最新刊期
卷 30 ， 期 7 ， 2024
- 摘要：In order to provide a reference basis for the development of relevant compound preparations， this article takes a comprehensive analysis of the usage and dosage of famous classical formulas in Han dynasty from various perspectives， and gives corresponding countermeasures on this basis. Through the comprehensive analysis of the classification and statistics of Zhongjing's medication characteristics， decoction methods， administration and dosage， and combining conversion methods of weights and measures by ancient medical practitioners， along with the dosage and administration of the listed Han dynasty famous classical formulas， it was found that the "Jiangxi method" served as a general guideline for administration according to Zhongjing's original text. This method allowed for flexible dosing based on the conversion of the ancient measurements to modern equivalents［13.8 g per Liang（两）］， ensuring the safe and effective medication of these formulas. After combing， it is found that although the dosage of single medicine is large in famous classical formulas from Han dynasty， the administration is flexible. The crude drug amount per administration serves as the foundational dose， with the frequency of administration adjusted flexibly according to the condition. This dosing approach becomes the key for the rational development of compound formulations of famous classical formulas. Based on the conclusions of the study， it is recommended that when developing compound formulations of famous classical formulas in Han dynasty， the original administration method and dosage should be respected. The original crude drug amount per administration should be considered as the daily foundational dose， with the frequency of administration described within a range（1 to N times per day， where N is the maximum number of administrations as per the original text）. The specific frequency of administration can be adjusted flexibly by clinical practitioners based on the individual condition. This approach should also be adopted in toxicological studies， where the dosage per administration serves as the basis for toxicity research， and the toxicity profile at the maximum administration frequency should be observed， providing guidance on the clinical safety range. Corresponding drug labels should provide information within a range to indicate toxicological risk intervals.关键词：famous classical formulas;Han dynasty formulas;usage;dosage;development of Chinese medicine compound preparations;crude drug amount per administration;foundational dosage
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：Through consulting the ancient herbal books and modern literature， this paper has carried out the textual research on the name， origin， place of origin， harvesting and processing， and other contents of Bruceae Fructus， combed its ancient and modern medicinal history， so as to provide reference for the development of famous classical formulas containing Bruceae Fructus. Through the herbal textual research， It can be verified that， since the Qing dynasty， Bruceae Fructus has been recorded in the materia medica， most of the materia medica in previous dynasties took Bruceae Fructus as its proper name， and Laoyadan， Kushenzi and Yadanzi as the aliases. The main origin of Bruceae Fructus is Brucea javanica， its medicinal part is the fruit， which is harvested from August to October every year， the fruit can be harvested when it is ripe. Bruceae Fructus was first distributed in Fujian， Guangdong and Guangxi， and gradually expanded to the south of China with the change of time. The traditional processing method of Bruceae Fructus is mainly to remove the shell and kernel， and remove the oil by frosting. The 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia stipulates that its processing method is to remove the shell and impurities. Based on the research results， it is suggested that the dried mature fruit of B. javanica should be selected for the development of famous classical formulas containing this herb， and the raw products can be used if the original formula does not specify the processing requirements.关键词：famous classical formulas;Bruceae Fructus;herbal textual research;name;origin;place of production;processing
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：By reviewing the ancient and modern literature， the name， origin， scientific name evolution， place of origin， quality， harvesting， processing， efficacy and toxicity of Asteris Radix et Rhizoma（ARR） were systematically sorted out， so as to provide reference for the development and utilization of the relevant famous classical formulas. According to textual research， ARR was first contained in Shennong Bencaojing， all generations are Ziwan for its proper name， and there are still aliases such as Ziyuan， Ziqian and Xiaobianer. Its mainstream origin in successive generations was Aster tataricus， and there are also Ligularia fischeri and others in local area of use. The medicinal parts of ARR are root and rhizome， but in modern times， the rhizome is mostly used for propagation and cultivation， so some of ARR medicinal materials only have the root without the rhizome. The earliest recorded ancient origin of ARR was now Fangxian（Hubei）， Zhengding and Handan（Heibei）， then the range of production areas gradually expanded， the mainstream production areas from the Song dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties included Hebei， Jiangsu， Anhui， Henan and other places， since modern times， two major producing areas have been formed in Anguo， Hebei province and Bozhou， Anhui province. From the quality evaluation， it is clear that from ancient times， flexible roots and purple color are the best. The ancient harvesting was mainly in lunar February or March， and then dried in the shade， and the modern harvesting is mostly in spring and autumn， and the roots are braided into pigtails and then dried in the sun or dried in the sun after 1-2 d. The ancient and modern processing method of ARR are basically the same， mainly honey processing， there are still methods of frying， steaming， vinegar sizzling， etc. Based on the results， it is recommended that the dried roots and rhizomes of A. tataricus should be used in clinical and the development of related famous classical formulas， and those whose original formulas specify the processing requirements can be processed according to the relevant requirements， while whose processing requirements are not specified should be used in the form of raw products.关键词：famous classical formulas;Asteris Radix et Rhizoma;hebral textual research;evolution of scientific name;medicinal part;harvesting and processing;origin
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：By consulting the ancient Chinese herbal books， medical books and formularies of the past dynasties， and combining with modern research data， this paper makes a systematic textual research on the name， origin， place of origin， traditional quality evaluation， harvesting and processing of Selaginellae Herba， so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of the relevant famous classical formulas. According to the textual research， Juanbai is the correct name of the herbal medicine in all dynasties， and there are also aliases such as Baozu， Qiugu， Jiaoshi and Jiusi Huanhuncao. The origin of Selaginellae Herba in the ancient herbal books was Selaginella tamariscina in all dynasties. Since the Republic of China， S. pulvinata has been gradually used as another origin of Selaginellae Herba. In ancient times， the producing area of S. tamariscina was mainly in Shandong， Hebei， Henan， Shaanxi， Jiangsu and Sichuan， etc. Nowadays， it is produced all over the country. S. pulvinata is mainly produced in Guangxi， Fujian， Sichuan， Guizhou， Yunnan， Hebei and so on. Since the recent times， it is concluded that the quality of the green color， complete and unbroken is good. Before the Qing dynasty， it was recorded that the harvesting time of Selaginellae Herba was generally from April to July， and it was expanded to all year round since the Qing dynasty. After harvesting， remove the sediment（sand and mud）， cut off the fibrous roots and dry in the shade or in the sun. The processing methods in all dynasties were mainly carbonizing by stir-frying and stir-bake to brown， and some ancient books contained the processing method of brine boiling， which was rarely used in modern times. Based on the results， it is recommended that S. tamariscina should be used as the base material of Selaginellae Herba. Because of more impurities， it should be fully purified to ensure the cleanliness of the herb， and the processing method can be based on the prescription requirements， if the processing requirements are not specified， the raw products can be used， charcoal products is recommended for use as an hemostatic.关键词：Selaginella tamariscina;S. pulvinata;herbal textual research;evolution of scientific name;quality evaluation;origin change;processing methods
