety， but they are mostly weak recommendations in terms of efficacy， and more high-quality evidence is needed.关键词：Chinese patent medicine;hypertension;evidence evaluation;GRADE;consensus
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo systematically collect， analyze， and evaluate the randomized controlled trials （RCT） of Chinese patent medicine combined with western medicine in the treatment of hypertension， map the evidence， and provide reference for the future clinical research and formulation of guidelines and policies.MethodThe relevant articles were retrieved from China Biology Medicine disc， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP， Wanfang Data， PubMed， Embase， and Cochrane Library with the time interval from inception to December 31， 2022. The RCT of Chinese patent medicines combined with western medicine in the treatment of hypertension were included. The research characteristics and methodological quality were analyzed and evaluated.ResultA total of 330 RCTs of treating hypertension with Chinese patent medicines combined with Western medicine were included in this study， all of which were published in Chinese. These RCTs involved 88 Chinese patent medicines and 37 788 patients， and 46% of RCT had the sample size ≥100 patients. Eighty-seven percent of RCT showed the study period within 3 months. All the interventions in the RCTs were Chinese patent medicine + western medicine vs western medicine. Among the evaluation indicators， blood pressure， response rate， TCM syndrome score， endothelial cell function， and safety were mainly concerned. In terms of methodological quality， most articles did not mention the generation of random sequences， allocation concealment， or blinding method. The blinding evaluation of outcomes showed low risks of bias， and there was insufficient information to judge whether there was selective bias or other bias.ConclusionThere were many Chinese patent medicines used in combination with western medicine in the treatment of hypertension， and they were mainly taken orally. The existing RCT had problems such as small sample size， unclear clinical value positioning， imperfect design failing to reflect the value of Chinese patent medicines， unreasonable measurement indicators， and non-standard measurement methods. Future research should solve the above problems， improve the research quality， value， and authenticity， and enhance the reliability and extension of evidence.关键词：hypertension;Chinese patent medicine;randomized controlled trials;evidence-based medicine;methodological quality
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation among the botanical characteristics， biological characteristics， chemical composition， and medicinal properties and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines （TCM） from latex-containing plants， so as to strengthen the theory of "identifying symptoms for qualities" and provide a reference for the development and utilization of the latex-containing plant resources.MethodStatistics on the meridians for properties and tastes， efficacy， medicinal parts， family and genus， and chemical components of TCM from latex-containing plants were carried out. A total of 53 TCM from latex-containing plants included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were screened by mining the Chinese Botanical Journal， Chinese Materia Medica， Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicines， and related literature. In addition， their meridians for properties and tastes， medicinal parts， chemical components， and TCM classifications were summarized and statistically analyzed by using Excel 2013 and ChiPlot 2023.3.31 software.ResultIt was found that latex-containing plants were mainly distributed in one kingdom， one phylum， two classes， and 20 families， and most of the TCM from latex-containing plants belonged to Dicotyledonaceae under Angiosperms. In terms of properties and tastes， plain>cold>warm>cool>hot and bitter>pungent>sweet>sour>salty. In terms of meridians， liver>lung>kidney>spleen=large intestine=stomach>heart>bladder=gallbladder=small intestines. In terms of medicinal parts， roots （root， rhizomes， tuberous root， and root bark）>resin>seed>whole herb （whole herb and above-ground part）>stem （stem and branch）>fruit>leaf>flower=skin. In terms of research on chemical components， they were mostly glycosides. In terms of TCM classification， they were mostly medicines for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis.ConclusionThe TCM from latex-containing plants is mainly plain， with a uniform warm and cold distribution. The tastes are mainly bitter and pungent， and the major meridians are the liver and lung. The roots and resins are mainly used as medicines. The components mostly contain glycosides， alkaloids， and volatile oils， and most of them are medicines for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis， as well as for removing heat and toxins. There is a certain degree of correlation among the growth habits， medicinal parts， chemical components， and the properties， tastes， and efficacy of the TCM from latex-containing plants. It may provide a reference for resource development and utilization of TCM from latex-containing plants.关键词：latex-containing plants;traditional Chinese medicines;medicinal parts;medicinal properties and efficacy;meridians for properties and tastes
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveThe relevant laws among the biological characteristics， medicinal parts， growth environment， and medicinal properties and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines （TCM） from fungi were excavated， so as to strengthen the theory of distinguishing symptoms for quality and provide a reference for the development and utilization of TCM from fungi.MethodThe medicinal parts， meridians for properties and tastes， heterotrophic mode， and efficacy of commonly used TCM from fungi were summarized. By consulting the Compendium of Materia Medica， Shennong Materia Medica， Flora of China， and literature， the TCM from fungi indexed in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and some local pharmacopeias were checked.ResultA total of 28 common TCM from fungi were selected. Different TCMs from fungi have different meridians for properties and tastes， medicinal parts， habits， and growth environments. The relevant information was counted. Among the four properties， plain>cold>warm. Among the five tastes， sweet>bitter>light>pungent=salty. In terms of medicinal parts， fruiting body>sclerotia>complex>spermia=outer skin=other. In terms of meridians， lung>liver=heart>spleen=kidney>stomach. In terms of habits， parasitism>saprophysis>symbiosis=facultative parasitism=facultative saprophysis.ConclusionTCM from fungi are mainly parasitic and saprophytic， and the plain property and sweet taste the most. The meridians are mostly lung， heart， and liver. Nourishment and diuresis are the main efficacy. There is a certain correlation between the color， habit， medicinal parts， and growth environment of TCM from fungi and their properties， tastes， and efficacy， providing comprehensive literature reference and theoretical basis for their in-depth research， clinical use， and resource development.关键词：traditional Chinese medicines （TCM） from fungi;color;growth environment;parasitic;efficacy
