最新刊期
      卷 30 ， 期 11 ， 2024
      • “科研团队深入探讨了传统中药苓桂术甘汤（LGZGT）在阿尔茨海默病（AD）治疗中的潜力。研究通过构建β淀粉样蛋白1-42（Aβ1-42）诱导的大鼠原代星形胶质细胞（AS）AD模型，观察了LGZGT含药血清对该模型的影响。实验结果显示，Aβ1-42对AS的增殖具有抑制作用，而LGZGT含药血清能显著提高细胞存活率，降低乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活力，减轻细胞损伤。此外，LGZGT还能上调Aβ相关降解酶如胰岛素降解酶（IDE）和组织蛋白酶D（CTSD）的表达，增强组织蛋白酶B（CTSB）的荧光强度，降低细胞内Aβ1-42含量。这一发现表明，LGZGT对Aβ1-42诱导的AS具有保护作用，并能促进Aβ的降解。其机制可能与减轻Aβ毒性、增强细胞活力、促进IDE、CTSD、CTSB的表达及恢复溶酶体的功能相关。这为AD的治疗提供了新的候选药物和研究方向。”
        GAO Min,CHENG Xiaojing,TIAN Qingrong,LING Yun,ZHOU Xibin,ZHOU Chunxiang
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 1-8(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20232444
        摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Linggui Zhugantang （LGZGT）-containing serum on primary astrocytes （AS） induced by β amyloid 1-42 （Aβ1-42） in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease （AD） and explore the phagocytic and degradative effects of LGZGT on Aβ.MethodAn AD model was established by inducing AS with Aβ1-42. The cells were divided into normal group， model group， LGZGT low-， medium-， and high-dose （LGZGT-L， LGZGT-M， and LGZGT-H） groups， and donepezil hydrochloride group. The model group was treated with Aβ1-42 at a final concentration of 10 μmol∙L-1. The LGZGT-L， LGZGT-M， and LGZGT-H groups were treated with 10% serum containing LGZGT on the basis of the model group. Cell viability was assessed using a cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） activity was measured using an LDH assay kit， and cell morphology was observed using an inverted microscope. The expression of Aβ-related degradation enzymes insulin-degrading enzyme （IDE） and cathepsin D （CTSD） was detected using Western blot， and the fluorescence intensity of cathepsin B （CTSB） was measured using immunofluorescence. The content of Aβ1-42 in cells was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）.ResultCompared with the normal group， the viability of AS in all groups decreased， and Aβ1-42 at different concentrations had inhibitory effects on AS proliferation. After administration， compared with the normal group， the cell survival rate of the model group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the cell survival rates of the LGZGT-H group and donepezil hydrochloride group increased significantly （P<0.05）. The LDH activity of cells in the model group was significantly increased compared with that in the normal group （P<0.05）， and cell bodies were swollen and enlarged with increased protrusions and elongation， suggesting more obvious cell damage. Compared with the model group， the LDH activity of cells in the donepezil hydrochloride， LGZGT-L， LGZGT-M， and LGZGT-H groups decreased significantly （P<0.05）. After administration， the cell swelling in the LGZGT-M， LGZGT-H， and donepezil hydrochloride groups improved， cell protrusions shortened， and cell clustering decreased. Compared with the normal group， the expression of IDE and CTSD in the model group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the expression of IDE increased significantly in the LGZGT-M and LGZGT-H groups （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the expression of CTSD increased significantly in the LGZGT-L， LGZGT-M， LGZGT-H， and donepezil hydrochloride groups （P<0.05）. The average fluorescence intensity of CTSB in the model group was significantly lower than that in the normal group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the average fluorescence intensity of CTSD in the LGZGT-L， LGZGT-M， LGZGT-H， and donepezil hydrochloride groups increased significantly （P<0.05）. The intracellular content of Aβ1-42 in cells in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal group （P<0.05）. After administration， compared with the model group， the intracellular content of Aβ1-42 in cells in the LGZGT-L， LGZGT-M， LGZGT-H， and donepezil hydrochloride groups decreased significantly （P<0.05）， and LGZGT-containing serum reduced Aβ1-42 in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05）.ConclusionLGZGT has a protective effect on Aβ1-42-induced AS and can promote the degradation of Aβ. Its mechanism may be related to reducing Aβ toxicity， enhancing cell viability， promoting the expression of IDE， CTSD， and CTSB， and restoring lysosomal function.  
        关键词：Alzheimer's disease （AD）;astrocytes （AS）;Linggui Zhugantang （LGZGT）;amyloid β （Aβ）;phlegm fluid retention   
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        发布时间：2024-04-30
      • “一项关于当归拈痛汤治疗膝骨关节炎（KOA）机制的研究取得新进展。研究团队利用16S rDNA技术，深入探讨了当归拈痛汤调控肠道菌群对KOA的治疗作用。实验结果显示，高剂量当归拈痛汤能显著缓解KOA小鼠的疼痛症状，改善关节结构紊乱，维持膝关节软骨完整性，并调整肠道菌群物种丰富度与结构。通过对比假手术组、模型组及当归拈痛汤组，研究团队发现模型组中部分菌群丰度显著提高，而当归拈痛汤组则能显著降低这些菌群丰度，同时提升其他菌群丰度。这些发现表明，当归拈痛汤可能通过调节肠道菌群结构、促进益生菌生长、抑制有害致病菌，实现对KOA的有效治疗。这一研究成果不仅为KOA的治疗提供了新的思路，也为中药与肠道菌群相互作用的研究开辟了新方向。”
        WU Shuang,YUAN Lixia,LIAO Qing,CAI Yisi,ZHONG Wei,CHEN Hong
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 9-17(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20232442
        摘要：ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the potential mechanism of Danggui Niantongtang in treating knee osteoarthritis （KOA） by regulating the intestinal flora through 16S rDNA analysis.MethodThirty-six C57BL/6J mice were subjected to anterior cruciate ligament transection （ACLT） to establish a KOA model and were randomly divided into the sham surgery group， model group， low-dose Danggui Niantongtang group （0.819 g·kg-1）， medium-dose Danggui Niantongtang group （1.638 g·kg-1）， high-dose Danggui Niantongtang group （3.276 g·kg-1）， and Meloxicam group （0.975 mg·kg-1）， with 6 mice in each group. Except for the treatment groups， the sham surgery group and model group were given normal saline by gavage. After 4 weeks of continuous intervention， feces and intact knee joints of the mice were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Safranin O-Fast Green staining were performed to observe the pathological changes in knee joint tissue morphology. The 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze changes in the abundance and diversity of intestinal microorganisms before and after treatment， along with corresponding functional predictions.ResultHigh-dose Danggui Niantongtang and Meloxicam significantly relieved pain symptoms in KOA mice， improved the disorder of joint structure， maintained the integrity of knee articular cartilage， increased the expression of type Ⅱ collagen alpha 1 （Col2a1） in articular cartilage， and decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 （MMP-13）. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that high-dose Danggui Niantongtang could adjust the abundance and structure of intestinal microbial species. Compared with the sham surgery group， the abundance of Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Ruminococcus， and Bacteroides was significantly increased in the model group （P<0.05）， while in the Danggui Niantongtang group， the abundance of these four flora was significantly reduced compared with the model group. Compared with the sham surgery group， the abundance of Verrucomicrobia， Oscillospira， and Akkermansia was significantly decreased in the model group （P<0.05）， while in the Danggui Niantongtang groups， the abundance of these three flora was significantly increased compared with the model group （P<0.05）. Functional pathway prediction of differential genera revealed that species differences among groups mainly involved metabolic pathways with high abundance associated with biosynthesis and precursors， as well as energy production， including amino acid biosynthesis， nucleotide and nucleoside biosynthesis， cofactors， prosthetic groups， electron carriers， and vitamin biosynthesis.ConclusionDanggui Niantongtang can effectively protect articular cartilage and delay the progression of KOA， possibly by regulating the structure of the intestinal flora， promoting probiotics， and inhibiting the growth of harmful pathogenic bacteria.  
        关键词：knee osteoarthritis;Danggui Niantongtang;intestinal flora;16S rDNA sequencing;articular cartilage   
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        发布时间：2024-04-30
      • “四神煎对碘乙酸钠诱导的大鼠膝骨关节炎（KOA）滑膜病变的影响及机制得到了深入研究。研究人员采用了60只雌性SD大鼠，通过关节腔内注射碘乙酸钠复制KOA大鼠模型，并分别给予塞来昔布和四神煎进行干预。经过连续4周的实验，研究人员发现，与模型组相比，四神煎各剂量组大鼠膝关节横径显著减小，膝关节滑液中的炎性细胞因子IL-1β和TNF-α表达水平也显著降低。此外，四神煎还能明显降低膝关节滑膜中TGF-β1/Smad2/3通路相关蛋白和mRNA的表达，从而抑制滑膜纤维化和血管新生。这一研究不仅为KOA滑膜病变的治疗提供了新的药物候选，同时也为深入探索KOA的发病机制和治疗方法提供了有益的参考。”
        HU Zixuan,HUANG Xuejun,YAO Nan,PENG Sha,HUANG Dan'e,JIANG Tao,GAN Haining,HUANG Xiaodan
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 18-26(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240506
        摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the effect and mechanism of Sishenjian on synovial lesions induced by monosodium iodoacetate （MIA） in rats with knee osteoarthritis （KOA）.MethodSixty female Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into the following six groups： normal group， model group， celecoxib group， and high-， medium-， and low-dose Sishenjian group. The KOA rat model was established by intra-articular injection of MIA. Celecoxib （18 mg·kg-1） and Sishenjian （14.4， 7.2， 3.6 g·kg-1） were administered by gavage according to the groups. All rats were euthanized after four weeks of continuous administration. The transverse diameter of the bilateral knee joints of rats was measured， and gross observation of the knee joint was performed. Pathological changes in knee joint synovial tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and picrosirius red staining. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA） in synovial tissue. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in the joint synovial fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the expression of mRNA and proteins related to the transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）/Smad2/3 pathway in knee joint synovium.ResultCompared with the normal group， the transverse diameter of the knee joint in the model group significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the transverse diameter of the knee joint in rats of each Sishenjian group significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the expression levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the knee joint synovial fluid of model group significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the knee joint synovial fluid of rats in each Sishenjian group significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the expression levels of TGF-β1， Smad2/3， phosphorylation（p）-Smad2/3， type Ⅰ collagen α1 （ColⅠα1）， type Ⅲ collagen α1 （ColⅢα1）， VEGFA proteins and TGF-β1， Smad2/3， ColⅠα1， ColⅢα1 mRNA in knee joint synovium of model group significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the expression levels of TGF-β1， Smad2/3， phosphorylation （p）-Smad2/3， ColⅠα1， ColⅢα1， VEGFA proteins and TGF-β1， Smad2/3， ColⅠα1， ColⅢα1 mRNA in knee joint synovium of rats in each Sishenjian group significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionSishenjian can inhibit synovial inflammation and angiogenesis， and may become a potential drug for treating synovial lesions in KOA by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway.  
        关键词：Sishenjian;synovitis;angiogenesis;synovial fibrosis   
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        发布时间：2024-04-30
      • “加味苇茎汤对RAW264.7巨噬细胞焦亡模型的干预作用及其对焦亡通路的影响被深入研究。科研人员通过模拟巨噬细胞焦亡模型，发现加味苇茎汤能有效减轻细胞焦亡状态，改善细胞形态。此外，研究还揭示了加味苇茎汤可能通过下调Caspase-1/GSDMD通路，抑制巨噬细胞焦亡，减少炎症因子IL-18和IL-1β的释放。这一发现为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的治疗提供了新的思路和方法，有望为相关领域的研究和发展奠定基础。”
        SHANG Dongfang,ZHAO Chenlu,WANG Siying,ZHOU Cheng,LIU Minghao,ZHU Pingsheng,MA Suping,ZHAO Wenxia
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 27-33(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20232422
        摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of modified Weijingtang on the pyroptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages via the cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1）/gasdermin D （GSDMD） pathway.MethodLipopolysaccharide （LPS） was used to induce pyroptosis of RAW264.7 cells. The blank group was treated with the blank serum， and the intervention groups were treated with the sera containing different doses of modified Weijingtang. After 24 h， the viability of cells in different groups was examined by the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8）. The pyroptosis and morphology of cells in each group were observed by a scanning electron microscope and a phase-contrast microscope， respectively. The mRNA and protein levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， Caspase-1， and GSDMD in each group were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. The levels of interleukin （IL）-18 and IL-1β in each group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultUnder the electron microscope， RAW264.7 cells presented the best morphology and structure in the blank group and obvious pyroptosis and leakage of cell contents in the model （LPS） group. Compared with the model group， the intervention groups showed reduced pyroptosis to varying degrees， and the high-dose group had the closest cell morphology and structure to the blank group. Under the optical microscope， RAW264.7 cells were spherical in the blank group and irregular with protrusions in the model group. Compared with the model group， the intervention groups showed improved cell morphology， and the cell morphology in the group with the dose of 20% was the closest to that in the blank group. The mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD in the model group were higher than those in the blank group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， each intervention group showed down-regulated expression of the above indicators （P<0.05）. Compared with the blank group， the model group presented elevated levels of IL-18 and IL-1β （P<0.05）， which were lowered in the intervention （10%， 20%） groups （P<0.01）.ConclusionModified Weijingtang inhibits the pyroptosis of macrophages by down-regulating the Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway and reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines.  