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo induce the rat model of ulcerative colitis （UC） with spleen-kidney Yang deficiency and liver depression， and explore the efficacy and mechanism of Sishenwan combined with Tongxie Yaofang （SSW&TXYF） based on the therapeutic principles of tonifying spleen， soothing liver， warming kidney， and astringing intestine.MethodSixty male SD rats were randomized into normal， model， mesalazine， and high-， medium-， and low-dose SSW&TXYF groups. The rats in other groups except the normal group were administrated with Sennae Folium decoction and hydrocortisone and received tail clamping for 14 days. On day 14， rats received enema with TNBS-ethanol solution to induce UC. The rats were administrated with corresponding drugs from day 15 of modeling， and the body weight and mental state were observed and recorded. The sucrose preference test was performed from day 25. On day 28， the rectal temperature was measured， and the rats were administrated with 3% D-xylose solution at a dose of 10 mL·kg-1 by gavage. Blood was sampled 1 h later， from which the serum was collected for measurement of the D-xylose content. The serum， hippocampus， and colorectum samples of rats were collected on day 29. The levels of gastrin （GAS）， adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）， corticosterone （CORT）， cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）， cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP）， interleukin （IL）-4， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， and interferon （IFN）-γ in the serum and 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） in the hippocampus were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to reveal the colonic lesions. The mRNA and protein levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）， and c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） in the colon tissue were determined by Real-time PCR and Western blot， respectively.ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased body weight， anal temperature， and D-xylose content in the serum and increased GAS content （P<0.01）. The modeling led to cAMP/cGMP unbalance and decreased the ACTH and CORT content in the serum （P<0.01）， the preference for sucrose water， and the 5-HT content in the hippocampus （P<0.01）. Moreover， it shortened the colorectal length and caused massive infiltration of inflammatory cells and severe structural damage in the colon tissue. High， medium， and low doses of SSW&TXYF improved above indicators （P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced inflammatory infiltration， and repaired the pathological damage of the tissue. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed lowered IL-4 level （P<0.01） and elevated TNF-α and IFN-γ levels （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the serum， as well as up-regulated expression of p38 MAPK， ERK， and JNK （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， SSW&TXYF elevated the IL-4 level （P<0.01）， lowered the TNF-α and IFN-γ levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of p38 MAPK， ERK， and JNK （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionA rat model of UC with spleen-kidney Yang deficiency and liver depression was successfully established. SSW&TXYF can significantly mitigate this syndrome by reducing the inflammatory response in the colon and inhibiting the MAPK pathway.关键词：syndrome;spleen-kidney Yang deficiency;liver depression;ulcerative colitis;mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the role of the Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway in the intervention of medicated serum of Buyang Huanwutang （BYHWT） in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition （EndMT） of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells （HPAECs） as well as its related mechanisms.MethodMedicated serum of BYHWT was prepared by gavage to New Zealand rabbits with a dosage of 53.36 g·kg-1·d-1 after decocting the medicine as usual. In addition， the same volume of normal saline was used to prepare blank serum. The HPAECs were cultured in vitro， and then induced by the transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） to establish the EndMT model. Five groups were established： blank group （10% blank serum）， model group （TGF-β1+10% blank serum）， low-dose BYHWT group （TGF-β1+2.5% medicated serum+7.5% blank serum）， medium-dose BYHWT group （TGF-β1+5% medicated serum+5% blank serum） and high-dose BYHWT group （TGF-β1+10% medicated serum）. Through Western blot， the expressions of Wnt1， β-catenin， and glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β） were detected. In order to further clarify the mechanism of the Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway in the intervention of the medicated serum of BYHWT in inhibiting EndMT， the overexpression of β-catenin was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction after plasmid of overexpression β-catenin was constructed and transfected into the HPAECs. The HPAECs were intervened by 10% medicated serum with the optimal effect in previous studies. Then， they were divided into another five groups： the blank group （10% blank serum）， the model group （TGF-β1+10% blank serum）， the BYHWT group （TGF-β1+10% medicated serum）， the BYHWT+overexpression plasmid control group （TGF-β1+10% medicated serum+blank plasmid） and the BYHWT+β-catenin overexpression plasmid group （TGF-β1+10% medicated serum+β-catenin）. Apart from that， cell proliferation ability was detected by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） method and cell migration ability by scratch assay and Transwell assay together. Immunofluorescence was adopted to detect the expressions of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule （PECAM-1/CD31）， vascular endothelial cadherin （VE-cadherin）， fibroblast-specific protein 1 （FSP1）， and α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）.ResultIn comparison to the blank group， the expressions of Wnt1 and β-catenin were significantly increased （P<0.01） while the expression of GSK-3β significantly decreased （P<0.01） in the model group. In comparison to the model group， the expressions of Wnt1 and β-catenin were significantly decreased （P<0.01） while the expression of GSK-3β was significantly increased （P<0.01） in the high-dose BYHWT group. The expression of β-catenin was significantly decreased （P<0.01） while the expression of GSK-3β was significantly increased （P<0.01） in the medium-dose BYHWT group. There was no significant difference in these indexes of the low-dose BYHWT group. In comparison to the blank group， proliferation and migration abilities were remarkably increased （P<0.01） and the immunofluorescence intensities of CD31 and VE-cadherin were decreased， while those of FSP1 and α-SMA were increased in the model group. In comparison to the model group， proliferation and migration abilities were significantly decreased （P<0.01） and the immunofluorescence intensities of CD31 and VE-cadherin were increased， while those of FSP1 and α-SMA diminished in the BYHWT group. Beyond that， the change trend of those indexes in the BYHWT+β-catenin overexpression plasmid group was consistent with that in the model group. In comparison to the BYHWT+overexpression plasmid control group， proliferation and migration abilities were significantly increased （P<0.01） and the immunofluorescence intensities of CD31 and VE-cadherin were decreased， while those of FSP1 and α-SMA were increased in the BYHWT+β-catenin overexpression plasmid group.ConclusionMedicated serum of BYHWT can inhibit EndMT of HPAECs by the Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway.关键词：idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis;endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition;Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway;Buyang Huanwutang （BYHWT）