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveThe correlation of Pueraria lobata producing areas， climate factors， total flavonoids of P. lobata， polysaccharide content of P. lobata， and antioxidant activity of P.lobata for medicinal application was analyzed， and the relationship between climate factors and the formation of P. lobata quality was evaluated.MethodThe scavenging rates of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl（DPPH） and 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)（ABTS） radicals by total flavonoids and polysaccharides of P. lobata were detected， and the correlation between the contents of each component and the information of producing areas and climate factors was analyzed.ResultThe ABTS+ scavenging rate by total flavonoids of P.lobata was negatively correlated with altitude （P<0.05） and positively correlated with annual sunshine hours （P<0.05）. The altitude was positively correlated with the total flavonoid content， while the annual sunshine hours were negatively correlated with the total flavonoid content. There was a negative correlation between total flavonoid content and ABTS+ scavenging rate by total flavonoids. In other words， lower altitude and longer annual sunshine hours indicated lower total flavonoid content and higher ABTS+ scavenging rate by total flavonoids. The ABTS+ scavenging rate by polysaccharides of P. lobata was negatively correlated with the frost-free period （P<0.05） and the mean temperature in July （P<0.01）. There was a positive correlation between the polysaccharide content of P. lobata and the frost-free period. The mean temperature in July was positively correlated with the polysaccharide content of P. lobata （P<0.05）. The polysaccharide content of P. lobata was negatively correlated with the ABTS+ scavenging rate by polysaccharides of P. lobata. In other words， a shorter frost-free period in the producing area and lower mean temperature in July indicated lower polysaccharide content of P. lobata and higher ABTS+ scavenging rate by polysaccharides of P. lobata. The mean temperature in July was significantly correlated with the contents of total flavonoids and polysaccharides in P. lobata samples （P<0.05）. The lower mean temperature in July was often accompanied by lower total flavonoid content of P. lobata， lower polysaccharide content of Pueraria lobata， and stronger antioxidant activity of P. lobata samples.ConclusionThe ability of P. lobata to remove ABTS+ is stronger than that of DPPH+. There is a significant correlation between climate factors， content， and antioxidant capacity in each producing area. Further research on the internal law of the formation of medicinal active components of P. lobata induced by core climate factors will provide a scientific basis for revealing the formation mechanism of genuine P. lobata and the subsequent control of P. lobata quality according to the environment of producing areas.关键词：producing area;climate factors;total flavonoids of Pueraria lobata;polysaccharides of Pueraria lobata;antioxidant activity
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the functions and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines and explore the related laws of the medicinal tissue， property， taste， efficacy， and clinical application， so as to strengthen the theory of identifying symptoms for qualities and provide references for the development and utilization of TCM from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines.MethodBy reviewing the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and some local pharmacopeias， TCM from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines were screened out， and the characteristics， functions， and precautions of TCM from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines were summarized. Statistical analysis was carried out with Excel.ResultA total of 62 TCM from plant skin were found， mainly distributed in one kingdom， three phyla， and 31 families. In terms of the family genus， Rutaceae>Leguminosae>Cucurbitaceae. In terms of the medicinal tissue， bark>root bark>fruit bark>seed bark. In terms of property and taste， warm>cold>plain>cool>hot， and bitter>sweet=pungent>acidic. In terms of meridians， lung>liver>spleen>heart>colorectal>kidney>stomach=bladder. In terms of TCM classification， most of them belong to the category of heat-clearing medicines. There were 485 types of Chinese patent medicines from plant skin， with the most Chinese patent medicines containing Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Among the forms of administration， pills were the most predominant. In terms of the tastes of the medicines， bitter and sweet flavors predominated. In terms of functions， medicines for strengthening the body resistance were the most. For the precautions， contraindications during pregnancy were the most common.ConclusionThere is a correlation among medicinal tissue， property， taste， efficacy， and clinical application of TCM from plant skin. It is also necessary to pay attention to the contraindications of the medicines and rationally choose TCM from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines under the guidance of TCM theory based on syndrome differentiation and treatment.关键词：traditional Chinese medince from plant skin;medicinal tissue;property， taste， and efficacy;clinical application;Chinese patent medicines