        关键词：modified Weijingtang;non-alcoholic steatohepatitis;macrophages;pyroptosis;anti-inflammatory effect   
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        发布时间：2024-04-30
      • “一项关于白鲜皮-苦参对Wistar大鼠肝损伤后微生物变化的研究取得了重要进展。该研究利用高通量测序技术，深入探讨了白鲜皮-苦参致肝损伤的潜在微生物机制。研究团队通过给大鼠灌胃不同剂量的白鲜皮-苦参，观察了其对大鼠肝脏的影响。结果显示，中药中、高剂量组的大鼠肝脏重量和肝脏体质量比显著增加，且血清白蛋白、胆固醇水平也有所上升。此外，肝脏组织病理学出现了微小空泡样改变，表明白鲜皮-苦参可能对大鼠肝脏造成了损伤。值得一提的是，研究还发现白鲜皮-苦参给药后出现了明显的肠道菌群紊乱。与正常组相比，中药中、高剂量组的α多样性增加，物种组成也发生了显著变化。例如，厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比例下降，而某些与脂代谢相关的微生物如Parasutterella、Romboutsia等则显著升高。相关性分析进一步表明，这些微生物的变化与血清胆固醇、肝脏体质量比等指标密切相关。这一研究成果为理解白鲜皮-苦参致肝损伤的微生物机制提供了新的视角，也为未来相关药物研发和临床应用提供了重要参考。”
        NIU Luna,WANG Chunguo,JING Lu
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 34-42(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240424
        摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the microbial changes in Wistar rats with liver injury caused by the Dictamni Cortex-Flavescens Sophora by high-throughput sequencing technology and investigate the potential mechanism of liver injury caused by the Dictamni Cortex-Flavescens Sophora.MethodFemale Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups： normal group， as well as low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The rats were gavaged with the Dictamni Cortex-Flavescens Sophora in different doses （4.125， 8.25， 16.5 g·kg-1 of raw drug respectively） for 28 days， and the general condition was recorded. The liver-body weight ratio was calculated， and the biochemical indexes of serum were observed. The Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in the liver， and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was utilized to detect fecal microbial changes in rats.ResultCompared with the normal group， Dictamni Cortex-Flavescens Sophora increased the liver weights and liver-body weight ratios of Wistar rats. The difference in liver weight between the medium-dose and high-dose groups of TCM was statistically significant （P<0.05）， and the liver-body weight ratios of the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of TCM were all statistically significant （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal group， serum albumin and cholesterol levels increased in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of TCM （P<0.05）. The histopathology of the liver in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of TCM showed tiny vacuole-like changes. Compared with the normal group， there were obvious intestinal flora disorders after administration of Dictamni Cortex-Flavescens Sophora， and alpha diversity increased in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of TCM. The principal coordinates analysis showed that species increasingly deviated from the normal group as the administered dose increased. Compared with the normal group， the proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota decreased after the drug administration， and the genus level of Parasutterella， Romboutsia， Turicibacter， Allobaculum， and Dubosiella increased. The genus level of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group， Blautia， Erysipelatoclostridium， Muribaculum， and Ruminococcus_gnavus_group decreased. The correlation analysis showed that Parasutterella， Romboutsia， Turicibacter， Allobaculum， and Dubosiella were positively correlated with serum cholesterol and liver-body weight ratio， and lanchnospiraceae_NK4A136_group， Blautia， Muribaculum， Erysipelatoclostridium， and Ruminococcus_gnavus_group were negatively associated with serum cholesterol and liver-body weight ratio.ConclusionThe liver injury caused by Dictamni Cortex-Flavescens Sophora is manifested as a lipid metabolism disorder， and the mechanism is related to the increase in lipid metabolism-related microorganisms.  
        关键词：lipid metabolism disorder;intestinal microorganisms;16S rDNA sequencing;correlation analysis;liver injury caused by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）;Dictamni Cortex-Flavescens Sophora   
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        发布时间：2024-04-30
      • “一项关于桑叶水提物对2型糖尿病小鼠脂肪组织氧化应激影响的研究取得了重要进展。研究团队通过精心设计的实验，发现桑叶水提物能够显著降低糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖和口服糖耐量水平，同时减少脂肪组织指数。这一作用机制与桑叶水提物提升血清抗氧化物酶SOD、GSH含量，降低氧化应激损伤标志物MDA水平有关。更重要的是，研究还揭示了桑叶水提物能够上调脂肪组织中SIRT1蛋白的表达，并下调NOX4蛋白的表达，这为进一步理解桑叶水提物改善糖尿病的作用提供了重要线索。这一发现不仅为糖尿病治疗提供了新的潜在药物，也为桑叶资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。”
        ZHANG Huilin,AN Yongcheng,HE Changhao,HUANG Yan,FU Wanxin,WANG Menglu,SHAN Ziyi,DU Yuhang,XIE Jiamei,JIA Zhanhong,ZHAO Baosheng
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 43-50(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240428
        摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of water extract of Mori Folium （MLE） on oxidative stress in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） mice and explore its mechanism.MethodTwenty-four male db/db mice were randomly divided into model group， metformin group， low-dose MLE （MLE-L） group， and high-dose MLE （MLE-H） group according to their body weight and blood glucose， with six mice in each group， and other six C57BLKS/JGpt wild littermate mice were selected as normal group. The mice in the metformin group were given 200 mg·kg-1 metformin suspension， and the mice in the MLE-L and MLE-H groups were respectively given 2 g·kg-1 and 4 g·kg-1 MLE， while the mice in the normal group and model group were given the same dose of deionized water by daily gavage for eight weeks. Body weight， subcutaneous fat index， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， and oral glucose tolerance level （OGTT） of the mice were detected， and serum superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） were measured. The expression levels of silent information regulator 1 （SIRT1） and NADPH oxidase type 4 （NOX4） protein in subcutaneous adipose tissue of the mice were detected by Western blot.ResultThe FBG level， OGTT， and subcutaneous fat index of T2DM mice were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01） after administration of MLE compared with the blank group. The contents of serum SOD and GSH were significantly increased， while the level of oxidative stress damage marker MDA was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of SIRT1 protein in adipose tissue was significantly increased， while the expression of NOX4 protein was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionMLE can ameliorate T2DM by alleviating oxidative stress in adipose tissue of T2DM mice and reducing blood glucose.  
        关键词：water extract of Mori Folium;type 2 diabetes mellitus;oxidative stress;adipose tissue   
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        发布时间：2024-04-30
      • “关于桑叶水提物对糖尿病小鼠肾脏保护作用的研究取得了新进展。研究团队通过精心设计的实验，发现桑叶水提物能够显著改善db/db糖尿病小鼠的肾脏结构和功能。这一发现为糖尿病肾病的防治提供了新的潜在药物选择。实验过程中，研究团队将小鼠分为不同组别，并给予不同药物处理。通过对比各组小鼠的生理指标和肾脏组织病理变化，他们发现桑叶水提物能够显著降低小鼠的血糖水平，改善肾脏功能，并减轻肾脏组织中的炎症反应。这些效果在给予高剂量桑叶水提物的小鼠中尤为明显。此外，研究团队还深入探讨了桑叶水提物发挥保护作用的机制。他们发现，桑叶水提物能够抑制Toll样受体4（TLR4）/髓样分化因子88（MyD88）/核转录因子-κB p65（NF-κB p65）信号通路的激活，从而减轻肾脏组织中的炎症反应和损伤。这一发现为我们理解桑叶水提物保护肾脏的机制提供了重要线索。综上所述，这项研究不仅揭示了桑叶水提物对糖尿病小鼠肾脏的保护作用，还为我们提供了关于其保护机制的深入认识。这一成果为糖尿病肾病的防治提供了新的思路和方法，有望为未来的药物研发和治疗策略提供有力支持。”
        HUANG Yan,ZHANG Huilin,HE Changhao,AN Yongcheng,FU Wanxin,WANG Menglu,SHAN Ziyi,DU Yuhang,XIE Jiamei,JIA Zhanhong,ZHAO Baosheng
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 51-59(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240425
        摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects of Mori Folium extract （MLE） on the kidney of db/db diabetic mice and its mechanism.MethodTwenty-four male C57BLKS/JGpt-Leprdb/Leprdb （db/db） mice were randomly divided into model group， metformin group， low-dose group of MLE （MLE-L）， and high-dose group of MLE （MLE-H） according to their fasting blood glucose （FBG）， with six mice in each group， and other six C57BLKS/JGpt wild littermate （m/m） mice were selected as normal group. The mice in the drug administration groups were given corresponding drugs by gavage， and the mice in the normal group and model group were given the same dose of deionized water by gavage once a day for continuous eight weeks. Body weight， bilateral kidney weight， and FBG were measured， and an oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed. The pathological changes in the kidney tissue of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and periodic acid-silver （PAS） staining， and serum creatinine （SCr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） levels were detected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in serum and urinary microalbumin （U-mAlb） of mice. The expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）， and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （NF-κB p65） protein in kidney tissue of mice were tested by Western blot.ResultCompared with the normal group， the body weight， absolute renal weight， FBG， and the area under the curve （AUC） of OGTT of mice in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the levels of SCr， BUN， and U-mAlb， as well as TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The glomerular basement membrane in the kidney tissue of mice was thicker， with obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. The protein expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in the kidney tissue of mice were increased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， there was no statistical difference in the body weight of mice in each drug administration group. The absolute renal weight of mice in the MLE-H and metformin groups was significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The FBG levels of mice in the metformin， MLE-L， and MLE-H groups started to decrease after treatment for four to eight weeks （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The AUC of mice in the MLE-H and metformin groups was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The levels of SCr， BUN， and U-mAlb of mice in the MLE-H and metformin groups were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and those of SCr and U-mAlb of mice in the MLE-L group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum of mice in the MLE-H and metformin groups were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The renal tissue pathology of mice in each drug administration group was improved to varying degrees， and the protein expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in the MLE-H group were decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionMLE can improve the renal structure and function of db/db diabetic mice， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.  
        关键词：Mori Folium extract;type 2 diabetic mellitus;diabetic nephropathy;Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）;myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）;nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （NF-κB p65）   
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      • “科技新闻播报：桑叶，这一古老的中药材，如今在糖尿病研究领域展现出新的活力。桑叶具有疏散风热、清肺润燥、平肝明目、凉血止血等多种功效，尤其是其调节血糖的作用备受关注。通过检索中国知网、Web of Science及PubMed等数据库，相关研究发现，桑叶中的黄酮、生物碱、多糖、酚类等成分在降糖方面表现出显著效果。桑叶降糖机制涉及多成分、多通路、多靶点，主要通过改善糖脂代谢、保护胰腺β细胞、减轻胰岛素抵抗等方式减轻高血糖对机体的损害。为了更好地提取桑叶中的降糖活性成分，研究者们不断探索新的提取工艺，包括传统的溶剂提取法、超声辅助、微波辅助等，以及新兴的CO2超临界流体萃取法、酶解法、浊点萃取法等。通过对桑叶降糖有效部位的研究，分析各类降糖成分适用的提取方法，对比传统与新兴提取工艺的优缺点，有望为桑叶降糖有效部位提取工艺的优化、降糖化学成分及其作用机制研究、新药开发和临床应用提供有效的理论支撑。这一研究成果不仅为糖尿病治疗提供了新的思路，也为中药材的现代化应用开辟了新的方向。”
        XIE Jiamei,ZHANG Huilin,HUANG Yan,WANG Menglu,DU Yuhang,HE Changhao,AN Yongcheng,FU Wanxin,SHAN Ziyi,ZHAO Baosheng
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 60-69(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240825
        摘要：Mori Folium， the dried leaves of Morus alba， is widely used in clinical practice for dispersing wind and heat， clearing the lung and moistening dryness， soothing the liver and improving vision， and cooling blood and stopping bleeding. It has been used to regulate blood glucose since ancient times， and modern studies have shown that the active components of Mori Folium for lowering blood glucose mainly include flavonoids， alkaloids， polysaccharides， and phenols. These components are mainly extracted by solvents such as water and alcohols with the assistance of ultrasound and microwave. In addition， new extraction methods are emerging， such as CO2 supercritical fluid extraction， enzymatic hydrolysis， and cloud point extraction. Mori Folium lowers blood glucose via multiple components， pathways， and targets. Specifically， it can improve glucose and lipid metabolism， protect pancreatic β cells， and alleviate insulin resistance to reduce the damage caused by hyperglycemia and restore normal physiological functions. Although a large number of studies have been carried out on diabetes， the causes and radical treatment methods remain to be explored， and diabetes is still a major disease that endangers human health and needs to be solved urgently. The articles about extraction process and mechanism of active components in Mori Folium for lowering blood glucose were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Web of Science， and PubMed. We analyzed the applicable extraction methods for the blood glucose-lowering components such as flavonoids， polysaccharides， and alkaloids in Mori Folium， and compared the conventional and emerging methods. Furthermore， we summarized our research achievements in the extraction of active components from Mori Folium and the blood glucose-lowering effect and mechanisms. This review aims to provide theoretical support for the optimization of the extraction process， the research on the blood glucose-lowering components and mechanism， and the development of new drugs and clinical application of Mori Folium.  