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo reveal the effects of Huanglian Jiedutang （HLJDT） on the learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 transgenic mice via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）/vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） signaling pathway.MethodForty 5-month-old β-amyloid precursor protein （APP）/presenilin 1（PS1） mice were randomized into the model， donepezil （0.001 g·kg-1·d-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （1.5， 3， 6 g·kg-1·d-1， respectively） HLJDT groups， and 8 C57BL/6 mice were taken as the normal group. After 45 days of continuous administration， Morris water maze test was conducted， and the organ indexes were calculated. The morphological structure of cerebral vascular endothelial cells in mice was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Western blot was employed to measure the protein levels of APP， HIF-1α， VEGF，VEGFA， and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in the hippocampus. The mRNA levels of APP， HIF-1α， and VEGF were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）.ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed prolonged escape latency （P<0.05）， reduced distance and time around the target platform （P<0.05）， decrease brain and spleen indexes （P<0.05）， vascular endothelial cells with karyopyknosis and not abundant cytoplasm， up-regulated protein levels of APP， HIF-1α， VEGF， and VEGFA （P<0.05）， down-regulated protein level of BDNF （P<0.05）， and up-regulated mRNA levels of APP， HIF-1α， and VEGF （P<0.05） in the hippocampus. Compared with the model group， high-dose HLJDT shortened the escape latency （P<0.05）， increased the distance and time around the target platform （P<0.05）， raised the brain and spleen indexes （P<0.05）， repaired the organelles of vascular endothelial cells， down-regulated the protein levels of APP， HIF-1α， VEGF， and VEGFA （P<0.05）， up-regulated the protein level of BDNF （P<0.05）， and down-regulated the mRNA levels of APP， HIF-1α， and VEGF （P<0.05） in the hippocampus.ConclusionHLJDT can improve the learning and memory abilities of mice by reducing the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF， thus protecting the nerves.关键词：Huanglian Jiedutang （HLJDT）;β-amyloid precursor protein （APP）/presenilin 1（PS1） transgenic mice;hypoxia-inducible factor 1α （HIF-1α）;vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of Baihe Wuyaotang （BWT） on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and elucidate its underlying mechanism.MethodC57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to six groups： normal control， model， positive drug （pioglitazone hydrochloride 1.95×10-3 g·kg-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose BWT （1.3，2.5 and 5.1 g·kg-1）. Following a 12-week high-fat diet （HFD） inducement， the mice underwent six weeks of therapeutic intervention with twice-daily drug administration. Body weight was monitored weekly throughout the treatment period. At the fifth week， glucose tolerance （GTT） and insulin tolerance （ITT） tests were conducted. Subsequently， the mice were euthanized for the collection of liver tissue and serum， and the subcutaneous adipose tissue （iWAT） and epididymal adipose tissue （eWAT） were weighed. Serum levels of total triglycerides （TG） and liver function indicators，such as alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， were determined. Histological examinations， including oil red O staining， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Masson staining， and transmission electron microscopy， were performed to evaluate hepatic lipid deposition， pathological morphology， and ultrastructural changes， respectively. Meanwhile， Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were employed to analyze alterations， at both gene and protein levels， the insulin signaling pathway molecules， including insulin receptor substrate 1/2/protein kinase B/forkhead box gene O1 （IRS1/2/Akt/FoxO1）， glycogen synthesis enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase （Pepck） and glucose-6-phosphatase （G6Pase）， lipid metabolism-related genes stearoyl-coA desaturase-1 （SCD-1） and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 （CPT-1）， fibrosis-associated molecules α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， type Ⅰ collagen （CollagenⅠ）， and the fibrosis canonical signaling pathway transforming growth factor-β1/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein2/3（TGF-β1/p-Smad/Smad2/3）， inflammatory factors such as interleukin（IL）-6， IL-8， IL-11， and IL-1β， autophagy markers LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ and p62/SQSTM1， and the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）.ResultCompared with the model group， BWT reduced the body weight and liver weight of NAFLD mice（P<0.05， P<0.01）， inhibited liver lipid accumulation， and reduced the weight of white fat： it reduced the weight of eWAT and iWAT（P<0.05， P<0.01） as well as the serum TG content（P<0.05， P<0.01）. BWT improved the liver function as reflected by the reduced ALT and AST content（P<0.05， P<0.01）. It improved liver insulin resistance by upregulating IRS2， p-Akt/Akt， p-FoxO1/FoxO1 expressions（P<0.05）. Besides， it improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders： it reduced fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose（P<0.05， P<0.01）， improved GTT and ITT（P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced the expression of Pepck， G6Pase， and SCD-1（P<0.01）， and increased the expression of CPT-1（P<0.01）. The expressions of α-SMA， Collagen1， and TGF-β1 proteins were down-regulated（P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the expression of p-Smad/Smad2/3 was downregulated（P<0.05）， suggesting BWT reduced liver fibrosis. BWT inhibited inflammation-related factors as it reduced the gene expression of IL-6， IL-8， IL-11 and IL-1β（P<0.01） and it enhanced autophagy by upregulating LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ expression（P<0.05）while downregulating the expression of p62/SQSTM1 and mTOR（P<0.05）.ConclusionBWT ameliorates NAFLD by multifaceted improvements， including improving IR and glucose and lipid metabolism， anti-inflammation， anti-fibrosis， and enhancing autophagy. In particular， BWT may enhance liver autophagy by inhibiting the mTOR-mediated signaling pathway.关键词：Baihe Wuyaotang;non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;obesity;insulin resistance;autophagy
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo study the effect and mechanism of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang combined with phlegm-removing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicine on immune escape in Lewis lung cancer mice.MethodA total of 60 specific-pathogen-free （SPF）-grade C57BL/6J male mice were injected subcutaneously with 0.2 mL of Lewis cell suspension （containing 2×106 cells·mL-1） in the right mid-axillary line. After 7 days， the mice that had been successfully modeled were randomly divided into six groups： the model group， the cisplatin group， the Xiangsha Liu Junzitang low-， medium-， and high-dose groups， and the combined group， with 10 mice in each group. The Xiangsha Liu Junzitang low-， medium- and high-dose groups were gavaged with 17.88， 35.75， 71.50 g·kg-1 Xiangsha Liu Junzitang solution once a day， respectively， and the dosage of cisplatin intraperitoneally injected into the mice was converted to 5 mg·kg-1 twice a week， and the tumour volumes of each group were measured every two days. The intervention lasted for 14 consecutive days. At the end of treatment， the tumour mass of mice in each group was weighed and the tumour inhibition rate was calculated. The morphological characteristics of tumours in each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） assay was used to detect messenger ribonucleic acid （mRNA） contents of the natural killer group 2 member D （NKG2D） receptor， ribonucleic acid export-1 （RAE-1）， and γ interferon （IFN-γ） in the tumour tissues of each group. NKG2D， RAE-1， and IFN-γ mRNA in tumour tissues of each group. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） and Western blot were applied to detect the expressions of RAE-1， NKG2D， and IFN-γ in tumour tissues of each group， and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）， p-JAK2， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， and p-STAT3 in tumour tissues of each group， as well as the protein levels of NKG2D， and RAE-1 in spleen tissues of each group.ResultCompared with that in the model group， the tumour mass decreased in all dose groups of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang， with no statistically significant difference. The tumour volume was reduced （P<0.05， P <0.01）. The pathological morphology was improved. The mRNA contents of NKG2D， RAE-1 and IFN-γ were increased in the medium-dose group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the protein expressions of NKG2D， RAE-1， and IFN-γ in tumour tissues were elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expressions were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In spleen tissues， the protein expressions of NKG2D and RAE-1 in all dose groups of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang were significantly elevated （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the cisplatin group， NKG2D， RAE-1 and IFN-γ mRNA contents were elevated in the middle-dose group of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang， and the difference was not statistically significant. IHC showed that the protein expressions of NKG2D and IFN-γ in the combined group were significantly elevated （P<0.01）， and Western blot results showed that the protein expressions of RAE-1， NKG2D and IFN-γ were elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expressions were decreased in the combined group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. NKG2D and RAE-1 protein expressions were significantly increased in spleen tissues of the medium-dose groups and the combined group （P<0.01）.ConclusionXiangsha Liu Junzitang combined with phlegm-removing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit the growth of tumours in Lewis lung cancer mice by up-regulating the expressions of RAE-1/NKG2D， promoting the activation of NK cells， and inhibiting immune escape， the mechanism of which may be related to down-regulation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.关键词：Xiangsha Liu Junzitang;Lewis lung cancer;immune escape;natural killer group 2 member D （NKG2D） receptor;ribonucleic acid export-1 （RAE-1）
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore whether the mechanism of Shuangshen Ningxin capsules （SSNX） in alleviating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI） in rats is related to the regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion.MethodThis study focused on Sprague Dawley （SD） rats and ligated the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery to construct a rat model of MIRI. The rats were divided into the sham operation group， model group， SSNX group （90 mg·kg-1） and trimetazidine group （5.4 mg·kg-1）. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） were detected by micro method. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential （△Ψm） and the degree of mitochondrial permeability transition pore （mPTP） opening were detected by the chemical fluorescence method. The intracellular adenosine triphosphate （ATP） level was detected by the luciferase assay. The messenger ribonucleic acid （mRNA） and protein expression levels of mitochondrial fission and fusion related factors dynamin-related protein 1 （DRP1）， mitochondrial fission 1 protein （FIS1）， optic atrophy protein 1 （OPA1）， mitochondrial outer membrane fusion protein 1 （MFN1）， and MFN2 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （real-time PCR） and Western blot.ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed a decrease in serum SOD activity and an increase in MDA content. The opening level of mPTP， the level of △Ψm and ATP content decreased， the protein expressions of mitochondrial fission factors DRP1 and FIS1 increased， and the protein expressions and mRNA transcription levels of fusion related factors OPA1 and MFN1 decreased. Compared with the model group，SSNX significantly increased serum SOD activity， reduced MDA content， increased intracellular ATP level and △Ψm， reduced the opening level of mPTP， downregulated the protein expressions of mitochondrial fission factors DRP1 and FIS1， and increased the mRNA transcription levels and protein expressions of fusion related factors OPA1 and MFN1.ConclusionSSNX inhibits the expressions of mitochondrial fission factors DRP1 and FIS1， and increases the expressions of fusion related factors OPA1 and MFN1， inhibiting mitochondrial fission and increasing mitochondrial fusion， thereby alleviating MIRI.关键词：Shuangshen Ningxin capsules;mitochondrial fission;mitochondrial fusion;myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo detect the flexibility differences of Plasmodium berghei K173 （PbK173）-infected red blood cells with varying degrees of sensitivity to artemisinin-based drugs and to preliminarily explore the underlying mechanisms of the differences.MethodA total of 102 specific-pathogen-free （SPF） male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups， with 30 mice each in the control group and PbK173-resistant （PbK173-R） group， and 42 mice in the PbK173-sensitive （PbK173-S） group. Except for the control group， the rest groups were vaccinated with 1×107 PbK173-S/PbK173-R infected red blood cells to establish a mouse malaria model. During the administration and recovery periods （control group， PbK173-R/PbK173-S）， dihydroartemisinin （DHA， 40 mg·kg-1） and malaridine （MD， 6 mg·kg-1） were administered continuously for four days. Peripheral blood was taken from the PbK173-S/PbK173-R groups with an infection rate equal to or greater than 20%. Peripheral blood and each organ were taken on the first day at the end of administration （dosing period） and on the fifth day at the end of administration （recovery period）， and blood parameters and organ indices of each group were examined. The osmotic fragility of peripheral blood red blood cells in each group was detected using the red blood cell osmotic fragility test. Western blot was applied to determine the levels of Piezo1 and Band3 proteins in the red blood cell membrane.ResultDuring the administration and recovery periods， there were no significant differences between the PbK173-S MD group and the DHA group. During the administration period， there were no significant differences in hematological parameters between PbK173-S and PbK173-R in the MD group. However， during the recovery period， the red blood cell count， hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit of the PbK173-R group were significantly higher than those of the PbK173-S group （P<0.05） in the MD group. Compared with that of the control group， the osmotic fragility of the PbK173-S/PbK173-R groups was significantly enhanced （P<0.01）， and the osmotic fragility of the PbK173-S group was significantly stronger than that of the PbK173-R group （P<0.01）. The osmotic fragility of red blood cells in the PbK173-S group during the administration period was significantly stronger than that in the control group and PbK173-R group during the administration period （P<0.01）. The osmotic fragility of red blood cells in the PbK173-R group during the recovery period was significantly higher than that in the control group during the administration period and the PbK173-S group during the recovery period （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the control group， the Piezo1 protein and Band3 protein in the red blood cell membrane of the PbK173-S group were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the PbK173-R group， the Piezo1 protein and Band 3 protein in the red blood cell membrane of the PbK173-S group were significantly reduced.ConclusionThe flexibility of PbK173-infected red blood cells with different sensitivities to artemisinins differed. Plasmodium-infected red blood cells significantly reduced the levels of Piezo1 and Band3 proteins in the red blood cell membrane， and the erythrocyte flexibility exhibited a decreasing trend in the following order： normal group， PbK173-R group， and PbK173-S group.关键词：artemisinin;sensitivity;erythrocyte fragility;Piezo1 proteins;Band3 proteins