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo evaluate some properties of scutellarin-phospholipid complex nanoemulsion（SCU-PC-NE）， such as release， cell uptake and tissue distribution， and to investigate its effect on ameliorating lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced vascular endothelial injury.MethodSCU-PC-NE was prepared by weighting SCU-PC， ethyl oleate， Kolliphor HS15， 1，2-propylene glycol（50， 400， 514.3， 85.7 mg）， respectively. And the appearance of SCU-PC-NE was observed by transmission electron microscope， the average paticle size and Zeta potential were measured by nanopotential particle size analyzer. The cumulative release of SCU-PC-NE in vitro was measured by dynamic dialysis， thiazolyl blue（MTT） colorimetric assay was used to investigate the effect of SCU-PC-NE on the viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVECs）， the inverted fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry were used to investigate cell uptake of HUVECs by SCU-PC-NE in vitro using coumarin 6 as a fluorescent probe， the tissue distribution of DiR/SCU-PC-NE labeled by near infrared fluorescent dyes was obeserved by small animal in vivo imaging system. The inflammation injury model was established by co-incubation with LPS（1 mg·L-1） and HUVECs， the effect of SCU-PC-NE on the levels of interleukin（IL）-1β and IL-6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， 18 Kunming male mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group， blank preparation group（equivalent to high dose group）， SCU group and SCU-PC-NE low and high dose groups（5， 10 mg·kg-1）， 3 mice in each group， and the drug administration groups were administered once in the tail vein at the corresponding dose every 48 h， equal volume of normal saline was given to the blank group and the model group， and the drug was administered for 4 consecutive times. Except for the blank group， the endothelial inflammatory injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS（10 mg·kg-1） at 12 h before the last administration in each group. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to investigate the effect of SCU-PC-NE on the histopathological changes in the thoracic aorta of mice.ResultThe appearance of SCU-PC-NE displayed pale yellow milky light， mostly spherical with rounded appearance and relatively uniform particle size distribution， with the average particle size of 35.31 nm， Zeta potential of 7.23 mV， and the encapsulation efficiency of 75.24%. The cumulative release in vitro showed that SCU-PC-NE exhibited sustained release properties compared with SCU. The cell viability of SCU-PC-NE was >90% at a concentration range of 1.05-8.4 mg·L-1. The results of cellular uptake experiments showed that the cellular uptake ability of SCU-PC-NE was significantly enhanced when compared with the SCU group（P<0.01）. Compared with normal mice， the results of tissue distribution showed that the fluorescence intensity of DiR/SCU-PC-NE was significantly enhanced in the spleen， kidney， brain and thoracic aorta of mice at different time points after intraperitoneal injection of LPS（P<0.05， P<0.01）， especially in thoracic aorta. ELISA results showed that the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the model group were significantly increased when compared with the blank group（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and compare with the model group， all administration groups significantly down-regulated IL-1β level， with the strongest effect in the SCU-PC-NE high-dose group（P<0.01）， and all administration groups significantly down-regulated IL-6 level， with the strongest effect in the SCU-PC-NE low-dose group（P<0.05）. Compare with the blank group， the results of HE staining showed that the endothelial cells were damaged， the elastic fibers were broken and arranged loosely in the model group， although similar vascular injury could be observed in the blank preparation group， SCU group and SCU-PC-NE low-dose group， the vascular endothelial damage was significantly reduced in the high-dose group of SCU-PC-NE， which had a better effect than that in the SCU group.ConclusionSCU-PC-NE can promote the uptake of drugs by endothelial cells and effectively enriched in the site of vascular endothelial injury caused by LPS， suggesting that it has a protective effect on vascular endothelial injury and is a good carrier of SCU.关键词：scutellarin;phospholipid complex;nanoemulsion;lipopolysaccharide（LPS）;inflammation;vascular endothelium;human umbilical vein endothelial cells
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo study the changing characteristics of secondary metabolic compounds accumulated in Dendrobium nobile stems at different growth years， a simulated wild stone plant， in order to provide a theoretical basis for rational planning of the harvesting period of D. nobile.MethodUltra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） was used to detect and analyze the secondary metabolites in the stems of 1-year-old， 2-year-old， and 3-year-old D. nobile. The mass spectrometry data were processed using Analyst 1.6.3 software， and all samples were subjected to principal component analysis（PCA）， cluster heat map analysis， partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）， and differential secondary metabolites were screened based on variable importance in projection（VIP） values>1， fold change（FC）≥2 and FC≤0.5. Then differential secondary metabolites were identified based on relative molecular weight， fragmentation ions and mass spectrometry database， and enriched pathways were identified based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） database.ResultA total of 1 317 secondary metabolites were identified in the stems of D. nobile at three growth stages， with flavonoids， phenolic acids， alkaloids and terpenoids accounting for 76.55% of the total. Compared with the 1-year-old stems of D. nobile， 289 differential secondary metabolites were identified in the 2-year-old stems， of which 255 were up-regulated and 34 were down-regulated， 682 differential secondary metabolites were identified in the 3-year-old stems， of which 502 were up-regulated and 180 were down-regulated. Compared to the 2-year-old stems， the 3-year-old stems had 602 differential secondary metabolites， with 405 up-regulated and 197 down-regulated. As the growth stage of D. nobile increased， the top 10 up-regulated differential metabolites mainly included flavonoids， phenolic acids， phenylpropanoids and terpenoids， such as kaempferol derivatives， asperulosidic acid， apigenin derivatives， chrysoeriol derivatives， isorhamnetin derivatives， taxifolin derivatives， quercetin derivatives. KEGG enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of secondary metabolites in the flavonoid biosynthesis， flavone， and flavonol biosynthesis， secondary metabolite biosynthesis， and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways with the increase of growth years.ConclusionWith the increase of the growth years， the levels of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids， phenolic acids， phenylpropanoids and terpenoids in the wild-grown D. nobile have been significantly enhanced. In practical production， grading based on different growth years can be carried out to improve the medicinal and economic values of D. nobile.