        关键词：Mori Folium;diabetes mellitus;lowering blood glucose;extraction methods;mechanism   
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      • “本研究深入探索了天麻素在治疗非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）中的作用机制，为这一领域的研究注入了新的活力。研究者利用高脂高胆固醇饲料（HFHC）诱导的小鼠模型以及Huh7细胞模型，模拟了NAFLD的病理环境，并观察了天麻素对小鼠和细胞模型中脂质代谢的影响。研究发现，天麻素能够显著降低小鼠血清中的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯水平，明显改善脂肪肝病变，降低肝脏内的脂质含量。同时，在体外实验中，天麻素也显著降低了Huh7细胞的脂质蓄积水平。这些结果均表明，天麻素在降低肝内脂质积累和血脂水平方面具有显著效果。进一步的机制研究表明，天麻素的作用可能与调节类固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c（SREBP1c）信号通路有关。该通路在脂质合成过程中发挥着关键作用，而天麻素能够显著降低小鼠和Huh7细胞中SREBP1c及其下游脂质合成相关基因的表达水平，从而抑制脂质合成。这一发现为理解天麻素治疗NAFLD的作用机制提供了新的视角。综上所述，本研究的结果揭示了天麻素在降低肝内脂质积累和血脂水平、改善NAFLD方面的潜力，并初步阐明了其作用机制。这一发现为NAFLD的治疗提供了新的候选药物和研究方向，有望为这一领域的发展带来新的突破。”
        ZHANG Menglian,ZHANG Yaowen,TANG Linfeng,GONG Zaipeng,HAN Lan,WANG Dandan
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 70-77(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240504
        摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of gastrodin on the steroid regulatory element-binding protein 1c （SREBP1c） signaling pathway in high-fat high-cholesterol diet （HFHC）-induced mice and explore the mechanism of gastrodin in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）.MethodEight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were used in vivo and divided into the following four groups， with six mice in each group： normal group， gastrodin group （50 mg·kg-1）， model group， and model + gastrodin group （50 mg·kg-1）. NAFLD model was established by feeding mice with HFHC for four weeks， and the mice were euthanized and the liver tissues were collected after four weeks. In vitro experiments were performed using Huh7 cells which were divided into five groups， and induced with free fatty acids （FFA， 200 μmol·L-1， oleic acid-palmitic acid 2∶1） to establish an NAFLD cell model. After 24 h， different concentrations of gastrodin （0， 5， 10， 20， and 40 μmol·L-1） were added to each group and cultured for another 24 h. Oil red O staining was used to detect lipid accumulation in mouse liver and Huh7 cells. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in liver tissue. Levels of serum total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and triglycerides （TG） were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Relevant assay kits were used to detect liver TC， TG， and FFA levels. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the expression of lipid synthesis-related proteins fatty acid synthase （FASN）， acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 （ACC1）， and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 （SCD1）.ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed significantly increased serum TC， LDL-C， and TG levels （P<0.01）， liver TC， TG， and FFA levels （P<0.01）， increased lipid accumulation in Huh7 cells （P<0.01）， and significantly increased expression levels of lipid synthesis-related genes SREBP1c， FASN， ACC1， and SCD1 in mice and Huh7 cells （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， after gastrodin treatment， the serum TC， LDL-C， and TG levels in mice significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the severity of fatty liver disease improved significantly， liver TC， TG， and FFA levels decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lipid accumulation in Huh7 cells decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the expression levels of lipid synthesis-related genes SREBP1c， FASN， ACC1， and SCD1 in mice and Huh7 cells decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionGastrodin can reduce hepatic lipid accumulation and blood lipid levels， improve HFHC-induced NAFLD， and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the SREBP1c lipid synthesis-related signaling pathway.  
        关键词：gastrodin;nonalcoholic fatty liver disease;steroid regulatory element-binding protein 1c （SREBP1c）;dyslipidemia;steatosis   
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      • “一项关于槐杞黄颗粒对免疫球蛋白A血管炎肾炎小鼠干预作用的研究取得了重要进展。研究团队通过建立小鼠模型，观察了槐杞黄颗粒对IgAVN小鼠的治疗效果，并深入探讨了其疗效机制。研究结果显示，槐杞黄颗粒显著降低了小鼠的尿蛋白定量、尿β2-微球蛋白和血清白细胞介素-17等指标，同时还改善了肾脏IgA沉积和脾脏组织中的Th17细胞比例。这些结果表明，槐杞黄颗粒对IgAVN小鼠具有显著的治疗作用。进一步的研究发现，槐杞黄颗粒能够调控AMPK/ACC通路，影响Th17细胞的分化，从而纠正免疫炎症紊乱。这一发现为槐杞黄颗粒治疗IgAVN的机制提供了重要理论依据。综上所述，这项研究不仅为IgAVN的治疗提供了新的候选药物，也为深入探索槐杞黄颗粒的药理作用奠定了基础。未来，有望为更多免疫性疾病的治疗提供新的思路和方法。”
        YE Xinglan,LI Keying,LI Jiaxuan,BAI Juan,XU Wencheng,LIU Hong,XUE Xue
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 78-86(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240409
        摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the intervention effect of Huaiqihuang granules （HQH） on immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis （IgAVN） mice and explore the underlying therapeutic mechanism.MethodFifty SPF-grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a normal group， an IgAVN model group， a dexamethasone group （2.5 mg·kg-1·d-1）， a low-dose HQH group （4 g·kg-1·d-1）， and a high-dose HQH group （8 g·kg-1·d-1）. The mouse model was established using oral administration of gliadin combined with intravenous injection of India ink. After successful modeling， the mice were euthanized after 4 weeks of gastric gavage according to groups. The 24 h urinary total protein （24 h UTP）， urine β2-microglobulin （β2-MG）， serum total protein， albumin， IgA， etc. were detected in each group. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of T helper 17 （Th17） cells in spleen cell suspension. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase α （AMPKα）， phosphorylated AMPKα （p-AMPKα）， acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 （ACC1）， and phosphorylated ACC1 （p-ACC1） in Th17 cells. Pathological changes in the spleen and kidneys were observed.ResultCompared with the normal group， the IgAVN model group showed significant increases in 24 h UTP， urine β2-MG， total cholesterol （P<0.05）， serum interleukin-17 （IL-17）， IgA， Th17 proportion in the spleen cell suspension， and IL-17 expression in the spleen tissue （P<0.01）， and significantly decreased serum total protein， albumin， p-AMPKα/AMPKα， and p-ACC1/ACC1 expression of Th17 cells （P<0.01）. Compared with the IgAVN model group， in the 4th week， the 24 h UTP， urine β2-MG， serum IL-17， IgA levels， and renal IgA deposition were significantly reduced in each treatment group （P<0.01）， and the Th17 proportion and IL-17 expression in spleen tissue were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum albumin levels significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the IgAVN model group， the dexamethasone group and the high-dose HQH group showed increases in serum total protein （P<0.01）， p-AMPKα/AMPKα， and p-ACC1/ACC1 expression of Th17 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The high-dose HQH group showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol level （P<0.05）. Various treatment groups showed different degrees of improvement in spleen and kidney pathological changes.ConclusionHQH may affect Th17 cell differentiation by regulating the AMPK/ACC pathway， correcting immune inflammatory disorders， and exerting therapeutic effects on IgAVN.  
        关键词：Huaiqihuang granules;immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis （IgAVN）;adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）;acetyl CoA carboxylase （ACC）;T helper 17 （Th17） cell   
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      • “一项关于参附益心颗粒对心肌梗死后心力衰竭大鼠线粒体动力学影响的研究取得重要进展。该研究采用左冠状动脉前降支结扎术制备了心力衰竭大鼠模型，并通过多种实验手段深入探讨了参附益心颗粒的作用机制。实验结果显示，与假手术组相比，模型组大鼠的心功能参数明显降低，血清脑钠肽和可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白含量显著增加，同时心肌细胞出现排列紊乱、炎性细胞浸润和心肌纤维化等病理改变。这些结果表明，心力衰竭大鼠模型制备成功。值得注意的是，与模型组相比，参附益心颗粒高剂量组和沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠组大鼠的心功能参数得到明显改善，血清脑钠肽和可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白含量显著降低，心肌细胞的病理改变也有所缓解。此外，这两个药物组大鼠的线粒体融合蛋白和视神经萎缩蛋白的表达水平也明显升高，而动力相关蛋白和分裂蛋白的表达水平则降低。这些结果表明，参附益心颗粒能够抗心力衰竭，改善心功能，其机制可能与调整线粒体动力学相关。该研究为心力衰竭的治疗提供了新的思路和方法，具有重要的临床意义。未来，我们将继续深入研究参附益心颗粒的作用机制，为心力衰竭的治疗提供更加有效的药物选择。”
        SONG Yuying,CUI Lin,HE Yufeng,ZHU Huiying,LIU Weihong,SHEN Si
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 87-94(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240566
        摘要：ObjectiveTo prepare a rat model of heart failure after myocardial infarction by ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery， and to observe the effect of Shenfu Yixin granules on the mitochondrial dynamics of rats with heart failure.MethodFifty SD male rats were randomly taken ten as the sham operation group and the rest as modeling group. The rat model of heart failure after myocardial infarction was prepared by ligation of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery. According to the left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF） on the 28th day after operation， the model rats were randomly divided into the model group， Shenfu Yixin granule low-dose and high-dose groups（3.011， 15.055 g·kg-1） and sacubitril valsartan sodium group（20.83 mg·kg-1）. Each administration group was gavaged daily with the corresponding dose of drug solution， while the sham operation group and model group were given the same amount of normal saline once a day for 28 days， with 6 rats in each group. Ultrasound was used to detect the cardiac function parameters， rat heart mass and body mass were weighed to calculate the cardiac mass index， enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect serum brain natriuretic peptide（BNP） and soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 protein（sST2） levels. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of the myocardium. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of mitochondrial fusion protein 1/2（Mfn1/2）， optic atrophy protein 1（Opa1）， dynamin-related protein 1（Drp1） and fission protein 1（Fis1）.ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the mRNA and protein expression of LVEF， Mfn1， Mfn2， Opal in the model group decreased（P<0.05）， while BNP， sST2， cardiac mass index， Drp1， Fis1 mRNA and protein levels increased（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the expression of LVEF， Mfn1， Mfn2， Opal mRNA and protein increased in Shenfu Yixin granule high-dose and sacubitril valsartan sodium groups（P<0.05）， while BNP， sST2， cardiac mass index， Drp1， Fis1 mRNA and protein levels decreased（P<0.05）. Pathological observation showed that compared with the sham operation group， the model group had disordered arrangement of myocardial cells， inflammatory cell infiltration and myocardial fibrosis. Compared with the model group， the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration， myocardial or interstitial fibrosis was improved and alleviated in all administered groups.ConclusionShenfu Yixin granules can resist heart failure， reduce cardiac mass index， decrease BNP and sST2 contents， and improve cardiac function. Its mechanism may be related to the adjustment of mitochondrial dynamics.  
        关键词：Shenfu Yixin granules;myocardial infarction;heart failure;mitochondrial dynamics;cardiac function parameters;fusion protein;polymerase chain reaction（PCR）   
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      • “一项关于解毒通络调肝方保护胰岛β细胞的研究取得了重要进展。该研究利用db/db小鼠模型，探讨了该中药方剂如何通过胆汁酸G蛋白偶联受体5（TGR5）/环状磷酸腺苷（cAMP）信号通路靶向NOD样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎症小体，从而发挥保护胰岛β细胞的作用。研究结果显示，解毒通络调肝方能够显著降低db/db小鼠的空腹血糖水平，改善口服糖耐量，并降低空腹胰岛素水平。此外，该方剂还能够显著降低小鼠体内的白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和IL-1β水平，这些都是糖尿病相关炎症的重要指标。在机制方面，解毒通络调肝方能够促进TGR5和cAMP的mRNA上调，并下调NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（ASC）和胱天蛋白酶-1（Caspase-1）的mRNA表达。同时，该方剂还能够增加TGR5蛋白表达，降低NLRP3、Caspase-1和ASC蛋白表达，以及提高cAMP含量。这些结果表明，解毒通络调肝方通过调节TGR5/cAMP信号通路，抑制NLRP3炎症小体的激活，从而保护胰岛β细胞。这项研究为糖尿病治疗提供了新的思路和方法，也为中药方剂在糖尿病治疗中的应用提供了科学依据。未来，我们可以进一步深入研究解毒通络调肝方的具体作用机制，以期为糖尿病的治疗和预防提供更加有效的药物选择。”
        ZHANG Qi,XIAO Yang,XU Jinghan,LIU Tianjiao,WANG Li,PIAO Chunli
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 95-103(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20232440
        摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the intervention effect of Jiedu Tongluo Tiaogan prescription （JTTP） in protecting pancreatic β cells by targeting the bile acid Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 （TGR5）/cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） signaling pathway against NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome.MethodThirty-two male SPF-grade db/db mice were randomly divided into the model group， low-dose JTTP group （3.6 g·kg-1）， high-dose JTTP group （7.2 g·kg-1）， and metformin group （0.2 g·kg-1）. Eight db/m mice were assigned to the blank control group. The mice were treated with drugs for 8 weeks， and fasting blood glucose （FBG） was measured every 2 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance tests （OGTT） were conducted after the last administration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was performed to detect fasting insulin （FINS）， and the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function （HOMA-β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and IL-1β levels were calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in mouse pancreatic tissue. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect insulin expression in mouse pancreatic tissue. Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to detect the expression of proteins and mRNAs of key targets in the TGR5/cAMP signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome.ResultCompared with blank group， FBG， OGTT， FINS， IL-6， TNF-α and IL-1β in model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， after 6 weeks of drug treatment， FBG level in JTTP group and metformin group decreased significantly （P<0.01）. The results of OGTT experiment showed that compared with model group， the blood glucose levels of mice in each administration group were decreased at all time points （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the levels of FINS， TNF-α and IL-6 in JTTP dose groups and metformin group were significantly decreased. The level of IL-1β in JTTP high-dose group and metformin group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Pancreatic pathology showed that the islets in the model group were irregular in shape， uneven in distribution， and showed signs of atrophy. The prognosis of JTTP was that the cell count increased and the boundary was clearer. Immunofluorescence results showed that the islet cells in the blank group were arranged in an orderly and full shape with appropriate insulin secretion， while the islet cells in model group were distorted in shape， atrophy in structure and less insulin secretion. The insulin content of mice in JTTP and metformin group was significantly increased. Compared with blank group， mRNA expressions of NLRP3， apoptosis-related spot-like protein （ASC） and Caspase-1 in pancreatic tissues of model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， JTTP high-dose group and metformin group promoted the up-regulation of TGR5 and cAMP mRNA， and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of NLRP3， ASC and Caspase-1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with blank group， the expression of TGR5 protein in model group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， TGR5 protein in JTTP high-dose group and metformin group was significantly increased （P<0.01）.  