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Xinjia Congrong Tusizi decoction （XJCTD） on ovarian functions in the rat model of premature ovarian insufficiency （POI） and decipher the mechanism of regulating the tumor suppressor protein （p53）/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） pathway to attenuate granulosa cell ferroptosis.MethodForty-eight SPF-grade female SD rats were randomized into control， model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （1.1， 2.2， 4.4 g·kg-1） XJCTD， and Western medicine （coenzyme Q10， 0.002 7 g·kg-1） groups， with eight rats in each group. The rat model of POI was established by gavage of triptolide （TP）， and after successful modeling， each group was administrated with the corresponding drugs by gavage for 14 d. The body weight and ovarian weight of each rat were weighed and the ovarian index was calculated. The morphology of the ovarian tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining， and the proportions of growing follicles and atretic follicles were calculated. The serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone （AMM）， estradiol （E2）， and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to measure the reactive oxygen species （ROS） content in granulosa cells. The content of cellular Ferrous ion （Fe2+）， lipid peroxide （LPO）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione （GSH）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） was detected by colorimetry. The expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53，Nrf2， solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）， and glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.ResultCompared with the control group， the model group showed decreased ovarian weight， body weight， and ovarian index （P<0.01）， reduced ovarian tissue volume and proportion of growing follicles （P<0.01）， increased proportion of atretic follicles （P<0.01）， lowered AMH and E2 levels and elevated FSH level in the serum （P<0.01）， and elevated levels of Fe2+， ROS， LPO， and MDA （P<0.01） and lowered levels of GSH and SOD in granulosa cells （P<0.01）. Moreover， the modeling up-regulated the expression of p53 （P<0.01） and down-regulated the expression of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the ovarian tissue. Compared with the model group， XJCTD increased the body weight， ovarian weight， and ovarian index （P<0.01）， alleviated the pathological changes in the ovarian tissue， increased the proportion of growing follicles （P<0.01）， decreased the proportion of atretic follicles （P<0.01）， and reduced the content of ROS in granulosa cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， medium- and high-dose XJCTD lowered the FSH level （P<0.01） and raised E2 and AMH levels （P<0.01） in the serum， reduced the Fe2+ content （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and increased the SOD content （P<0.01） in granulosa cells. High-dose XJCTD reduced the LPO and MDA content （P<0.01） and increased the SOD content （P<0.01） in the granulosa cells， down-regulated the expression of p53 （P<0.05）， and up-regulated the expression of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 in the ovarian tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionXJCTD may protect the ovarian function in the rat model of POI by regulating the p53/Nrf2 signaling pathway to attenuate the ferroptosis of ovarian granulosa cells.关键词：Xinjia Congrong Tusizi decoction;premature ovarian insufficiency;ferroptosis;p53/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway;granulosa cells
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo compare the effects of Taxillus chinensis from different hosts with different meridian affinity on bone microstructure and bone metabolism in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats， and investigate its mechanism of action.MethodEighty-eight specific-pathogen-free （SPF）-grade female Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were selected and randomly divided into 11 groups： sham-operated group， model group， low-， medium- and high-dose groups of T. chinensis from Morus alba （2.5， 5， and 10 g·kg-1）， low-， medium- and high-dose groups of T. chinensis from Cinnamomum cassia （2.5， 5， and 10 g·kg-1）， and low-， medium- and high-dose groups of T. chinensis from C. burmannii （2.5， 5， and 10 g·kg-1）. After 12 weeks of drug intervention， the rats were examined for proximal femur bone density and bone microstructure using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry （DXA） and micro-computed tomography （Micro-CT）. Histopathological changes in rat femur were observed by the hematoxylin-eosin staining （HE）. Contents of serum estradiol （E2）， bone Gla protein （BGP）， bone alkaline phosphatase （BALP）， tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b （TRACP-5b） and pre-collagen type Ⅰ amino-terminal protopeptide （PINP） were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was employed to detect the messenger ribonucleic acid （mRNA） expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2）， Smad1， Smad9 and recombinant runt-related transcription factor 2 （Runx2） in rat humerus. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of BMP-2， p-Smad1/5/9 and Runx2 in rat humerus.ResultCompared with that in the sham-operated group， the femur microstructure of rats in the model group was significantly disrupted， with significant decreases in bone mineral density （BMD） value， bone volume fraction （BV/TV）， trabecular number （Tb.N）， and trabecular thickness （Tb.Th） （P<0.01）， and significant increases in trabecular separation （Tb.Sp） and structure model index （SMI） （P<0.01）. The serum levels of BGP， BALP， TRACP-5b and PINP were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and E2 levels were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA expressions of BMP-2， Smad1， Smad9， and Runx2 were significantly decreased in rat humerus （P<0.01）， and the protein expressions of BMP-2， p-Smad1/5/9， and Runx2 were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the administration groups of T. chinensis from different hosts all elevated the BMD， BV/TV， Tb.N， Tb.Th， Tb.Sp， and SMI levels in the femur， improved bone microstructure， increased serum E2 levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lowered the levels of serum BGP， BALP， TRACP-5b， and PINP， upregulated the mRNA expression of BMP-2， Smad1， and Runx2 and upregulated the mRNA expression levels of Smad9 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and upregulated the protein expressions levels of BMP-2， p-Smad1/5/9， and Runx2 （P<0.01）. The best effect was observed in the group of T. chinensis from C. cassia.ConclusionT. chinensis from different hosts improved osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats， with the group of T. chinensis from C. cassia being the most potent among the administered groups， and its treatment of osteoporosis may regulate the balance of bone conversion by regulating BMP/Smad signaling pathway.关键词：Taxillus chinensis;hosts with different meridian affinity;osteoporosis;bone mineral density;bone morphogenetic protein （BMP）/Smad pathway
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of Scutellariae Radix-Coptidis Rhizoma （SRCR） on atherosclerosis （AS） in mice and the effect of SRCR on macrophage pyroptosis in plaques via NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasomes.MethodApoE-/- mice were fed with a high-fat diet for the modeling of AS and randomized into model， atorvastatin （5 mg·kg-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （1.95， 3.9， 7.8 g·kg-1， respectively） SRCR groups. Normal C57BL/6J mice were selected as the control group. After 8 weeks of administration， hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological status of the aortic plaque. The lipid accumulation in aortic plaque was observed by oil red O staining. The serum levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） in mice were measured. Immunofluorescence double staining was employed to detect the co-localized expression of EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 （EMR1）/NLRP3 and EMR1/gasdermin D （GSDMD）. The serum levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-18 （IL-18） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein levels of NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein （ASC）， Caspase-1， cleaved Caspase-1， GSDMD， N-terminus of GSDMD （GSDMD-NT）， pro-IL-1β， IL-1β， and IL-18 were determined by Western blot， and the mRNA levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， GSDMD， IL-1β， and IL-18 were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）.ResultCompared with the control group， the model group showed obvious plaques， elevated serum levels of TG， TC， LDL-C， IL-1β， and IL-18 （P<0.01）， lowered serum level of HDL-C （P<0.01）， and up-regulated expression of NLRP3 inflammasomes and molecules related to pyroptosis in the aortic plaques （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， SRCR， especially at the medium and high doses， alleviated the plaque pathology， reduced the lipid content in plaques （P<0.05， P<0.01）， recovered the serum lipid levels （P<0.05）， reduced the macrophage recruitment （P<0.01）， activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes， and pyroptosis in aortic root plaques （P<0.05）， lowered the serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels （P<0.01）， and down-regulated the protein levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， cleaved Caspase-1， GSDMD， GSDMD-NT， pro-IL-1β， IL-1β， and IL-18 （P<0.05） and the mRNA levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， GSDMD， IL-1β， and IL-18 in the aortic tissue （P<0.05）.ConclusionSRCR exerts a therapeutic effect on high-fat diet-induced AS in mice by inhibiting the activation NLRP3 inflammasomes and reducing the pyroptosis of macrophages in plaques.关键词：Scutellariae Radix-Coptidis Rhizoma;atherosclerosis;NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome;macrophage;pyroptosis;mechanism