关键词：Dendrobium nobile stems;broadly targeted metabolomics;secondary metabolites;growth years;ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）;wildlife-like cultivation;flavonoids
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveThrough the correlation analysis between intestinal absorption profile and inhibition of macrophage foaming， the pharmacodynamic components of Zhuriheng dripping pills（ZRH） were explored to provide a basis for establishing its quality standard.MethodIntestinal absorption fluids with 0， 5， 10， 15， 20 times clinical equivalent doses were prepared by a rat everted gut sac（EGS）， and the oxidized low density lipoprotein（ox-LDL）-induced RAW264.7 macrophage foaming model was used to investigate the effect of intestinal absorption fluid with different doses on the accumulation of lipids in RAW264.7 cells by oil red O staining and cholesterol content determination， and to screen for the optimal dose. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS） was used to analyze and identify intestinal absorption fractions of ZRH intestinal absorption fluids， and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were performed on different doses of ZRH intestinal absorption fluids using SIMCA 13.0 with peak area as the independent variable and the pharmacodynamic indicators as the dependent variables to screen the compounds with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1.0 as contributing components， and Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the spectral effect relationship， determined the compounds and positive correlation with pharmacodynamic were as active ingredients. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding energy of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α（PPARα）， PPARγ， PPARβ， human retinoid X receptor α（RXRA） and nuclear transcription factor-κB（NF-κB） with the active ingredients in ZRH intestinal absorption fluids. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was performed to detect the mRNA levels of PPARγ， scavenger receptor A1（SRA1） and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1（ABCA1） in RAW264.7 cells， Westen blot was used to detect the expression level of PPARγ protein in RAW264.7 cells， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of interleukin（IL）-1β and NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells.ResultAccording to the results of oil red O staining and cholesterol content determination， the ZRH intestinal absorption fluids could significantly reduce macrophage foaming， and intestinal absorption fluids with 15， 20 times clinical equivalent doses had the best effect， the 15-fold ZRH intestinal absorption fluid was finally determined as the study subject. Spectral effect relationship showed that 52 corresponding peaks in the ZRH-containing intestinal fluid were positively correlated with the efficacy， including organic acids， phenylpropanoids， iridoids， flavonoids， bile acids， coumarins and chromones. Target validation results showed that 86.9%-96.2% of the total components processed good binding activities with the key targets of PPARα， PPARγ， PPARβ， RXRA and NF-κB， and the docking energy values were all less than -6.0 kcal·mol-1（1 cal≈4.19 J）. The results of validation showed that， compared with the normal group， the model group showed a significant increase in the levels of SRA1 and PPARγ mRNA expression， a significant decrease in ABCA1 mRNA expression， a significant increase in the level of PPARγ protein expression， and a significant increase in the levels of IL-1β and NF-κB（P<0.01）， compared with the model group， the 15-fold intestinal absorption fluid group showed a significant decrease in the levels of SRA1 and PPARγ mRNA expression（P<0.05， P<0.01）， ABCA1 mRNA expression level was significantly up-regulated， the levels of IL-1β and NF-κB were significantly reduced（P<0.01）， and PPARγ protein expression level was significantly reduced（P<0.05）.ConclusionThis study identifies 52 components and their metabolites in ZRH intestinal absorption fluid that are positively correlated with the inhibition of macrophage foaming， which may be related to the regulation of the PPARs pathway in cells and the reduction of the levels of inflammatory factors， and can provide a reference for the quality control and clinical application of ZRH.关键词：Zhuriheng dropping pills;ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）;spectrum-effect relationship;anti-atherosclerosis;RAW264.7 cell;macrophage foaming;peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor（PPAR）
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：The term ''panvascular'' refers to the human vascular system， which is a complex network of arteries， veins， and lymphatic vessels. Panvascular diseases refer to a group of vascular system diseases， with vascular atherosclerosis as the common pathological feature. The panvascular diseases in target organs such as the heart， brain， kidney， and limbs are caused by ischemia or bleeding， including arterial system diseases， venous system diseases， microcirculation system diseases， and Zangfu organ-blood vessel diseases. The concept of panvascular diseases integrates vascular lesions and target organ damage. In clinical practice， blood vessels in multiple regions are regarded as a large vascular unit system， and vascular lesions and the induced target organ damage are considered as a whole. Based on the holistic concept and the Zangxiang theory in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the ''blood vessel-Zangfu organ-syndrome