        关键词：Jiedu Tongluo Tiaogan prescription;pancreatic β cell;bile acid Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 （TGR5）/cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） signaling pathway;NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome   
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      • “一项关于参红通络方加减对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠细胞凋亡作用机制的研究取得重要进展。研究团队通过精心设计的实验，成功制备了心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型，并观察了参红通络方加减对模型大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响。实验结果显示，参红通络方加减能显著降低血清中肌酸激酶同工酶、白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α的水平，同时减少心肌细胞的凋亡率。在蛋白表达方面，参红通络方加减明显下调了凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Caspase-3的表达，而促进了抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达。这一发现表明，参红通络方加减对心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用，其机制可能与抑制细胞凋亡、调节凋亡相关蛋白的表达有关。这项研究不仅为深入探索参红通络方的药理作用提供了实验依据，也为心肌缺血再灌注损伤的治疗提供了新的思路和方法。未来，研究团队将继续深入研究参红通络方的具体作用机制，以期为相关疾病的防治提供更为有效的药物选择。”
        LAI Yingrong,ZHAO Qianlin,JIANG Lihong
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 104-110(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240211
        摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of modified Shenhong Tongluo prescription on cell apoptosis in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI）.MethodSixty Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose groups of modified Shenhong Tongluo prescription， and a simvastatin group. Except for the blank group， a rat model of MIRI was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Starting from the first day after successful modeling， the blank group （1.0 mL·kg-1 physiological saline）， model group （1.0 mL·kg-1 physiological saline）， low-， medium-， and high-dose groups of modified Shenhong Tongluo prescription （1.031， 2.063， and 4.126 g·kg-1 Shenhong Tongluo prescriptiona standard concentrate）， and simvastatin group （0.71 mg·kg-1 simvastatin） were orally administered once daily for 2 weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of cardiomyocytes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme （CK-MB）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling（TUNEL） staining was used to detect the apoptosis rate of rat cardiomyocytes. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， and caspase-3.ResultCompared with the blank group， in the model group， HE staining showed disturbed arrangement of cardiomyocytes， incomplete fibers， focal necrosis of cardiomyocytes， and inflammatory cell infiltration； serum CK-MB， IL-6， and TNF-α levels were significantly increased （P<0.05）； apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes was significantly increased （P<0.01）， with significantly increased expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins， and significantly decreased Bcl-2 expression （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the low-， medium-， and high-dose groups of modified Shenhong Tongluo prescription significantly reduced CK-MB， IL-6， and TNF-α levels （P<0.05）， significantly downregulated cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate （P<0.05）， significantly decreased Bax and Caspase-3 proteins， and significantly increased Bcl-2 expression levels （P<0.01）. In the modified Shenhong Tongluo prescription groups， the expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins significantly decreased with increasing dosage， while the expression level of Bcl-2 significantly increased with increasing dosage of modified Shenhong Tongluo prescription （P<0.05）.ConclusionShenhong Tongluo prescription can alleviate myocardial tissue pathological damage and reduce myocardial cell apoptosis， possibly by inhibiting Caspase-3 and Bax expression and promoting Bcl-2 expression.  
        关键词：Shenhong Tongluo prescription;myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury;apoptosis;B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）;Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）;cysteine aspartic acid specific protease（Caspase）-3   
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      • “科技新闻播报：针对膝骨关节炎（KOA）的治疗机制，一项研究取得了重要进展。该研究通过深入观察膝痹宁Ⅱ及脂肪干细胞外泌体（ADSC-Exos）单独及联合应用对软骨退变及线粒体自噬的影响，揭示了它们改善KOA的潜在机制。专家团队精心设计了实验方案，将40只SD大鼠分为五组，通过前交叉韧带切断术（ACLT）建立KOA模型，并评估了大鼠的痛敏状态和膝关节及软骨组织的退变程度。同时，利用多种先进技术，如免疫荧光、酶联免疫吸附测定法和蛋白免疫印迹法，深入探讨了相关生物标志物的变化情况。研究结果显示，膝痹宁Ⅱ和ADSC-Exos均能有效提升软骨细胞线粒体自噬水平，从而延缓软骨组织退变。二者联合使用时，效果更为显著。这一发现为KOA的治疗提供了新的策略，有望为众多患者带来福音。该研究的成功实施，不仅为KOA的治疗领域带来了新的突破，也为其他相关疾病的研究提供了有益的借鉴。未来，随着这一机制的深入研究，我们有望见证更多创新治疗方法的诞生。”
        KANG Junfeng,JIE Lishi,FU Houyu,LIAO Taiyang,SHI Lei,SU Zishan,YU Likai,WEI Yibao,LIU Deren,TIAN Di,MAO Jun,WANG Peimin
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 111-119(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20232241
        摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Xibining （XBN） and adipose stem cell exosome （ADSC-Exos） in the cases of separate or joint application on cartilage degeneration and mitochondrial autophagy and explore its mechanism of action to improve knee osteoarthritis （KOA）.MethodSD rats were divided into a sham operation group （sham group）， a model group， an ADSC-Exos group （Exos group）， an XBN group， and an ADSC-Exos+XBN group （Exos+XBN group）. KOA model was established by using anterior cruciate ligament transection （ACLT）. The pain sensitivity status of rats was evaluated， and the degeneration degree of the knee joint and cartilage tissue was detected by Micro-CT and pathological staining. The expression of p62 and LC3B was observed by immunofluorescence， and the serum levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6， and IL-15 in rats were detected by ELISA. The Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of MMP-3， MMP-13， ADAMTS5， ColⅡ， TIMP， ACAN， PINK1， Parkin， p62， and LC3A/B.ResultCompared with the sham group， rats in the model group showed decreased cold-stimulated foot-shrinkage thresholds and mechanical pain sensitivity thresholds， varying degrees of abrasion and loss of cartilage tissue， degeneration of cartilage tissue， elevated serum IL-1β， IL-6， IL-15， and TNF-α levels （P<0.01）， and increased protein expression of MMP-3， MMP-13， and ADAMTS5 in cartilage tissue. In addition， the protein expression of ColⅡ， TIMP1， and ACAN was decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， rats in each treatment group showed higher cold-stimulated foot-shrinkage thresholds and mechanical pain sensitivity thresholds， reduced cartilage tissue degeneration， lower serum levels of IL-1β， IL-6， IL-15， and TNF-α （P<0.05，P<0.01）， decreased protein expression of MMP-3， MMP-13， and ADAMTS5， and higher protein expression of Cold， TIMP1， and ACAN in cartilage tissue （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Moreover， the changes were the most obvious in the Exos+XBN group.ConclusionBoth ADSCs-Exos and XBN can increase the level of mitochondrial autophagy in chondrocytes and delay cartilage tissue degeneration by promoting the expression of the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway， and the combination of the two can enhance the therapeutic effect.  
        关键词：adipose stem cell exosomes;Xibining Ⅱ;mitochondrial autophagy;cartilage degeneration;knee osteoarthritis   
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      • “有关天王补心丹加减（MTBD）对睡眠剥夺（SD）小鼠皮肤作用的研究取得了新进展。研究通过观察SD小鼠皮肤的变化，深入探讨了MTBD改善皮肤老化的作用机制。实验中，研究人员将小鼠分为不同组别，模拟SD状态并施加不同剂量的MTBD治疗。结果显示，SD导致小鼠出现体重减轻、精神萎靡、毛色晦暗等衰老迹象，同时皮肤组织也发生了一系列病理变化，包括皮肤变薄、胶原纤维减少等。而MTBD治疗则能有效改善这些症状，提高皮肤含水率、羟脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性，降低丙二醛含量和炎症因子水平。更重要的是，研究还发现MTBD的作用机制与激活PI3K/Akt/Nrf2信号通路相关。这一发现为MTBD改善皮肤老化的作用提供了新的解释，也为今后的研究提供了新的方向。总之，该研究为深入理解睡眠剥夺对皮肤的影响以及寻找有效的改善方法提供了重要依据，也为中药在皮肤保健领域的应用提供了新的思路。”
        CHEN Juanping,PENG Yuan,HONG Xuemin,YANG Li,XU Bo,ZHANG Chong,GUO Xuelin
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 120-128(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240505
        摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of modified Tianwang Buxindan （MTBD） on the skin of sleep-deprived （SD） mice and investigate its mechanism.MethodSixty 2-month-old female Kunming mice were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a vitamin C （VC， 0.08 g·kg-1）， and MTBD low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （6.5， 12.5， 25 g·kg-1）. Except for the blank group， the other groups were subjected to SD mouse model induction （using multiple platform water environment method for 18 hours of sleep deprivation daily from 15：00 to next day 9：00）， continuously for 14 days， and caffeine （CAF， 7.5 mg·kg-1） was injected intraperitoneally from the 2nd week onwards， continuously for 7 days. While modeling， the blank group and the model group were administered with normal saline （0.01 mL·g-1）， and the other groups received corresponding drugs for treatment. On the day of the experiment， general observations were recorded （such as body weight， spirit， fur， and skin）. After sampling， skin tissue pathological changes were observed under an optical microscope using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson staining methods. Skin thickness and skin moisture content were measured. Biochemical assay kits were used to detect skin hydroxyproline （HYP） content， skin and serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity， and malondialdehyde （MDA） content. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum interleukin （IL）-6， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， and IL-1β levels in mice. Western blot was used to detect skin tissue type Ⅰ collagen （ColⅠ）， type Ⅲ collagen （ColⅢ）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， phosphorylated （p）-PI3K， protein kinase B （Akt）， p-Akt， nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， heme oxygenase （HO）-1， and nuclear factor （NF）-κB protein expression.ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed varying degrees of changes. In general， signs of aging such as reduced body weight （P<0.01）， listlessness， dull fur color， and formation of wrinkles on the skin appeared. Tissue specimen testing revealed skin thinning， flattening of the dermoepidermal junction （DEJ）， and reduced collagen fibers under the optical microscope. Skin thickness and moisture content decreased， skin tissue HYP content significantly decreased （P<0.01）， skin and serum SOD activity significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and MDA content significantly increased （P<0.01）. Serum IL-6， TNF-α， and IL-1β levels significantly increased （P<0.01）. Skin ColⅠ， ColⅢ， p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， Nrf2， and HO-1 protein expression significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and NF-κB expression increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the VC group and the MTBD low-dose group showed increased skin moisture content， HYP content， SOD activity， and ColⅠ， ColⅢ， p-PI3K/PI3K protein expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased serum MDA content （P<0.05）. In addition， a decrease in serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels was detected in the MTBD low-dose group （P<0.05）， while the above indicators in the MTBD medium- and high-dose groups improved （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionSleep deprivation accelerates the aging process of the skin in SD model mice. MTBD can improve this phenomenon， exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects， and its mechanism of action may be related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway.  
        关键词：sleep deprivation;skin aging;modified Tianwang Buxin pellets （MTBD）;phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 （PI3K/Akt/Nrf2） signaling pathway   
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      • “在中医药临床研究领域，一项重要成果——《中医随机对照试验临床证据元数据》标准草案正式建立。该研究旨在规范中医系统评价数据的采集、存储、传输、交换、分析和评价等环节，推动中医临床证据的高效利用和快速科学决策。该研究历经预研、标准起草和征求意见三个阶段，最终形成了包含12个部分的元数据标准草案。其中，“元数据摘要表示/字典描述”部分尤为关键，涵盖了6个元数据子集，总计20个元数据实体、141个元数据元素。这一详尽的元数据体系为中医药临床研究的规范化、科学化评价提供了坚实支撑。此标准草案不仅对传统系统评价和Meta分析具有指导意义，更将有力推动自动系统评价技术的发展。通过广泛征求课题组以外相关组织机构及专家学者的意见，该草案不断完善，确保了其普适性和实用性。综上所述，本研究建立的《中医随机对照试验临床证据元数据》标准草案，对于规范中医药临床研究、促进中医药临床疗效的客观科学评价和有效利用具有重要推动作用，为中医药事业的持续发展奠定了坚实基础。”
        MA Lin,DENG Hongyong
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 129-138(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20241495
        摘要：ObjectiveTo draft the Metadata of Evidence from Traditional Chinese Medicine Randomized Controlled Trials for standardizing thedata collection， storage， transmission， exchange， analysis， and evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） studies. In addition to the application of conventional systematic review and meta-analysis， this draft will provide strong support for the development of automated systematic review， facilitate the efficient utilization of TCM clinical evidence， and underpin the evidence-based rapid decision-making in TCM.MethodThis study was structured into three stages. During the first stage （pre-research）， suggestions for formulating new standards were proposed based on comprehensive research and demonstration of views obtained from literature investigation and expert interviews. The second stage concentrated on drafting the standard by assembling a working group and crafting a draft solicitation document for metadata standards. At the third stage， feedback was sought from relevant institutions， organizations， and experts and scholars outside the research group via mail or other means to finalize the draft standard.ResultDuring the pre-research stage， a preliminary examination was conducted to assess the characteristics and current status of clinical research metadata standards， and the information was identified regarding the significance of formulating the standard， principles guiding metadata formulation， reference materials， and suggestions for metadata subset establishment. After establishing a working group and drafting the initial version of the standard， opinions from external experts were sought via email. Based on the comments， a third round of revisions was conducted， resulting in the finalization of a draft for the standard. The finalized version of the standard draft comprised 12 sections： preface， introduction， scope， normative reference documents， terms and abbreviations， principles and composition， metadata description method， metadata summary representation， metadata dictionary description， Extensible Markup Language （XML） markup example， JavaScript Object Notation （JSON） markup example， and references. Of these， the section of metadata summary representation/metadata dictionary description contained 6 metadata subsets， involving 20 metadata entities and 141 metadata elements.ConclusionThrough literature research， expert interviews， questionnaire surveys， standard drafting， and opinion solicitation， this study drafts the Metadata of Evidence from Traditional Chinese Medicine Randomized Controlled Trials. This draft plays a crucial role in standardizing TCM clinical research and advancing objective scientific evaluation and effective utilization of TCM.  