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Shenqi Tangluo pill （SQTLP） on oxidative stress injury of skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） mice based on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）/NAD（P）H quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1） pathway.MethodA total of 60 7-week-old male db/db mice ［specific pathogen-free （SPF） grade］ were selected and fed for one week for adaption. They were divided into the model control group， SQTLP low-， medium- and high-dose （19， 38， and 76 g·kg-1） groups and metformin group （0.26 g·kg-1） by gavage. Each group consisted of 12 mice. Twelve male db/m mice of the same age were selected as the blank group. The intervention was implemented continuously for 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose （FBG） was detected. Fasting serum insulin （FINS） levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） index and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin sensitivity index （HOMA-ISI） were calculated. Oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） and insulin tolerance test （ITT） were conducted. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and the contents of malondialdehyde （MDA） and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） in skeletal muscle tissues were detected by biochemical kits. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in skeletal muscle tissues. The levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and 4-hydroxynonenal （4-HNE） in skeletal muscle tissue were detected by immunofluorescence （IF）. The expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， NQO1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit （GCLC） proteins in skeletal muscle tissues were detected by Western blot.ResultCompared with those in the blank group， FBG， FINS and HOMA-IR in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.05）， while HOMA-ISI was decreased （P<0.05）. The results of OGTT and ITT showed that blood glucose was significantly increased at all time points （P<0.05）， and glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were significantly impaired. SOD and GSH-Px activities in skeletal muscle tissues were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and MDA and NADPH contents were significantly increased （P<0.05）. In skeletal muscle tissues， the arrangement of muscle fibers was loose， the nucleus was disordered， and inflammatory cells were infiltrated. The expression levels of ROS and 4-HNE in skeletal muscle tissues were significantly increased （P<0.05）. The protein expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， NQO1 and GCLC in skeletal muscle tissues were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the model group， FBG， FINS and HOMA-IR in the metformin group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while HOMA-ISI was increased （P<0.05）. The results of OGTT and ITT showed that blood glucose in the metformin group was significantly decreased at all time points （P<0.05）. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in skeletal muscle tissues were significantly increased （P<0.05）， while the contents of MDA and NADPH were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. No obvious abnormality was found in the skeletal muscle tissue of the metformin group. The expressions of ROS and 4-HNE in skeletal muscle tissues were decreased （P<0.05）. The protein expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， NQO1 and GCLC in skeletal muscle tissues were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the model group， FBG， FINS and HOMA-IR in the SQTLP medium- and high-dose groups were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while HOMA-ISI was increased （P<0.05）. The results of OGTT and ITT showed that the glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance of mice were improved in each dose group of SQTLP. The GSH-Px activity in the SQTLP low-dose group was significantly increased （P<0.05）， and the NADPH content was decreased （P<0.05）. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the SQTLP medium- and high-dose groups were significantly increased （P<0.05）， while the contents of MDA and NADPH were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The skeletal muscle tissue injury of mice in each dose group of SQTLP was ameliorated to different degrees. In the SQTLP medium- and high-dose groups， the expressions of ROS and 4-HNE were decreased （P<0.05）， and the protein expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， NQO1 and GCLC were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the SQTLP low-dose group， FBG and HOMA-IR in the SQTLP high-dose group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while HOMA-ISI was increased （P<0.05）. The results of OGTT and ITT showed that the SQTLP high-dose group significantly improved the glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance of mice. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in skeletal muscle tissues were significantly increased （P<0.05）， while the contents of MDA and NADPH were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. No obvious abnormality was found in the skeletal muscle tissue， the expressions of ROS and 4-HNE were decreased （P<0.05）， and the protein expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， NQO1 and GCLC were significantly increased （P<0.05） in the skeletal muscle tissue of the SQTLP high-dose group.ConclusionSQTLP can significantly improve IR in T2DM mice， and the mechanism is related to SQTLP activating the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway， promoting the expression of antioxidant enzymes， and thus improving the oxidative stress injury in the skeletal muscle.关键词：Shenqi Tangluo pill;insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes;skeletal muscle;oxidative stress;nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）/NAD（P）H quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1） pathway
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Baihe Yuzi prescription （BYP） on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator （CFTR）， aquaporin （AQP）， zinc/iron-regulated transporter-like protein （ZIP） and local oxidative stress in epididymis of oligoasthenozoospermia （OAS） rats， and to explore the mechanism of its intervention in OAS.MethodAfter 35 rats were acclimatized for 1 week， 7 rats were randomly selected as the normal group， and the remaining 28 rats were given tripterygium glycosides （TG） 30 mg·kg-1. After 4 weeks of modeling， they were randomly divided into 4 groups： model group， BYP low-dose group （LBYP）， BYP high-dose group （HBYP） and levocarnitine group， with 7 rats in each group. The rats in the normal group and model group were given normal saline at the same dosage. The levocarnitine group rats were given L-carnitine oral liquid （100 mg·kg-1） by gavage. The LBYP group rats were given BYP 6.3 g·kg-1， and the HBYP group rats were given BYP 12.6 g·kg-1 by gavage once a day for consecutive 4 weeks. After the end of the intervention， sperm count and motility of all rats were detected， the histopathological structure of epididymis was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the expressions of CFTR， AQP9， AQP3， ZIP8， ZIP12 and other proteins were detected by Western blot. The contents of α-glycosidase （α-GC）， sialic acid （SA）， carnitine， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Total zinc content was measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Free zinc ion content was detected by zinc ion probes.ResultCompared with those in the normal group， the sperm count and motility of rats were decreased and the epididymal structure was disordered in the model group. The contents of α-GC and carnitine were decreased in epididymis （P<0.05）. MDA levels were increased， while SOD， GSH-Px and zinc levels were decreased （P<0.05）. The expressions of CFTR and ZIP12 in the head and cauda of the epididymis were down-regulated， and AQP3 expression was up-regulated. The expression of ZIP8 in the cauda epididymis was up-regulated （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， BYP can significantly improve the sperm count and motility， the epididymal structure of OAS rats and the levels of α-GC and carnitine （P<0.05）. The expressions of CFTR and ZIP12 in the head and cauda of the epididymis were up-regulated， while the expressions of ZIP8 in the cauda epididymis and AQP3 in the head of the epididymis were decreased （P<0.05）. The SOD and GSH-Px levels and total zinc content in epididymis were increased， and the MDA levels were decreased （P<0.05）.ConclusionBYP may improve the sperm quality and repair epididymal tissue structure and function of OAS rats， by regulating the expressions of CFTR， AQP3， and ZIP12 ion channels and local antioxidant mechanism.关键词：Baihe Yuzi prescription;epididymis;cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator;aquaporin;zinc-iron transporter;oxidative stress