differentiation and treatment'' network is built， on the basis of which a pattern of vascular disease-Zangfu organ dysfunction-syndrome differentiation and treatment is applied to the TCM diagnosis and treatment of panvascular diseases. The theory of treating arterial system diseases from the heart， venous system diseases from the kidneys， and microvascular system diseases from the liver is proposed. According to the causes identified based on syndrome differentiation， this paper summarizes the methods of reinforcing Yang and activating blood （including warming Yang and activating blood， replenishing Qi and activating blood， replenishing Qi， nourishing Yin and activating blood， activating Yang and blood， dispersing cold and activating blood）， cooling blood and resolving stasis， tonifying kidney and promoting urination coupled with activating blood and dredging vessels， nourishing Yin and tonifying kidney coupled with activating blood and dredging vessels， and soothing liver and regulating Qi coupled with activating blood and dredging collaterals， as well as wind-extinguishing medicines， applied to the treatment of panvascular diseases， aiming to provide methods and ideas for the treatment of vascular diseases with TCM.关键词：panvascular;panvascular diseases;Zangxiang theory;blood vessel-Zangfu organ-syndrome differentiation and treatment;treatment methods of traditional Chinese medicine
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：Due to the difference between the system of weights and measures， and the dosage of clinical prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine in various historical periods， the dosage and conversion standard of prescriptions in past dynasties are different. Therefore， when discounting the dosage of famous classical formulas， the principles of inheriting the essence， making the past serve the present， linking the past and the present， and forming a consensus should be followed， firstly， the dosage of the prescription was converted according to the weights and measures system of the past dynasties. If the converted dosage significantly exceeds the provisions of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， then on the premise of ensuring that the proportion of the original prescription drug dosage remains unchanged， the conversion shall be based on expert consensus and drug safety evaluation. For drugs measured in non-standard units， a conversion range is provided based on comprehensive literature analysis and physical measurements. For the conversion of service volume， the original text was used as the basis for the conversion with reference to the measurement standards of different eras. If the original dosage is not clear， the converted dosage will be determined based on the historical evolution of the formula， referring to relevant ancient books， and combining modern applications. Eventually， the converting standard for famous classical formulas was determined as follows：during the Han and Tang dynasties， one Liang（两） was equivalent to 13.8 g and one Sheng（升） was equivalent to 200 mL， in the Tang dynasty， one Fen（分） was equivalent to 3.45 g， during the Song， Jin and Yuan dynasties， one Qian（钱） was equivalent to 4.13 g and one Zhan（盏） was equivalent to 300 mL， during the Ming and Qing dynasties， one Qian（钱） was equivalent to 3.73 g， and one Bei（杯） and one Zhong（盅） were equivalent to 200 mL. For drugs recorded in non-standard units of measurement， it is necessary to conduct actual measurements to determine their conversion standards based on comprehensive analysis to determine their origin. If necessary， different records of the dosage of drugs with the same or similar efficacy and indications in medical books of similar ages can be used to assist in determining the conversion standards. The analysis of the principle of dosage conversion for Chinese medicine is helpful for the clinical application and development of famous classical formulas.关键词：famous classical formulas;prescription dosage;decocting method;textual research;conversion principle;traditional Chinese medicine;weights and measures
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发布时间：2024-04-17 -
Biological Basis of Premature Ejaculation Based on Theory of "Brain-heart-kidney-semen Chamber" Axis AI导读
摘要：The theory of "brain-heart-kidney-semen chamber" axis is proposed based on the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine， the modern physiological characteristics of men's diseases， and clinical practice. According to this theory， dysfunctions of the brain， heart， kidney， and semen chamber are the core mechanisms for the occurrence of premature ejaculation， and the loss of control of the opening and closing of the seminal orifices due to the dysfunction of the semen chamber is the final link in the occurrence of premature ejaculation. The treatment of premature ejaculation based on the theory of "brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber" axis highlights the overall regulation of the Zang-fu organs involved in the disease， while focusing on the simultaneous treatment of the mind and body. By exploring the biological basis of the "brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber" axis and premature ejaculation， we propose that the biological basis of premature ejaculation and the axis is mainly related to the function decline of the local brain area， neuromodulation malfunction， central neurotransmitter imbalance， endocrine disorders， and enhanced sensory afferents of the penis. This study aims at providing a new approach for the prevention and treatment of premature ejaculation by traditional Chinese medicine and a scientific basis for the development of more effective therapeutic methods.关键词：premature ejaculation;"brain-heart-kidney-semen chamber" axis;5-hydroxytryptamine;neurotransmitters;biological basis- 68