        关键词：clinical evidence of traditional Chinese medicine;randomized controlled trial;metadata standard;formulation of a standard   
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      • “一项关于痛泻宁颗粒治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征（IBS-D）肝气犯脾证的论文摘要发布。该摘要系统地梳理了痛泻宁颗粒的现有临床证据，并从“6+1”维度进行了综合价值评估。评估结果显示，痛泻宁颗粒在治疗IBS-D方面表现出良好的安全性、有效性和经济性，同时具有创新性和适宜性，且价格适中，可及性高。此外，该药物源于经典名方，具有突出的中医药特色。综合评估分数为0.83分，表明痛泻宁颗粒治疗IBS-D肝气犯脾证的临床价值证据充足。这一研究为临床决策和药事管理提供了重要参考，未来建议进一步开展网状Meta分析，以提高痛泻宁颗粒的循证证据质量，充分发挥其临床价值优势。”
        LU Zhenkai,XIE Yanming
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 139-149(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20241492
        摘要：ObjectiveTo systematically review the existing evidence of Tongxiening（TXN） Granules in the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） with liver Qi invading spleen syndrome，and evaluate the clinical comprehensive value from the 6+1 dimension，providing references for national medical decision-making，drug clinical application promotion，pharmaceutical services，etc.MethodFollowing the relevant standards of the "Guidelines for the Management of Clinical Evidence and Value Evaluation of Drugs"， a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches based on evidence-based medicine，questionnaire surveys，pharmacoeconomic evaluation，etc.，was employed. Multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） model was employed to comprehensively evaluate the clinical evidence and value of TXN Granules in the treatment of IBS-D with liver Qi invading spleen syndrome from the "6+1" dimensions of effectiveness，safety，economy，innovation，suitability，accessibility， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） characteristicsResult① Safety： Based on the evaluation of known risks and adequacy of safety evidence， TXN granules were considered to have controllable risks with sufficient safety evidence. ② Effectiveness： Meta-analysis showed that TXN granules combined with probiotics could reduce the intestinal symptom score level of IBS-D patients ［mean difference （MD）=-2.29， 95% confidence interval （CI） （-3.20， -1.38）， P<0.01］， and TXN granules combined with conventional treatments （such as Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules，pinaverium bromide tablets，or trimebutine maleate tablets）effectively improved the comprehensive improvement rate of IBS-D patients ［relative risk （RR）=1.19， 95%CI （1.14，1.25）， P<0.01］. TXN granules significantly improved abdominal pain ［RR=1.99， 95%CI （1.62，2.44）， P < 0.01］ and diarrhea efficacy rate ［RR = 1.56， 95% CI （1.07，2.25）， P<0.05］ in IBS-D patients. TXN granules were comparable to pinaverium bromide tablets in reducing HAMA score ［MD = 0.29， 95% CI （-0.30， 0.88）， P=0.34］， HAMD score ［MD=0.35， 95%CI （-0.31，1.00），P=0.30］， and improving IBS-QOL score ［MD = 0.28， 95%CI （-1.70，2.26）， P=0.78］. Based on the quality of evidence and evidence value assessment of effectiveness， it was considered that there was sufficient evidence of effectiveness for this product. ③ Economy： TXN granules are a national medical insurance category B product. After 5 years of simulation with three kinds of Markov models， it was considered that TXN granules were the advantageous treatment option with stable results and good economy. ④ Innovation： TXN granules adhered to original innovation， conducting research and development from clinical application， product components， and production processes. They have obtained national TCM new drug certificates， first prizes from the China Association of Chinese Medicine for Science and Technology， and excellent awards for Chinese patents， providing sufficient innovative evidence in clinical， corporate， and industrial aspects. ⑤ Suitability： The information service of this drug is comprehensive. The questionnaire survey results showed that this drug was suitable for clinical doctors， nurses， pharmacists， and patients in terms of individual compliance， system， and management across multiple dimensions. The overall assessment showed sufficient evidence of suitability for this product. ⑥ Accessibility： The daily cost of TXN granules accounts for 2.43% of the median disposable daily income of urban residents and 9.26% of rural residents， which is moderate and reasonable compared to similar drugs. There is sufficient evidence of affordability， and it is sold nationwide covering all 31 provinces， municipalities， and autonomous regions， with full accessibility evidence and clear results. TCM characteristics： TXN granules originate from the prescription for treating diarrhea in Danxi's Experiential Therapy. They are derived from classical formulas and have undergone multiple clinical trials involving 5 000 cases since their launch， accumulating a certain amount of human use experience. Based on the principles of evaluating TCM characteristics， TXN granules highlight TCM characteristics. The comprehensive value measured using CSC V2.0 software is 0.83 points based on the results of “6+1” dimensions.ConclusionBased on the evaluation results of TXN granules in various dimensions and the comprehensive evaluation score， it is considered that there is sufficient clinical value evidence for TXN granules in treating IBS-D with liver Qi invading spleen syndrome， which can provide references for clinical decision-making and pharmaceutical management. It is suggested for future research to conduct network Meta-analysis， conduct horizontal comparisons of similar TCM treatments for IBS-D， improve the quality of evidence-based evidence， and fully leverage the clinical value advantages of TXN granules.  
        关键词：Tongxiening granules;diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome;liver Qi invading spleen syndrome;clinical comprehensive evaluation   
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      • “河北省中医院的研究团队针对儿童厌食症脾胃气虚证的治疗方法进行了深入探究。他们采取了一种联合用药的策略，即异功散加味与多酶片及双歧杆菌三联活菌散的组合。通过对比观察，发现这种联合治疗方法在改善患儿的临床症状、恢复食量、增加体质量以及调节胃肠激素水平等方面均表现出显著优势。研究团队共纳入了112名患儿，并随机分为对照组和观察组。经过治疗后，观察组的总有效率高达98.15%，明显高于对照组的85.19%。此外，观察组患儿的食量恢复正常时间更短，体质量增加更多。在中医证候积分、微量元素含量、胃肠激素水平以及血清食欲调节因子水平等方面，观察组也显示出更显著的改善。值得一提的是，两组患儿在治疗期间的不良反应发生率相当，说明这种联合治疗方法在安全性方面也有保障。这一研究成果为儿童厌食症脾胃气虚证的治疗提供了新的有效手段，有望为患儿带来更好的康复效果。”
        WANG Haiyan,LYU Xiaojing,ZHAO Li,ZHOU Yaqian,CUI Jiaqi,CUI Yao
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 150-155(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20241494
        摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of modified Yigongsan combined with multi-enzyme tablets and bifidobacterium triple live powder on infantile anorexia with spleen-stomach Qi deficiency syndrome.MethodA total of 112 infantile patients anorexia with spleen-stomach Qi deficiency syndrome treated at Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to June 2023 were enrolled and divided into a control group and an observation group， with 56 cases in each group， according to a random number table. Children in the control group were treated with multi-enzyme tablets and Bifidobacterium triple live powder， while those in the observation group were treated with modified Yigongsan in addition to the treatment in the control group. During the study， one case dropped out in the control group and two cases dropped out in the observation group. The clinical efficacy of the two groups of children was compared， including changes in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores （main symptoms， secondary symptoms， tongue， and pulse）， time to restore normal food intake， and increase in body weight. Changes in calcium， iron， zinc levels， hemoglobin， and albumin levels before and after treatment， as well as changes in gastrointestinal hormones such as gastrin and motilin， vasoactive intestinal peptide， somatostatin， neuropeptide Y， orexin， and leptin， were observed. The occurrence of adverse reactions in the two groups of children during the study was also recorded.ResultThe total effective rate of children in the control group after treatment was 85.19% （46/54）， while that in the observation group was 98.15% （53/54） （χ2 =5.939， P<0.05）. Compared with the control group， the time for food intake to return to normal in the observation group was shorter， and the increase in body weight was greater （P<0.05）. Compared with the results before treatment， the TCM syndrome scores （main symptoms， secondary symptoms， tongue， and pulse） in both groups of children significantly decreased， while the levels of calcium， iron， zinc， hemoglobin， albumin， gastrin， motilin， neuropeptide Y， and orexin increased， and the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide， somatostatin， and leptin decreased （P< 0.01）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the improvement in the above indicators in the observation group was more significant （P<0.01）. The incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups of children during the treatment period was similar， and the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionModified Yigongsan combined with multi-enzyme tablets and Bifidobacterium triple live powder is highly effective in treating infantile anorexia （spleen-stomach Qi deficiency syndrome）. After treatment， symptoms of the children were improved，appetite and food intake increased， gastrointestinal function was improved， body weight increased， and adverse reactions were few， indicating that the treatment was safe and reliable.  
        关键词：infantile anorexia;modified Yigongsan;Multi-enzyme tablets;Bifidobacterium triple live powder;spleen-stomach Qi deficiency syndrome;curative effect;gastrointestinal hormone;adverse reaction   
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      • “科技新闻播报：科研团队在结直肠腺瘤（CRA）领域取得了重要突破。该团队通过生物信息学方法，成功筛选出了CRA的关键微小RNA（miRNAs），并深入探讨了泄浊解毒方预防CRA的作用机制。研究团队首先利用基因表达谱数据库（GEO）获取了CRA患者肠黏膜组织的miRNAs数据集，通过一系列分析筛选出差异表达的miRNAs。其中，miR-34a-5p被选定为研究对象。进一步的研究发现，miR-34a-5p与PI3K/Akt信号通路、细胞周期、结直肠癌等途径密切相关。为了验证这一发现，研究团队进行了动物实验。他们采用葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）饮用联合氧化偶氮甲烷（AOM）腹腔注射方法诱导CRA小鼠模型，并给予泄浊解毒方进行干预。实验结果显示，泄浊解毒方可显著上调CRA小鼠结直肠组织中miR-34a-5p mRNA的水平，并抑制肠上皮细胞的异常增殖，促进细胞凋亡。这一研究成果为预防CRA提供了新的思路和方法。通过调控miR-34a-5p/PI3K/Akt信号通路，泄浊解毒方有望成为预防CRA的有效药物。未来，研究团队将继续深入探索这一机制，为CRA的治疗和预防提供更多科学依据。”
        JIA Sujie,SUN Chaodi,ZHANG Yifan,LANG Xiaomeng,LIU Jianping,KANG Xin,REN Shijie,LIU Jingyuan
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 156-165(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240613
        摘要：ObjectiveKey microRNAs （miRNAs） of colorectal adenoma （CRA） were identified and analyzed by bioinformatics methods， and differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were screened to construct regulatory relationships. The mechanism of Xiezhuo Jiedu recipe in preventing CRA was speculated and verified by animal experiments.MethodThe miRNAs dataset GSE50194 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO） database of intestinal mucosal tissue of CRA patients， and the differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by GEO2R and Excel. TargetScan， miRTarbase， and miRDB databases were used to predict the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs， and an intersection was obtained. Key DEGs were screened through the STRING database and Cytoscape software， and the TRRUST database was used to predict downstream binding transcription factors （TFs）. The mRNA intersection was enriched by gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） in the Metascape database. DIANA TOOLS were applied to perform KEGG enrichment analysis of key miRNAs， and the key signaling pathways were selected for animal experiments. In animal experiments， the CRA mice model was established by using sodium glycan sulfate （DSS） drinking combined with intraperitoneal injection of azomethane oxide （AOM）， and Xiezhuo Jiedu recipe and aspirin were given by intragastric administration at the same time. The experiment lasted for nine weeks. The pathological changes in intestinal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of miR-34a-5p in adenoma tissue. Protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt）， phosphoryl-PI3K （p-PI3K）， phosphoryl-Akt （p-Akt）， and B cell lymphoma （Bcl）-2 were detected by Western blot. The expression of Cyclin D1 （CCND1） was detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. In situ terminal transferase labeling （TUNEL） was used to detect apoptosis of adenoma tissue cells.ResultThe GEO database screened the GSE50194 dataset， and miR-34a-5p was selected as the research object from CRA and normal tissue. A total of 93 DEGs were selected. Among them， GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were closely related to biological processes such as transcriptional regulatory complex， RNA polymerase Ⅱ transcriptional regulatory complex， enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway， and DNA-binding transcriptional activator activity， cancer pathway， PI3K/Akt pathway， etc. miR-34a-5p is mainly enriched in PI3K/Akt， cell cycle， and colorectal cancer pathways. Five key DEGs were screened out through the Matescape database， among which Bcl-2 and CCND1 were the key DEGs of miR-34a-5p. Further screening of the TFs of key DEGs revealed that E2F transcription factor 1 （E2F1） and tumor protein P53 （TP53） were the main TFs of Bcl-2 and CCND1. Animal experiments showed that Xiezhuo Jiedu recipe could effectively up-regulate mRNA level of miR-34a-5p， down-regulate the expression of PI3K， Akt， Bcl-2， p-PI3K， and p-Akt proteins in the intestinal tissue of CRA mice， down-regulate the positive expression rate of CCND1， and increase the apoptosis rate of intestinal epithelial cells.ConclusionIt is speculated that Xiezhuo Jiedu recipe may inhibit the abnormal proliferation and promote the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in CRA mice by regulating the miR-34a-5p/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， thus playing a role in the prevention of CRA.  