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：At present，there is a lack of consensus on the diagnosis， treatment and management of erectile dysfunction（ED）/premature ejaculation（PE） comorbidity in China. To develop a clinical diagnosis and treatment strategy for ED/PE comorbidity， according to the guidelines for ED/PE comorbidity published in China and abroad in recent years and combined with the clinical practice of many urology and andrology research units in China，the clinical experts organized by the Branch of Sexology of Traditional Chinese Medicine， China Sexology Association formed this consensus through consensus drafting， academic review， expert correspondence interview and full discussion at the review meeting based on the existing evidence-based medical evidence. Based on the clinical experience of doctors，research evidence，patients' wishes and living environment factors，this consensus comprehensively evaluates the diagnosis and treatment norms of ED/PE comorbidity with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine，aiming at the diagnosis and treatment orientation and value of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine，so as to benefit the whole process management of more patients. Traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis pays attention to the collection of four diagnostic information of inspection， auscultation， inquiry and palpation， and carries out pattern differentiation of six meridians， pattern differentiation of Wei-defence， Qi， Ying nutrients and blood， and pattern differentiation of zang-fu organs as described in the Shanghanlun （《伤寒论》）. Based on the synergy of traditional Chinese and Western medicine， the advantages of the overall regulation of traditional Chinese medicine are brought into play， and the individualized treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine is implemented. Internal treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is based on the pattern differentiation of yin and yang described in Section Ⅱ， Chapter Ⅳ Syndrome Differentiation of Surgical Diseases in Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine. As stated in Leijing： Yinyanglei （《类经·阴阳类》）， "Human diseases ... must have their roots， either in Yin or in Yang. Although there are many pathological changes， their roots are one." Huangdineijing：Suwen： Yinyangyingxiangdalun（《黄帝内经·素问·阴阳应象大论》） states that "Those who are good at diagnosis should look at the color and pulse， and differentiate Yin and Yang syndromes first." This consensus describes the yang and yin syndromes according to the principle that "Yin and Yang syndromes differentiation should be the priority in the pattern differentiation by the eight principles." In addition， for the syndromes of ED/PE comorbidity， based on the same treatment of different diseases， Chaihu Guizhitang， Wenjingtang and Buzhong Yiqitang are used， which can be referred to.关键词：erectile dysfunction;premature ejaculation;erectile dysfunction（ED）/premature ejaculation（PE）comorbidity;combination of traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine;consensus
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveBy analyzing the current situation of drug selection and evaluation in medical institutions in the world，we aim to understand the development of relevant selection methods and tools，provide reference basis for drug selection in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） medical institutions，and promote the optimization of drug catalogs in TCM medical institutions.MethodBased on the method of scoping review，the eight databases were systematically searched，the included documents were screened，extracted and analyzed，and the research results were graphically displayed.ResultA total of 23 articles were included in this study，including 13 in Chinese and 10 in English，involving 23 methods or tools related to drug selection. Of the 14 methods or tools from Chinese medical institutions，the earliest one was published in 2012，and five were published in 2022. The published methods or tools involved different levels of hospitals，different drug varieties，different evaluation angles，etc.，such as the drug selection methods of one county hospital and one township hospital， methods and tools for different types of drugs such as antibacterial drugs，ibuprofen preparations，proton pump inhibitors and hypoglycemic drugs used in pediatric intensive care units， Chinese patent medicine selection tools， tools for evaluation from the perspective of pharmacoeconomics， and universal tools for selecting domestic medical institutions. The nine drug selection tools of foreign medical institutions were from the European，American，Asian and African countries. It was first published in 1955. The contents included the formulation standards that medical institutions should follow for drug prescription sets，the management formulation and update of hospital prescription sets，and drug evaluation tools.ConclusionOn the whole，the drug selection methods and institutional methods of foreign medical institutions developed earlier than those in China. In recent years，Chinese medical institutions have paid high attention to drug selection and released various types of drug selection tools. However，the standardization should be further improved in the future.关键词：hospital drug selection;hospital evidence-based decision-making;hospital-based health technology;scoping review
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of Huangqi injection combined with Buzhong Yiqi acupuncture in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome （CFS） with Qi deficiency and its effects on TCM syndromes， fatigue symptoms， serum superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and oxidized low-density lipoprotein （ox-LDL） levels.MethodA total of 200 patients with CFS of Qi deficiency were randomly divided into a control group （100 cases） and an observation group （100 cases）. The control group was treated with vitamin B compounds， and the observation group was treated with Huangqi injection combined with Buzhong Yiqi acupuncture for two weeks. The scores of TCM syndromes， fatigue symptoms， levels of serum SOD， MDA， and ox-LDL and the incidence of adverse reactions were observed and compared before and after treatment in two groups.ResultAfter treatment， the total effective rate of the control group was 54.34% （50/92）， while that of the observation group was 88.54% （85/96）. The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group （χ2=27.13，P<0.05）. Compared with those in the two groups before treatment， scores of fatigue self-assessment scale （FSAS）， physical fatigue and mental fatigue， and sleep/rest response scores of fatigue in the two groups after treatment were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. After treatment， scores of FSAS， physical fatigue and mental fatigue， and sleep/rest response scores of fatigue in the observation group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the two groups before treatment， TCM syndrome scores in the two groups after treatment were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. After treatment， TCM syndrome scores in the observation group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the two groups before treatment， MDA levels in the two groups were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， ox-LDL levels in the observation group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and SOD levels were significantly increased （P<0.05）. After treatment， compared with those in the control group， the serum MDA and ox-LDL levels in the observation group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the serum SOD was significantly increased （P<0.05）. No serious adverse events or adverse reactions occurred during this clinical trial.ConclusionHuangqi injection combined with Buzhong Yiqi acupuncture has a good clinical curative effect in the treatment of CFS with Qi deficiency， which can effectively improve the fatigue symptoms of patients， increase the level of SOD， and reduce the level of serum MDA and ox-LDL. It is related to the production of antioxidants， inhibiting the production of lipid peroxides， and improving the body's ability to resist oxidative stress.关键词：huangqi injection;Buzhong Yiqi acupuncture;chronic fatigue syndrome;superoxide dismutase （SOD）;malondialdehyde （MDA）;oxidized low-density lipoprotein （ox-LDL）