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides are one of the most commonly used Tripterygium wilfordii preparations， which have anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating effects. Their unique therapeutic effect on some autoimmune diseases and kidney diseases is almost irreplaceable by other similar drugs， but the possible reproductive damage is the bottleneck that hinders their clinical application. In clinical use， female patients often suffer from menstrual cycle disorders， decreased menstrual flow， even amenorrhea， infertility， and other symptoms， and the main toxic mechanism lies in damaging the reproductive and endocrine functions of the ovary and inhibiting the growth and development of follicles. Therefore， it is particularly necessary to understand the toxic and side effects of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides on female reproduction and master the detoxification methods during clinical use. However， there is no clear solution to these problems. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine， "kidney governs reproduction"， and the relationship between kidney Yin， kidney essence， and female ovum is close. Therefore， by considering that the damage to the reproductive system caused by Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides belongs to the category of kidney deficiency， Yin damage， and essence deficiency， the "strengthening kidney Yin" method is proposed. It points out that the reproductive toxicity damage of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides on the female can be effectively alleviated by tonifying kidney and Yin essence in clinical use. The relevant research on traditional Chinese medicine， classical prescription， test prescription， and acupuncture is summarized to verify the necessity of the "strengthening kidney Yin" method， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the safe and rational clinical use of Tripterygium wilfordii.关键词：strengthening kidney Yin;kidney Yin essence;Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides;reproductive damage
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo construct the evidence body for revision of safety information on package inserts of Chinese patent medicines in post-marketing by taking Xiaoke'an capsules as an example， so as to provide reference for the revision of instructions of Chinese patent medicines in post-marketing.MethodThe construction of the evidence body was guided by the theory of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） and the Technical Guiding Principles for Revision of Safety Information Items in Instructions for TCMs After Marketing， and 8 categories and 25 specific items were taken as the main body of the evidence body， and information inclusion， integration， screening and improvement were carried out， then expert demonstrations were conducted， and finally modifications were made based on the opinions of the Center for Drug Evaluation to complete the revision of the safety information in the instructions of Xiaoke'an capsules.Result［Adverse reactions］ of Xiaoke'an capsules was revised to "monitoring data show that the following adverse reactions can be seen with this product：individual hypoglycemic reaction reports". ［Contraindications］ was revised to "contraindicated for those allergic to this product and its ingredients". ［Precautions］ was revised to "（1）pregnant women should use with caution， （2）elderly people should consult a physician， （3）people with spleen deficiency and dampness， spleen and stomach deficiency and cold， or those who eat less and have diarrhea should use with caution， （4）this product contains ginseng， should not be taken at the same time with TCM prescriptions or patent medicines containing veratrum and Wulingzhi， （5）pay attention to monitoring blood sugar during medication， （6）if any other discomfort occurs during medication， you should seek medical attention in time". The warning was revised to "use with caution by pregnant women， and pay attention to regular monitoring of blood sugar".ConclusionIn accordance with the content and process of the evidence body for the revision of safety information in the instructions， the revision of the safety information in the instructions of Xiaoke'an capsules has been completed， providing a strong basis for the rational and safe use of medication in the clinic.关键词：Chinese patent medicines;improvement of instructions;safety information;construction of evidence body;Xiaoke'an capsules;evidence synthesis;information transformation
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：Parkinson's disease （PD） is a common neurological degenerative disease in the middle-aged and elderly， characterized by pathological changes of progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and Lewy body formation， with high prevalence and long course of disease. The drug is mainly used to treat PD in western medicine， and the early curative effect is remarkable. However， with the progression of the disease and the long-term use of the drug， the efficacy will be significantly reduced， or there may be sports complications， and the long-term efficacy is not good. As a traditional medical system， traditional Chinese medicine has a unique understanding of PD. Traditional Chinese medicine plays an important role in the treatment of PD， which is natural， mild， safe， and effective， and it can cooperate with western medicine to enhance its efficacy and reduce the adverse reactions of western medicine. The pathogenesis of PD is complex， involving multiple levels such as mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Neuroinflammation is also involved in the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD. The Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway is a classic inflammatory pathway， and its expression changes play an important role in the occurrence and development of inflammatory response in the body. In recent years， the research on this pathway in TCM is increasing. This paper summarized the literature of traditional Chinese and western medicine in the past 10 years and reviewed the relevant mechanism of TCM regulation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway in the treatment of PD from the aspects of TCM monomer， compound， and other TCM therapies， so as to provide some references for the search for new targets of drug therapy and gene therapy and the in-depth study of TCM prevention and treatment of PD.关键词：traditional Chinese medicine;Parkinson's disease;Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway;mechanism of action;research progress