        关键词：bioinformatics;colorectal adenoma;Xiezhuo Jiedu recipe;miRNA-34a-5p/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway   
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      • “一项关于溃疡性结肠炎（UC）治疗的生物信息学研究取得了重要进展。研究人员运用生物信息学方法，成功筛选出与UC密切相关的铁死亡差异基因（FRGs），并验证了传统中药泄浊解毒方在治疗UC中的作用机制与调控细胞铁死亡相关。研究团队首先从GEO数据库中获取UC患者结肠黏膜组织的差异表达基因，与铁死亡基因进行交集分析，筛选出21个FRGs。经过聚类分析、LASSO回归和ROC曲线分析，确定了FBXW7、ZFP36、SLC7A11、TLR4为核心FRGs。动物实验进一步证实，这些核心FRGs与UC小鼠结肠黏膜中的免疫细胞浸润存在显著相关性。实验结果显示，模型组小鼠结肠黏膜组织结构紊乱，炎性细胞浸润严重。然而，经过泄浊解毒方及美沙拉嗪治疗后，小鼠结肠黏膜组织的炎症反应得到了不同程度的缓解。值得一提的是，泄浊解毒方高剂量组小鼠的结肠黏膜几乎无炎症改变。此外，与正常组相比，模型组小鼠结肠黏膜中FBXW7、ZFP36、SLC7A11、TLR4蛋白和mRNA的表达量显著升高。但经过泄浊解毒方及美沙拉嗪治疗后，这些核心FRGs的表达均显著下调。这一研究成果为UC的治疗提供了新的视角和解决方案，也为传统中药泄浊解毒方的临床应用提供了科学依据。未来，研究团队将继续深入探索这一作用机制的细节，以期为UC患者带来更有效的治疗方法。”
        SUN Chaodi,LIU Jianping,DU Mingmin,KANG Xin,CUI Jiancong,ZHAO Yuan,JIA Sujie,LANG Xiaomeng
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 166-173(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240218
        摘要：ObjectiveThe bioinformatics method was used to screen ferroptosis differential genes （FRGs） closely related to ulcerative colitis （UC）， and animal experiments were conducted to verify whether the mechanism of Xiezhuo Jiedu recipe in treating UC is related to the regulation of ferroptosis.MethodThe differentially expressed genes （DEGs） of colonic mucosa tissue of UC patients were obtained from the GEO database， and the intersection of the genes with ferroptosis genes was used to obtain FRGs. The core FRGs were obtained by cluster analysis， minimum absolute contraction and selection operator （LASSO） regression， and receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC） curve analysis. In animal experiments， the UC mouse model was prepared by making the mouse freely drink 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate （DSS）. Xiezhuo Jiedu recipe and mesalazine were given by gavage for seven days， and the inflammatory infiltration of colonic mucosa was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of E3 ubiquitin ligase （FBXW7）， zinc finger protein （ZFP36）， solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）， and Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） in colon tissue. The protein expression levels of FBXW7， ZFP36， SLC7A11， and TLR4 in colon tissue were detected by Western blot.ResultDataset GSE87466 was screened from the GEO database， and its intersections with the ferroptosis gene were analyzed to obtain 21 FRGs. After cluster analysis， LASSO regression， and ROC analysis， core FRGs （FBXW7， ZFP36， SLC7A11， and TLR4） were obtained. Immunoinfiltration analysis showed significant differences in the expression of initial B cells， M1 macrophages， plasma cells， and M2 macrophages in the colonic mucosa tissue of UC mice， and there was a significant correlation between core FRGs and these immune cells. Further animal experiments showed that the colonic mucosa tissue of mice in the model group was disorganized and infiltrated by a large number of inflammatory cells. The inflammation of the colonic mucosa tissue of mice in each group was relieved to varying degrees after treatment with Xiezhuo Jiedu recipe and mesalazine， while the colonic mucosa tissue of mice in the high-dose group of Xiezhuo Jiedu recipe showed almost no inflammatory changes. Compared with the normal group， the protein and mRNA expressions of FBXW7， ZFP36， SLC7A11， and TLR4 in the model group were significantly increased， and the expression of core FRGs in colonic mucosa tissue of mice in all groups was significantly down-regulated after treatment with Xiezhuo Jiedu recipe and mesalazine.ConclusionFBXW7， ZFP36， SLC7A11， and TLR4 are ferroptosis genes closely related to the pathogenesis of UC， and Xiezhuo Jiedu recipe can significantly alleviate colonic mucosa inflammation in mice by down-regulating core ferroptosis genes.  
        关键词：ulcerative colitis;Xiezhuo Jiedu recipe;bioinformatics;ferroptosis   
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      • “一项关于溃疡性结肠炎（UC）治疗机制的研究取得了重要进展。研究团队运用生物信息学方法，对UC活动期与缓解期之间的微小RNA（miRNAs）进行了深入分析。通过筛选差异表达基因（DEGs）并构建调控关系，推测了泄浊解毒方治疗UC的作用机制，并通过动物实验进行了验证。研究团队首先从基因表达数据库（GEO）中获取了UC患者结肠黏膜组织的miRNAs数据集。运用GEO2R、Excel等工具，筛选出了差异表达最显著的miRNAs作为研究对象。随后，运用多个数据库工具，筛选关键DEGs、预测下游转录因子（TF），并进行基因本体（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析。这些分析揭示了UC发生发展的关键信号通路。为了验证推测的作用机制，研究团队进行了动物实验。采用2.5%的葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）自由饮方式制备UC小鼠模型，并给予泄浊解毒方及美沙拉嗪灌胃7天。实验结果显示，泄浊解毒方能有效下调UC小鼠结肠组织中特定miRNA的表达，并调控关键信号通路相关蛋白的表达。这些变化有效提高了抑炎因子水平，减轻了炎症细胞浸润情况。这项研究不仅为UC的治疗提供了新的思路和方法，也为相关领域的研究开辟了新的方向。未来，有望通过进一步优化治疗方案，为UC患者带来更好的治疗效果。”
        SUN Chaodi,ZHAO Mengmeng,LANG Xiaomeng,REN Jie,KANG Xin,CUI Jiancong,JIA Sujie,MA Yujing,LIU Yue,CHUAI Qiang,ZHAI Wenjing,LIU Jianping
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 174-182(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20231711
        摘要：ObjectiveThe differential expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） between the active stage and the remission stage of ulcerative colitis （UC） was analyzed by bioinformatics method， and the regulatory relationship was constructed by screening the differentially expressed genes （DEGs）. The mechanism of Xizhuo Jiedu recipe in the treatment of UC was speculated and verified by animal experiments.MethodThe miRNAs data set of colonic mucosa tissue of UC patients was obtained from the gene expression database （GEO）， and the most differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by GEO2R， Excel， and other tools as research objects. TargetScan， miRTarbase， miRDB， STRING， TRRUST， and Matescape databases were used to screen key DEGs， predict downstream transcription factors （TFs）， gene ontology （GO）， and conduct Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis. The key signaling pathways were selected for animal experiments. In animal experiments， the UC mouse model was prepared by making the mouse freely drink 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate （DSS）. Xiezhu Jiedu recipe and mesalazine were given by gavage for seven days， and the inflammatory infiltration of colonic mucosa was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of miR-155-5p in colon tissue. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of cytokine signal transduction inhibitor （SOCS1）， phosphorylated transcriptional signal transductor and activator 3 （p-STAT3）， phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 （p-JAK2）， and retinoic acid-associated orphan receptor-γt （ROR-γt）. The expression levels of transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， interleukin-17 （IL-17）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）.ResultThe GSE48957 dataset was screened from the GEO database， and miR-155-5p was selected as the research object from the samples in the active and remission stages. 131 DEGs were screened. The GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was closely related to biological processes such as positive regulation of miRNA transcription and protein phosphorylation， as well as signaling pathways such as stem cell signaling pathway， IL-17 signaling pathway， and helper T cell 17 （Th17） cell differentiation. The Matescape database was used to screen out 10 key DEGs， among which SOCS1 was one of the key DEGs of miR-155-5p. Further screening of the TFS of key DEGs revealed that STAT3 was one of the main TFs of SOCS1. The results of animal experiments showed that Xiezhu Jiedu Recipe could effectively down-regulate the mRNA expression of miR-155-5p and protein expression of p-STAT3， p-JAK2， and ROR-γt in colon tissue of UC mice and the expression of IL-17 and IL-6 in serum of UC mice， up-regulate the protein expression of SOCS1 and the expression of TGF-β and IL-10， increase the level of anti-inflammatory factors， and reduce inflammatory cell infiltration.ConclusionIt is speculated that Xizhuo Jiedu recipe may interfere with SOCS1 by regulating the expression of miR-155-5p in UC mice， inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3， inhibit the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells， reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory factors （IL-17 and IL-6）， and increase the levels of anti-inflammatory factors （TGF-β and IL-10）. As a result， the inflammation of colon mucosa in UC mice was alleviated.  
        关键词：bioinformatics;ulcerative colitis;Xiezhu Jiedu recipe;miRNA-155-Janus kinase 2 （p-JAK2）/signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway   
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      • “针对浙贝母切片角度的自动识别问题，研究团队提出了一种基于改进YOLOv7-tiny算法的解决方案。该研究通过数据增广构建了丰富的浙贝母图像数据集，并对原算法进行了多方面的优化。实验结果显示，改进后的算法在参数量、计算量、识别精度和速度等方面均有了显著提升。具体来说，参数量减少至原算法的55.4%，计算量减少至59.4%，IoU为0.5时的平均精度均值提升了12.2%，识别角度的平均绝对误差降低了4.58°，单张图片平均识别时间更是达到了8.7ms，远快于人类平均反应时间。这一研究不仅为浙贝母切片的自动化识别提供了新方法，也为其他中药的自动化炮制提供了有益的参考。”
        YUE Xingchen,DU Weifeng,LU Shengli,KAI Guoyin
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 183-191(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240365
        摘要：ObjectiveTo realize the automatic recognition of the slicing angles of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus （FTB） based on the improved YOLOv7-tiny algorithm.MethodFirstly， a diverse dataset of FTB images， totaling 16 000 pictures， with various angles was constructed. Furthermore， improvements were made to YOLOv7-tiny by replacing standard convolutions with ghost convolution （GhostConv）， incorporating the coordinate attention （CA） mechanism as a preferred addition， substituting some activation functions with HardSwish function for decreasing the floating point operations. Additionally， a penalty term for angle recognition error was integrated into the loss function， and modifications were made to the non-maximum suppression （NMS） strategy to address cases where multiple detection results were associated with the same target. In order to verify the effectiveness of different improvement points on the optimization of the algorithm model， ablation experiments were carried out on all the improvement points， and the effectiveness of the improvement points was proved by comparing the prediction results before and after the addition of a certain improvement point on the basis of the original model or the model with the addition of an improvement point that has been verified to be effective， in order to evaluate the improvement of the indexes.ResultThe number of parameters required for the improved slicing angle recognition algorithm of FTB was about 55.4% of the original algorithm， and the amount of computation was about 59.4% of the original algorithm. The mAP@0.5［mean average precision at an intersection over union（IoU） of 0.5］ increased by 12.2%， the mean absolute error（MAE） of the recognized angle was 5.02°， representing a reduction of 4.58° compared to the original algorithm. In the experimental environment of this paper， the average recognition time per image was as low as 8.7 ms， significantly faster than the average human reaction time.ConclusionThis study， by utilizing the improved YOLOv7-tiny algorithm， achieves effective slicing angle recognition of FTB with high accuracy and more lightweight， which provides a novel approach for stable and precise automated slicing of FTB， thereby providing valuable insights into the automation of processing other traditional Chinese medicines.  
        关键词：Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus;processing automation;intelligent manufacturing;slicing process;attention mechanism;deep convolutional networks;object detection;model lightweighting   
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      • “一项关于半夏及其炮制品多糖结构特征与抗氧化活性的研究取得了重要进展。该研究采用糖谱法，结合高效薄层色谱法和荧光辅助凝胶电泳法，深入分析了半夏及其炮制品多糖的糖苷键结构特征，并探讨了其与抗氧化活性之间的关系。研究表明，半夏及其炮制品的多糖含有多种糖苷键，如β-吡喃半乳糖苷键、β-1，4-甘露糖苷键等。这些糖苷键的存在对多糖的抗氧化活性产生了影响。在体外抗氧化实验中，经过特定酶解处理后的多糖，其清除自由基的能力发生了显著变化。这一研究成果不仅有助于进一步阐明半夏及其炮制品相关功效的物质基础，也为中药多糖结构特征分析提供了新的思路与方法。专家表示，这一研究在中药多糖领域具有重要意义，为未来的中药研究和开发提供了新的方向。”
        HU Meibian,GAO Kuixu,WANG Yao,PENG Xi,WANG Jingya,MENG Xianglong,ZHANG Shuosheng,LI Jianghua,LIU Yujie
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 192-201(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240461
        摘要：ObjectiveThe glycosidic linkage structural characteristics of polysaccharides from Pinelliae Rhizoma（PR） and its processed products were analyzed by sugar spectrum， high performance thin layer chromatography（HPTLC）， fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate gel electrophoresis（PACE） based on partial acid hydrolysis and specific glycosidase hydrolysis， and the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides before and after hydrolysis（enzymolysis） were compared.MethodPolysaccharides from PR and its processed products were extracted by ultrasound extraction， starch was hydrolyzed by α-amylase， and small molecules below 3 kDa were removed by ultrafiltration. The purified polysaccharides were prepared by hydrolysis of acid and five different specific glycosidases， and the hydrolysates were analyzed by HPTLC and PACE. The antioxidant capacity of polysaccharides was analyzed by 2，2′-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid）（ABTS） and 2，2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） free radical scavenging experiment before and after different hydrolysis.ResultThrough HPTLC and PACE analysis， it was found that polysaccharides from PR and its processed products could be hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase， β-mannase， cellulase and pectinase， but hardly hydrolyzed by glucanase， indicating that the polysaccharides contained β-galactopyranoside bond， β-1，4-mannoside bond， β-1，4-glucoside bond and α-1，4-galacturonic acid glycosidic bond. In vitro antioxidant experiments showed that the ABTS radical scavenging capacity of the polysaccharides from PR and its processed products was weakened after acid hydrolysis and pectinase enzymatic hydrolysis， while the ABTS radical scavenging capacity was enhanced after enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase， β-galactosidase， and β-mannase. And after different hydrolysis， the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of polysaccharides from PR and its processed products was all significantly enhanced.ConclusionThe glycosidic linkage structural characteristics of polysaccharides from PR and its processed products was analyzed by sugar spectrum in this paper， and the relationship between glycosidic bond types and their antioxidant activity was clarified through in vitro antioxidant experiments， which is beneficial for further elucidating the material basis of the related efficacy of PR and its processed products， and providing new ideas and methods for analyzing the structural characteristics of polysaccharides in Chinese medicines.  