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：Cancer， one of the deadliest diseases caused by cells escaping homeostasis， abnormal proliferation， and abnormal differentiation， is fast becoming one of the most burdensome diseases of this century. With decades of human research and cognitive changes in cancer， cancer treatment is also developing rapidly， but there is still a lack of effective treatment and countermeasures. Especially， the search for safe， efficient， and non-toxic drugs has become a long-term goal in the field of cancer. Saponins extracted and separated from traditional Chinese medicine can improve cancer through various pathways and have almost no toxic side effects. Therefore， the research on the anti-cancer effect of saponins is heating up. It is found that saponins play anti-tumor roles by inhibiting proliferation， metastasis， and angiogenesis of cancer cells， promoting apoptosis of cancer cells， inducing autophagy of tumor cells， and regulating miRNA expression and immune functions. Chinese herbal medicine saponins can regulate secretory glycoprotein /β-catenin （Wnt/β-catenin）， adenylate activated protein kinase （AMPK）， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， Janus kinase/activator of signal transduction and transcription 3 （JAK/ STAT3）， hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）， Toll-like receptor （TLR）， and other related signaling pathways to get involved in the proliferation， metastasis， angiogenesis， apoptosis， autophagy， and other processes of cancer cells， thus interfering with the progression of cancer. Therefore， the focus of this review is to update the discovery and evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine saponins with anti-cancer properties， clarify their mechanism of action， including the progress of related signaling pathways， and deepen the understanding of the anti-cancer function of Chinese herbal medicine saponins， so as to provide a new perspective and direction for the prevention and treatment of tumors by traditional Chinese medicine and better promote the development and utilization of resources.关键词：cancer;Chinese herbal medicine saponins;mechanism of action;signaling pathway;research progress
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：Depression is a kind of complex mental illness， which is mainly treated by western medicine at present， but the effect of western antidepressant drugs is not good due to the combined influence of side effects and individual differences of patients. Depression is a "stagnation syndrome" in traditional Chinese medicine， and its treatment principle is to disperse stagnated liver Qi for relieving Qi stagnation. The classic traditional Chinese medicine formula Chaihu Shugansan （CHSGS） has a long history of treating depression and demonstrates significant therapeutic efficacy. Clinically， the addition and subtraction of CHSGS is flexible， but the properties of the active ingredients are vague， and the mechanism and function are unclear. In order to elucidate the pharmacodynamic basis and antidepressant mechanism of CHSGS， this article reviews the pharmacodynamic material basis of CHSGS， clinical research and antidepressant mechanism research progress. Clinically， CHSGS can treat various types of depression such as primary depression， post-stroke depression， and postpartum depression. This article summarizes 32 main ingredients of CHSGS， among which albiflorin， ferulic acid， naringin， hesperidin， saikosaponin a， glycyrrhetinic acid， tangeretin， meranzin hydrate， nobiletin and glycyrrhizic acid are the quality markers （Q-markers） for the antidepressant effect of CHSGS. The antidepressant mechanism of CHSGS is complex， including regulating monoamine neurotransmitters， hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， neurotrophic factors， inflammatory response， cell damage-related pathways， oxidative stress， etc. This article helps to deeply understand the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanism of CHSGS in treating depression， and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of CHSGS in treating depression and the development of antidepressant drugs.关键词：Chaihu Shugansan;depression;pharmacodynamic basis;quality marker of traditional Chinese medicine;action mechanism
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发布时间：2024-04-17 -
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Effective Components in Treating Alzheimer's Disease： A Review 增强出版 AI导读
摘要：Alzheimer's disease is a common central neurodegenerative disease， mainly manifested by cognitive impairment and non-cognitive neuropsychiatric symptoms that severely affect patients' daily life and behavioral functioning. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is still unclear， and the western medicine currently used to treat Alzheimer's disease is only symptomatic， with a single pathway， limited efficacy， and many side effects. In recent years， with the deepening of research on Alzheimer's disease， the study and application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease have gradually increased. Several studies have shown that TCM and its effective components can exert anti-Alzheimer's disease effects by regulating molecular mechanisms such as pathological protein production and aggregation， oxidative stress， neuroinflammation， ferroptosis， mitochondrial dysfunction， neurogenesis and neurotransmission， and brain-gut axis. This paper summarized the research progress of TCM in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in recent years， so as to provide a reference for further study of the specific mechanism of TCM in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and the discovery of effective components of TCM.关键词：Alzheimer's disease;traditional Chinese medicine;mechanism of action;ferroptosis;gut-brain axis- 85
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury （CIRI） has a very high incidence， disability， and mortality rates， which seriously affects human life and health. In recent years， modern medicine has made some progress in the diagnosis and treatment of CIRI， but there are still problems such as difficulties in postoperative rehabilitation and adverse drug reactions， and new therapeutic drugs for CIRI are urgently needed. As an important class of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine， flavonoids can play antioxidant， apoptosis inhibition， anti-inflammatory， and other pharmacological effects to improve brain tissue damage， which is important for improving the quality of life of CIRI patients and slowing down the aging of the social population. Numerous studies have found that flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicine can regulate cell surface receptors Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappaB （TLR4/NF-κB）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， adenylate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin protein （AMPK/mTOR）， Ras homologous gene family member A/Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase （RhoA/ROCK）， nuclear factor E2-associated factor 2/Kelch-like epoxychloropropane-associated protein-1/haemoglobin oxygenase 1 （Nrf2/Keap1/ HO-1）， Notch， and other signaling pathways， so as to regulate the transcription and expression of related proteins after CIRI， alleviate brain tissue injury， and improve CIRI. This paper analyzed the relevant literature in China and abroad in recent years， reviewed the mechanism of action and related pathways of flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicine to improve CIRI， and explored the new therapeutic direction of CIRI at the metabolic level， with a view to providing a basis for the further development and application of flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicine.关键词：flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicine;cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury;anti-inflammatory;antioxidant;apoptosis inhibition
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发布时间：2024-04-17 -
Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Modulating Effect of Chinese Medicine： A Review 增强出版 AI导读
摘要：Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF）， as a progressive lung disease， has a poor prognosis and no reliable and effective therapies. IPF is mainly treated by organ transplantation and administration of chemical drugs， which are ineffective and induce side effects， failing to meet the clinical needs. Therefore， developing safer and more effective drugs has become an urgent task， which necessitates clear understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF. The available studies about the pathogenesis of IPF mainly focus on macrophage polarization， epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）， oxidative stress， and autophagy， while few studies systematically explain the principles and links of the pathogeneses. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory， Qi deficiency and blood stasis and Qi-Yang deficiency are the key pathogeneses of IPF. Therefore， the Chinese medicines or compound prescriptions with the effects of replenishing Qi and activating blood， warming Yang and tonifying Qi， and eliminating stasis and resolving phlegm are often used to treat IPF. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that such medicines play a positive role in inhibiting macrophage polarization， restoring redox balance， inhibiting EMT， and regulating cell autophagy. However， few studies report how Chinese medicines regulate the pathways in the treatment of IPF. By reviewing the latest articles in this field， we elaborate on the pathogenesis of IPF and provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanism of the active ingredients or compound prescriptions of Chinese medicines in regulating IPF. Combining the pathogenesis of IPF with the modulating effects of Chinese medicines， we focus on exploring systemic treatment options for IPF， with a view to providing new ideas for the in-depth study of IPF and the research and development of related drugs.关键词：idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF）;pathogenesis;Chinese medicine;mechanism;macrophage polarization;epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）;oxidative stress;autophagy- 63
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发布时间：2024-04-17 - 摘要：Gastrointestinal motility disorder is an important cause of digestive system diseases. Patients often suffer from nausea， vomiting， gastric retention， gastroparesis， constipation， and many other symptoms， and their quality of life is seriously reduced. Prokinetic agents are routinely used in clinical practice， but their long-term use is prone to problems such as reduced efficacy and increased adverse reactions. Since the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases has continued to rise globally in recent years， there is an urgent need for clinical development of safe and effective treatment strategies. Aurantii Fructus， a traditional Chinese medicine， has the effect of smoothing Qi and eliminating distention， and it has been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases for thousands of years. In modern clinical practice， it is mainly used for the treatment and auxiliary treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases such as functional dyspepsia， functional constipation， and irritable bowel syndrome. The efficacy is remarkable， and no adverse reactions have been reported at conventional doses. Therefore， it can greatly improve the symptoms of patients with gastrointestinal diseases and improve their quality of life. Modern research has revealed that there are many active components in Aurantii Fructus， among which flavonoids have the highest content and the most types. Flavonoids are the main active components in Aurantii Fructus to regulate gastrointestinal motility. Aurantii Fructus and its active components can affect gastrointestinal hormones， neural pathways， Cajal mesenchymal cells， and other multiple mechanisms. They can adjust gastrointestinal motility and correct gastrointestinal motility disorders， showing potential application value in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders. However， a comprehensive analysis of Aurantii Fructus in this aspect is still lacking. This study summarized the pharmacological activities of active components of Aurantii Fructus extract and its flavonoids， volatile oils， alkaloids， and coumarin on the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and explored the latest research progress on its mechanism. Finally， the adverse reactions of Aurantii Fructus were summarized. It aims to provide a scientific basis for the research and clinical application of Aurantii Fructus and its active components in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility.关键词：Aurantii Fructus;gastrointestinal motility disorders;active components;mechanism of action;research progress
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发布时间：2024-04-17
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