        关键词：Pinelliae Rhizoma;processed products;polysaccharides;glycosidases;saccharide mapping;antioxidant;high performance thin layer chromatography（HPTLC）;fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate gel electrophoresis（PACE）   
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      • “一项关于去氢骆驼蓬碱在大鼠体内代谢过程的研究取得了重要进展。通过采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS），研究团队成功鉴定了去氢骆驼蓬碱在大鼠体内的代谢产物，并深入探讨了其在体内的分布差异及代谢途径。研究团队给SD大鼠单剂量灌胃去氢骆驼蓬碱后，收集了血浆、胆汁、尿液和粪便样品，并运用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS进行了详细分析。通过比对文献数据，他们共鉴定出42个代谢产物，其中血浆中26个，胆汁中17个，尿液中26个，粪便中13个。这些代谢产物涉及单羟基化、双羟基化、去甲基化、葡萄糖醛酸化及硫酸化等多种代谢途径。研究结果表明，去氢骆驼蓬碱在大鼠体内经历了Ⅰ相和Ⅱ相代谢反应，且原型药物在体内代谢较快。代谢产物主要通过肾脏排泄，这对于理解去氢骆驼蓬碱的药效学和物质基础研究具有重要意义。此项研究的成果不仅为去氢骆驼蓬碱的药效学和物质基础研究提供了重要参考，同时也为相关领域的深入研究开辟了新方向。”
        CARTIERA Kurban,WANG Changhong,XU Nan,XU Qinwei,TENG Liang,GAO Huijing
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 202-209(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240464
        摘要：ObjectiveUltra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was used to identify the metabolites of harmine in rats， in order to explore the differences in distribution of metabolites in rats after single dose（40 mg·kg-1） intragastric administration of harmine， as well to speculate the metabolic pathways.MethodSD rats were given a single dose of harmine by intragastric administration. Plasma， bile， urine and feces samples were collected after administration， and the samples were processed for determination by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC™ HSS T3 columu（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） with acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） as mobile phase for gradient elution（0-2 min， 5%A； 2-9 min， 5%-35%A； 9-9.5 min， 35%-100%A； 9.5-12 min， 100%A； 12-12.5 min， 100%-5%A； 12.5-14 min， 5%A）， the mass spectra were obtained in positive ion mode with electrospray ionization（ESI）， the scanning range was m/z 50-1 200. The metabolites of harmine were identified based on the information of the obtained compounds and the literature data， and the metabolic pathways were hypothesized.ResultA total of 42 compounds（harmine and its metabolites） were identified in rats， including 27 in plasma， 17 in bile， 26 in urine and 13 in feces. The metabolic pathways involved in these 42 metabolites included monohydroxylation， dihydroxylation， demethylation， glucuronidation and sulfation.ConclusionHarmine can undergo phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolic reactions in rats， and the prototype drug is metabolized rapidly in vivo， and the metabolites are mainly excreted by the kidneys， which can provide a reference basis for the pharmacodynamics and material basis of harmine.  
        关键词：harmine;ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）;metabolites;metabolic pathways;plasma;bile;urine   
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      • “经过对古代本草、医籍、方书及近现代文献的系统梳理，科研团队深入探索了芡实的历史变迁和品质评价。芡实，古称“鸡头实”，明代后正式定名为“芡实”，其基原为睡莲科植物芡Euryale ferox。随着人工驯化，芡实品种逐渐分化为北芡和苏芡。古代文献记载，山东、江苏、河南等地为芡实的主要产地，其中苏州所产的苏芡备受推崇。品质评价方面，颗粒饱满、断面白色、粉性足、无碎末的芡实被视为优质。采收时间主要在八月或秋季。炮制方法方面，古代主要有去皮作粉、蒸后舂粉、晒干、炒等，至今已形成净制、炒制两大主流方法。基于这些研究成果，建议经典名方易黄汤中的芡实选用芡E. ferox的成熟种仁，并参考《中华人民共和国药典》中的清炒法进行炮制，这一发现对提升芡实药用品质和临床疗效具有重要指导意义。”
        GAO Zixuan,QU Cheng,YAN Hui,XIA Ling,GUO Sheng,ZHAN Zhilai
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 210-217(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20231265
        摘要：This paper systematically combed and verified the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing of Euryales Semen in famous classical formulas by consulting relevant ancient materia medica， medical books， prescription books and modern literature. The results showed that Euryales Semen was first collected by materia medica under the name of Jitoushi， and since the Ming dynasty， Qianshi has been used as a proper name and continues to this day， with other aliases such as Yanhuishi. Euryale ferox， a plant of the Nymphaeaceae family， is the same as that used in the past dynasties. However， due to long-term artificial domestication， the varieties vary with the origin， including Beiqian and Suqian. The medicinal part of Euryales Semen is mature seed kernel， its origin of ancient records mainly includes Shandong， Jiangsu， Henan and other places， since the Ming and Qing dynasties， Euryales Semen produced in Suzhou has been highly praised. Since modern times， it has gradually summarized and formed the best quality evaluation method of Euryales Semen with full grains， white cross-section， powdery enough and no broken powder. The harvesting time in the past dynasties was mainly August or in autumn. The main processing methods in the past dynasties included peeling for powder， pounding powder after steaming， drying and frying. Up to now， two mainstream processing methods of cleansing and stir-frying have been formed. Based on the research results， it is recommended that the mature seed kernel of E. ferox be used in famous classical formula Yihuangtang. Combined with the processing requirements of the original formula， it is suggested to refer to the stir-frying method in the general principles of processing of the current edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.  
        关键词：famous classical formulas;Euryales Semen;herbal textual research;origin;species;change of geographical origin;evolution of scientific name   
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      • “导赤散，这一源自宋代钱乙《小儿药证直诀》的儿科经典名方，经过历代医家的传承与发扬，如今已广泛应用于中医临床。通过对古籍及现代文献的系统整理，研究者们深入探讨了导赤散的组成、炮制、制法与应用。研究发现，导赤散的药物基原清晰，其中包括地黄、木通、甘草和竹叶四味药材。这一方剂具有清心养阴、利水通淋的功效，对于心经热盛引起的心胸烦热、口渴面赤、口舌生疮、小便赤涩刺痛等症状有显著疗效。现代研究表明，导赤散还可用于治疗口腔溃疡、疱疹性口腔炎、尿路感染、带状疱疹等疾病，为这些疾病的中医治疗提供了新的选择。这些研究成果不仅丰富了中医临床用药的经验，也为导赤散的后期开发研究提供了重要参考依据。”
        LIANG Lyuyuan,WAN Hejia,ZHANG Jinyan,LIU Keke,CAO Jialei,TAN Xianghan,WEI Bingqi,MA Bingxiang,HE Yajing
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 218-227(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240361
        摘要：Daochisan is a pediatric famous classical formula in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） specializing in clearing the heart， disinhibiting water and enriching Yin， which has been inherited and developed by medical experts of successive generations. The formula can be traced back to Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue written by QIAN Yi from Song dynasty， and most of the later-developed Daochisan（Daochitang） is based on this formula with additions and subtractions. So as to promote the literature excavation of this formula， this paper conducts a thorough textual research and analysis of the composition， processing， preparation methods， clinical applications of Daochisan based on a systematic collation of relevant ancient and modern literature in the method of bibliometrics. A total of 127 pieces of data involving 86 antient TCM books were collected. Statistical analysis showed that the drug origin of Daochisan is basically clear， we suggest that Rehmanniae Radix is the root tuber of Rehmannia glutinosa of Scrophulariaceae， Akebiae Caulis is the dry stem of Akebia quinata of Lardizabalaceae， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the dry root and stem of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of legume， bamboo leaf is the dry leaves of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis of gramineous plants. Four herbs are recommended to use its raw products. The key information of the dosage and decocting method is supposed to be "4.13 g each of raw Rehmanniae Radix， raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Akebiae Caulis， adding 300 mL of water， and then adding 4.13 g of bamboo leaf， decocting together to 150 mL， taking warmly after meal". Daochisan has the effect of clearing the heart and enriching Yin， disinhibiting water and relieving stranguria， and is widely used in treating symptoms such as heart vexed hotness， hydrodipsia and reddish complexion. Modern studies have showed that Daochisan are frequently used in treating oral ulcer， herpetic stomatitis， urinary tract infection， herpes zoster and other diseases. The above research results can provide scientific reference for the future development and research of Daochisan.  
        关键词：Daochisan;historic origin;prescription analysis;efficacy;clinical application;pediatric famous classical formula;textual research   
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      • “肺癌的发病率和死亡率持续高居我国癌症榜首，其复杂多变的病情和不佳的预后给患者带来沉重负担。经典疗法如手术切除、放疗和化疗虽然常用，但不良反应也影响了患者的生存质量和治疗效果。研究指出，氧化应激是肺癌的重要致病因素，与多种信号通路紧密相关。中药单体及复方在调控氧化应激水平和干预相关信号通路方面显示出潜力，为肺癌治疗提供了新的思路。本文综述了近年来调控氧化应激干预肺癌的相关信号通路研究，总结了中药在肺癌治疗中的最新进展，为肺癌药物治疗研究和新药研发提供了重要参考。”
        LYU Anqi,SHI Yufeng,JIANG Cheng,KE Jia
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 228-237(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240508
        摘要：Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality rate among all cancers in China， with its complex and variable nature， long treatment duration， and often poor prognosis. Currently， the treatment of lung cancer mainly employs classical therapies such as surgery， radiotherapy， and chemotherapy， but some patients may experience a series of adverse reactions， which affect their quality of life， survival period， and treatment outcomes. As reported， oxidative stress is one of the important pathogenic factors of lung cancer， affecting its occurrence and development. Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between oxidative products and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the body. The intervention of oxidative stress in the occurrence and development of lung cancer is related to multiple signaling pathways， including the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. Currently， researchers in China and abroad have conducted extensive studies on the occurrence and development of lung cancer and the pathophysiological mechanisms of drug intervention. The results have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. Chinese medicine monomers and compounds can regulate oxidative stress levels and intervene in related signaling pathways， thereby inhibiting or delaying the occurrence and development of lung cancer. Based on this， this article mainly summarized the relevant signaling pathways regulating oxidative stress intervention in lung cancer in recent years， and also reviewed the latest research on Chinese medicine monomers and compounds in regulating oxidative stress to treat lung cancer， aiming to provide new ideas for research on drug treatment of lung cancer and clinical drug development， as well as to provide references and guidance for further in-depth mechanistic studies in the future.  
        关键词：oxidative stress;lung cancer;traditional Chinese medicine;signaling pathways   
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      • “特发性少弱精子症在男性不育诊疗中受到越来越多的关注。氧化应激损伤是导致该病症的主要原因之一，它直接影响精子质量和精子发生。研究发现，精子质膜磷脂对活性氧极为敏感，易导致脂质过氧化，进而诱导铁死亡。同时，氧化应激还会干扰精子DNA修复和凋亡途径，抑制睾酮生成，最终影响精子发生。五子衍宗丸作为中医治疗IO的经典名方，其药效物质研究取得了显著进展。通过建立中药特征图谱和探索有效成分作用靶点的药理学研究，发现其主要活性成分为黄酮类和苯丙素类化合物，具有较强的抗氧化活性。研究表明，五子衍宗丸可以抑制IO模型中过高的ROS水平，提高机体抗氧化能力，改善炎症状态，抑制细胞凋亡，并促进睾酮生成，从而缓解氧化应激导致的精子质量下降和精子发生不足。这一研究不仅为IO的治疗提供了新的药物选择，也为中药药效物质研究和生殖内分泌疾病的研究开辟了新的方向。未来，我们可以进一步探索五子衍宗丸的药理作用机制，优化治疗方案，为男性不育患者带来更好的治疗效果。”
        ZHANG Jiacheng,HU Hangqi,JIN Yuxin,ZHAO Qiancheng,LIU Qiuning,XIN Xiyan,YE Yang,LI Dong,ZHU Yutian
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 238-244(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20231496
        摘要：Idiopathic oligoasthenospermia （IO） has been increasingly emphasized in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. Oxidative stress damage directly affects sperm quality and spermatogenesis， constituting a major causative factor of IO. Firstly， due to its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids， the sperm plasma membrane is highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species （ROS）， leading to lipid peroxidation accumulation and even inducing ferroptosis. Secondly， deficient downstream key proteins in the base excision repair pathway render sperm unable to repair extensive DNA oxidative damage under oxidative stress. Simultaneously， under oxidative stress， the apoptotic pathway of sperm is cascade-activated， causing rapid loss of motility. ROS further disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis， inhibiting testosterone production and ultimately affecting spermatogenesis. Wuzi Yanzongwan，in line with traditional Chinese medicine theory of treating IO through "nourishing kidney essence and harmonizing Yin and Yang"， clinically demonstrates its ability to improve sperm morphology， count， and motility， thereby enhancing male fertility. The research on the pharmacological constituents of Wuzi Yanzongwan primarily involves establishing a characteristic spectrum of Chinese medicine to achieve quality control and exploring the pharmacology of effective components. Studies have found that its main active ingredients consist of flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Specifically， compounds such as hyperin， acteoside， kaempferol， and schisandrin A are identified as the primary active substances and quality control components. These compounds exhibit strong antioxidant activity and have been partly applied in research related to reproductive endocrine disorders. Tripterygium glycoside is primarily used for modeling of oxidative stress-induced IO. It leads to the accumulation of various lipid peroxides in testicular tissues and concurrently compromises the body's antioxidant capacity. Mechanistic studies have found that Wuzi Yanzongwan can inhibit elevated ROS levels in IO models and enhance the body's antioxidant capacity， thereby ameliorating inflammation， suppressing cell apoptosis， promoting testosterone production， and ultimately alleviating the decline in sperm quality and spermatogenesis caused by oxidative stress.  
        关键词：Wuzi Yanzongwan;oxidative stress;idiopathie oligoasthenospermia;pharmacological substances;research progress   
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      • “炎症性肠病（IBD）的治疗研究取得了新进展。IBD作为一种常见的消化道慢性炎症性疾病，其治疗周期长、难度大、费用高昂，备受全球关注。近年来，研究发现铁死亡是IBD的重要致病因素之一，这为治疗IBD提供了新的思路。有学者证实，中医药可以抑制铁死亡的发生，并提高肠道黏膜抗氧化、抗炎能力，从而起到治疗IBD的作用。这一发现为IBD的治疗提供了新的选择，同时也为中医药在消化道疾病领域的应用提供了更多可能性。该文通过深入探讨中医药干预铁死亡与IBD治疗的相关性，揭示了铁死亡在IBD中的可能作用机制，为IBD的诊疗提供了重要依据。这一研究成果不仅有助于推动IBD治疗的进步，也为中医药在消化道疾病领域的应用和发展奠定了基础。”
        SHANG Mingrong,ZHAO Yanan,ZHANG Xuyang,CUI Huifang,ZHAO Yijing,LIU Ming,ZHAO Dejie
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 245-254(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20241497
        摘要：Inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）， mainly including ulcerative colitis （UC） and Crohn's disease （CD）， is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract， with its incidence increasing year by year. Due to its long treatment duration， difficulty in treatment， prolonged remission， and high costs， it has attracted global attention. Exploring safe， effective， and sustainable treatment regimens has become an urgent global issue. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex， involving intestinal mucosal injury，disturbances in the internal environment， and inflammatory responses. In recent years， research has found that ferroptosis is also one of the important pathogenic factors of IBD. Ferroptosis， as a new form of non-apoptotic cell death， is characterized by iron dependence， lipid peroxidation， and imbalance in the redox system. Studies have shown that inhibiting ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells can protect the intestinal mucosa. Targeted intervention in ferroptosis may be a new direction for the treatment of IBD. IBD is mainly treated with drugs， including corticosteroids， aminosalicylates， biologics， and immunomodulators， but drug resistance and adverse reactions are common. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages such as low cost， low drug resistance， and fewer side effects， and has accumulated rich experience in the treatment of IBD. Scholars have confirmed that TCM can inhibit ferroptosis， and recent studies have shown that TCM can not only inhibit iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in intestinal cells but also enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities of intestinal mucosa， thus playing a role in the treatment of IBD. Increasing evidence suggests that TCM may treat IBD by interfering with ferroptosis. This article explores the relevance of TCM intervention in ferroptosis and the treatment of IBD， discusses the possible mechanisms of ferroptosis in IBD， and aims to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of IBD.  
        关键词：inflammatory bowel disease;ulcerative colitis;Crohn's disease;ferroptosis;traditional Chinese medicine;research progress   
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      • “天麻钩藤饮，这一源自中医经典的药方，近期在神经系统疾病治疗领域取得了显著的研究成果。该药方以其平肝熄风、清热活血、安神、补益肝肾等多重功效，广泛应用于痴呆、头痛、眩晕病、高血压病、失眠症、帕金森病、卒中、癫痫等神经系统常见疾病的治疗。临床数据显示，天麻钩藤饮加减用药，或与针灸、西药合并应用，能显著提高疗效，同时降低不良反应，保证治疗的安全性。其背后的机制也得到了深入的研究。整方及组方中的单味药物活性成分，如天麻素、钩藤碱等，通过多靶点多途径，发挥抑制铁死亡、抗凋亡、抗氧化、调节神经递质等多重作用，从而有效改善神经系统疾病的症状。这项研究不仅为天麻钩藤饮在神经系统疾病治疗中的临床应用提供了理论依据，也为后续的药物机制研究提供了新的思路。这一传统药方的现代应用，无疑将为众多神经系统疾病患者带来福音。”
        DUAN Jianping,ZHANG Jie,WANG Xu,SONG Xiaoyu,LI Simin,DUAN Pingping
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 255-264(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20231618
        摘要：Neurological diseases are common and frequent in clinical practices， which are the main reasons that affect the quality of life and physical and mental health of patients seriously. Tianma Goutengyin （TGY） is from the New Significance of Patterns and Treatment in Miscellaneous Diseases， which was compiled by a famous doctor， HU Guangci. TGY is widely used in clinical practice and has the effects of calming the liver and calming the wind， clearing heat and activating the blood， tranquilization， and nourishing the liver and kidneys. Clinical studies have confirmed that modified TGY can be used either alone or in combination with acupuncture or western medicine to treat dementia， headache， vertigo， hypertension， insomnia， Parkinson's disease， stroke， epilepsy， and other common neurological diseases， with significant curative effect， few side effects， and high safety. The main active constituents of single flavor drugs in the composition of TGY mainly include gastrodin， gastrodia elata blume polysaccharides， p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol， rhynchophylline， baicalein， leonurine， stachydrine， geniposide， 2，3，5，4，-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-Ο-β-D-glucoside， pinoresinol diglucoside， pachymic acid， β-ecdysteroid， avicularin， etc. It has been found that TGY and these constituents have the effects of ferroptosis inhibition， anti-apoptosis， anti-inflammation， and oxidation resistance， and they can regulate neurotransmitters and autophagy， reduce cerebral edema reduction， lower blood lipid and blood pressure， and improve blood circulation through multiple targets and pathways. This paper reviewed the clinical application of and the mechanism of the whole prescription and single flavor drugs of TGY in the treatment of neurological diseases， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of TGY and offer ideas for the follow-up mechanism research of this prescription.  
        关键词：Tianma Gouteng Yin;neurological diseases;clinical application;pharmacological mechanism;review   
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      • “科技新闻播报：缺血性脑卒中（IS）作为严重的脑血管疾病，其治疗一直是医学界的关注焦点。目前，尽管静脉溶栓是主要的治疗手段，但其存在的出血风险、治疗窗口狭窄等问题限制了其应用。因此，寻求更有效的脑保护策略对IS的预后至关重要。在这方面，研究发现哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）信号通路是改善IS脑损伤的重要通道机制之一。中医在IS的治疗中展现了丰富的干预手段和独特优势，尤其在患者症状改善和生活质量提升方面。诸多研究表明，中药通过调控激活mTOR信号通路，能够干预和调节细胞自噬、抑制神经细胞凋亡、抑制氧化应激和炎症反应，从而有效减轻IS导致的脑损伤。这为中医药治疗IS提供了新的治疗策略和思路，也展现了中医药在神经系统疾病领域的潜力。综上所述，mTOR信号通路在IS发病中扮演重要角色，而中药通过调控该通路为IS的治疗开辟了新的方向。未来，中医药治疗IS的潜力将进一步得到挖掘和应用，为患者带来更大的治疗益处。”
        MA Yugang,WANG Xingchen,WANG Xuebin,LI Yahui
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 265-272(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20232029
        摘要：Ischemic stroke （IS） is a serious cerebrovascular disease common in clinical practice. Targeting the pathogenesis of IS， intravenous thrombolysis for restoring blood flow is still the most effective therapy. However， intravenous thrombolysis has shortcomings such as increased bleeding risk， narrow therapeutic window， and contraindications， which limited its clinical application. Protection of the ischemic brain tissue before full recovery of blood flow is associated with the prognosis of IS. Studies have identified multiple pathways in the alleviation of the brain injury caused by IS， such as the mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has abundant therapies and unique advantages in the treatment of IS， especially in alleviating symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients. After the onset of IS， TCM can be integrated with Western medicine to play a role in the whole process of treatment， rehabilitation， and recurrence prevention as soon as possible， thus maximizing patient benefits. TCM has clinical significance for the recovery of neurological and motor functions after IS. Studies have shown that TCM can reduce the cerebral injury caused by IS by regulating and activating the mTOR signaling pathway， thereby regulating autophagy， inhibiting apoptosis of nerve cells， and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. TCM exerts a positive effect for achieving cerebral protection and improving the prognosis of IS and provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of IS. This article introduces the role of the mTOR signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of IS and reviews the research progress in the TCM regulation of this pathway in the treatment of IS， aiming to provide new therapeutic ideas and systematic scientific reference for the treatment of IS with TCM.  
        关键词：ischemic stroke;mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）;signaling pathway;autophagy;Chinese medicine;research progress   
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      • “有关金银花和山银花抗炎活性成分的研究取得重要进展。炎症是多种疾病的关键驱动因素，寻找抗炎药物至关重要。金银花和山银花作为传统清热解毒中药，具有显著的药用价值。该研究对金银花和山银花的抗炎活性成分进行了差异分析，并综述了其作用机制。通过影响细胞炎症因子释放、调节NF-κB、MAPK、STAT3等炎症信号通路，以及增强抗氧化应激能力、免疫防御能力和改善肠道微生态等途径，金银花和山银花发挥抗炎作用。这一研究为二者在医药领域的临床应用提供了理论基础，展现了其巨大的开发潜力。”
        WEI Jingyue,LUO Shiwen,FENG Lingran,LIN Wanjun,WU Keqing,LIAO Xuhui,TUO Qinhui,YANG Dongmei
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 273-281(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240507
        摘要：Inflammation is involved in the development of various acute and chronic diseases in the body. Sustained inflammatory responses are key driving factors for diseases such as cancer， neurodegenerative diseases， cardiovascular diseases， metabolic syndrome， inflammatory bowel disease， and arthritis. Therefore， finding anti-inflammatory drugs is crucial for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In recent years， there has been increasing attention to finding natural drugs with minimal toxic side effects. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos， as traditional Chinese medicines potent in clearing heat and removing toxins， have strong biological activity and multiple pharmacological effects. They are widely distributed in the plant world and have significant medicinal value. With the continuous advancement of the research on Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos， they have been widely used in the medical field and possess great development potential. Currently， research mainly focuses on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos， while systematic summaries of their anti-inflammatory active ingredients are rare. Therefore， this paper focuses on the differential analysis of the anti-inflammatory active components of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. In addition， it reviewed the possible mechanisms by which extracts and active ingredients of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos may exert anti-inflammatory effects through various pathways， such as influencing the release of cellular inflammatory factors， regulating inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）/c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/NF-κB， and Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） signaling pathways， increasing antioxidant stress capacity， enhancing immune defense capabilities， and improving intestinal microbiota， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the rational clinical application of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos.  
        关键词：Lonicerae Japonicae Flos;Lonicerae Flos;active ingredient;anti-inflammatory effect;mechanism   
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      • “骨关节炎（OA）发病率逐年攀升，其治疗长期以来以镇痛类和非甾体抗炎药为主，但长期使用这些药物可能导致胃肠损伤和病情反复。有研究发现中药在防治OA方面具有独特优势，如不良反应少、治疗范围广等。中药有效成分通过调控多种信号通路和炎症因子表达，减轻氧化应激损伤，保护软骨细胞与骨组织，有效缓解OA疾病发展进程。这为OA治疗提供了新的方向和思路。然而，当前OA医学研究仍存在一定局限，需要继续发展中医药事业。本文综述了中药有效成分调控氧化应激反应以防治OA的相关文献报道，为后续研究提供了重要参考。”
        ZHANG Shuang,BI Yingyan,LIU Xiaoting,GONG Yusuo,LIU Xuerui,YUAN Baohua,LU Chenglong,CHEN Xufan,WANG Ying,GUANG Jiaru
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 282-289(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20232436
        摘要：Osteoarthritis （OA） is a common degenerative joint disease with a rising incidence rate year by year. Treatment often relies on analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs）， which can lead to gastrointestinal damage with long-term use and the recurrence of symptoms. Chinese medicine has a long history of preventing and treating OA， with widespread application and fewer side effects. It offers unique advantages such as a broad treatment scope， multiple targets， and pathways. The effective components of Chinese medicine can reduce the content of reactive oxygen species （ROS）， relieve oxidative stress （OS） damage， and increase the antioxidant capacity of the body by interfering with the expression of biomarkers of OS response such as malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）. Through the modulation of signaling pathways such as nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）， c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）， NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， and osteoprotegerin （OPG）， they downregulated the expression of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， thereby effectively relieving local joint inflammation， protecting chondrocytes and bone tissue， inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis， and further alleviating the progression of OA. Currently， there are still certain limitations in the medical research status and development trends of OA， necessitating the continued advancement of traditional Chinese medicine. This paper reviewed the literature on the regulation of OS response by effective components of Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of OA， providing new directions and ideas for future research.  
        关键词：active ingredients of Chinese medicine;oxidative stress;anti-oxidation;osteoarthritis   
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      • “沙棘，这一药食同源的中药，因其止咳化痰、健胃消食、活血散瘀等功效备受关注。近期研究揭示，沙棘除了含有黄酮、酚类、蛋白质、维生素和氨基酸等成分外，还富含多糖类成分。这些多糖不仅具有抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗氧化、免疫调节等多重功能，还能改善肠道菌群、抗炎、抗高脂血症等。在提取工艺上，研究者探索了热水、微波、超声波、酶法等多种方法，综合分析显示热水提取更适合产业化应用。然而，尽管已经从沙棘多糖中分离纯化出多种均一多糖，但它们在药效、结构和构效关系上的深入探索仍是研究的新方向。这项研究不仅为沙棘多糖的开发利用提供了科学依据，也为中药多糖的研究开辟了新的领域。随着研究的深入，沙棘多糖的药用价值和应用前景将更加广阔。”
        ZHAO Feiya,ZHANG Lingsheng,TAO Aien
        Vol. 30, Issue 11, Pages: 290-298(2024) DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230912
        摘要：Hippophae rhamnoides is a traditional Chinese medicine with homology of medicine and food， which has the effects of relieving cough and resolving phlegm， strengthening the stomach and digestion， and promoting blood circulation and resolving blood stasis. H. rhamnoides contains not only flavonoids， phenols， proteins， vitamins， and amino acids but also abundant polysaccharides. In order to explore the functional value and current research status of H. rhamnoides polysaccharides， this study systematically summarized the extraction process， structural characteristics， pharmacological effects， and mechanism of action of H. rhamnoides polysaccharides by reviewing Chinese and foreign literature. The results showed that H. rhamnoides polysaccharides have anti-tumor， hypoglycemic， antioxidant， immune regulation， anti-inflammatory， and anti-hyperlipidemia functions and could improve intestinal microbiota. There were various extraction processes for polysaccharides， including hot water extraction， microwave extraction， ultrasonic extraction， enzymatic extraction， flash extraction， ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction， emerald hot water extraction， enzymatic-ultrasonic synergistic extraction， etc. Based on comprehensive analysis， hot water extraction is suitable for industrial development and application. However， multiple homogeneous polysaccharides have been isolated and purified from H. rhamnoides polysaccharides， but their efficacy， structure， and structure-activity relationship still need to be further explored and studied. This study can provide a reference for the research and development of H. rhamnoides polysaccharides.  
        关键词：Hippophae rhamnoides polysaccharides;extraction process;chemical structure;anti-tumor;hypoglycemic;antioxidant;immune regulation;improvement of intestinal microbiota;anti-inflammatory   
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