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Tongluo Mingmu capsules in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy with blood stasis， collateral obstruction， and Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome.MethodA randomized， double-blind， positive-control， and multi-center clinical trial design method was used. 416 patients with diabetic retinopathy with blood stasis， collateral obstruction， and Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome in four test centers were included （the ratio of the treatment group to the control group was 3∶1）. On the basis of standardized hypoglycemic treatment， the treatment group was given both four Tongluo Mingmu capsules and two Calcium Dobesilate capsule agents three times a day， while the control group were given both two Calcium Dobesilate capsules and four Tongluo Mingmu capsule agents three times a day. The course of treatment was 12 weeks. The curative effect of Tongluo Mingmu capsules was evaluated by comparing the comprehensive curative effect of diabetic retinopathy， traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome score， corrected visual acuity， fundus changes， fundus fluorescence angiography， and other curative effect indexes before and after treatment in the two groups. At the same time， general examination， laboratory examination， and adverse events were performed to evaluate the safety of the drug.ResultThe baseline demographic data and disease characteristics of the treatment group and the control group were balanced and comparable， with the difference not statistically significant. After 12 weeks of treatment， the total effective rate of the comprehensive curative effect of diabetic retinopathy in the treatment group （61.0%， 189/310） was better than that in the control group （44.1%， 45/102）， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=8.880， P<0.01）. The total effective rate of TCM syndromes in the treatment group （88.4%， 259/293） was better than that in the control group （69.9%， 65/93）， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=17.927， P<0.01）. The disappearance rate of dry eyes （χ2=8.305）， dull complexion （χ2=4.053）， lassitude （χ2=10.267）， shortness of breath （χ2=8.494）， and dry stool （χ2=8.657） in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group， and the difference between the groups was statistically significant （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In terms of improving corrected visual acuity （χ2=8.382）， fundus changes （χ2=6.026） ， the treatment group was significantly better than the control group （P<0.05）. During the trial， the incidence of adverse events in the treatment group and the control group was 1.3% and 2.9%， respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups. In addition， there were no serious adverse events and adverse events leading to withdrawal in both groups.ConclusionTongluo Mingmu capsules can improve the comprehensive curative effect of diabetic retinopathy and enhance the efficacy of TCM syndromes， visual acuity， fundus changes， and fundus fluorescein angiography， with great safety. Therefore， it can provide a new alternative therapeutic drug for patients with diabetic retinopathy.关键词：Tongluo Mingmu capsules;diabetic retinopathy;randomized and double-blind;multi-center;clinical trials
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo clarify the differences in the efficacy and mechanism of different processed products of Atractylodes chinensis rhizoma by the pharmacodynamics and metabolomics studies of raw， bran-fried and rice water-processed products on rats with spleen deficiency.MethodSixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， raw product group（3.75 g·kg-1）， bran-fried product group（3.75 g·kg-1）， rice water-processed product group（3.75 g·kg-1） and Shenling Baizhusan group（6.7 g·kg-1）， with 10 rats in each group. The method of excessive fatigue+improper diet was used to establish a spleen deficiency model in rats. After the end of modeling， except for the blank and model groups， each dosing group was given the corresponding drug suspension， the immune organ coefficients of each group of rats were examined， the levels of interleukin-6（IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， immunoglobulin G（IgG）， amylase（AMS）， motilin（MTL）， gastrin（GAS）， Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase（ATPase）， aquaporin 2（AQP2）， AQP3 and AQP8 in rats were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） combined with orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to search for biomarkers in the plasma samples of spleen-deficient rats by using two criteria［P<0.05 and variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1］， and to compare the different modulatory effects of the three decoction pieces on the splenic-deficient biomarkers， and metabolic pathway analysis was conducted through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） database.ResultCompared with the blank group， the thymus index and spleen index of rats in the model group were significantly decreased（P<0.05）， the levels of IL-6， TNF-α， IgG and AQP2 were significantly increased（P<0.05）， the levels of AMS， GAS， MTL， AQP3， AQP8 and Na+-K+-ATPase were significantly decreased（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， raw products， bran-fried products and rice water-processed products all increased thymus index and spleen index（P<0.05）， decreased IL-6， TNF-α， IgG and AQP2 levels（P<0.05）， and increased AMS， GAS， MTL， AQP3， AQP8 and Na+-K+-ATPase levels to different degrees. A total of 176 differential metabolites were screened in the model group compared with the blank group， of which 75， 72 and 84 biomarkers were called back by the raw products， bran-fried products and rice water-processed products， respectively（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Raw products of A. chinensis rhizoma mainly affected glycine， serine and threonine metabolism. Bran-fried products mainly affected alanine， aspartate and glutamate metabolism， D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism. Rice water-processed products mainly affected glycine， serine and threonine metabolism， alanine， aspartate and glutamate metabolism， citrate cycle， thiamine metabolism， D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism.ConclusionRaw products， bran-fried products and rice water-processed products of A. chinensis rhizoma all have good spleen strengthening effects， among which the effects of bran-fried products and rice water-processed products were stronger. Meanwhile， raw products has the strongest dryness， followed by bran-fried products， and the weakest dryness of rice water-processed products. The three decoction pieces are able to significantly modulate metabolic abnormalities in spleen-deficient rats， and the mechanism may be related to amino acid metabolism such as glycine， serine and threonine metabolism as well as alanine， aspartate and glutamate metabolism.关键词：Atractylodes chinensis rhizoma;bran-fried;rice water processing;processing of traditional Chinese medicine;pharmacodynamics;metabolomics;ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the impact of Gegen Qinliantang（GQT） on the fecal short-chain fatty acids（SCFAs） metabolism in antibiotic-associated diarrhea（AAD） through targeted metabolomics.MethodA total of 240 SD rats were randomly divided into six groups（n=40， half male and half female）， including blank group， model group， bifidobiogen group（0.15 g·kg-1）， and GQT high-， medium-， and low-dose groups（10.08， 5.04， 2.52 g·kg-1）， except for the blank group， clindamycin（250 mg·kg-1） was given to all groups by gavage for modeling every day for 7 d. After successful modeling， each administered group was gavaged with the corresponding dose of the drug， and the blank and model groups were gavaged with an equal volume of normal saline solution， 1 time/d， for 14 d. At 0， 3， 7， 14 d after the drug intervention， eight rats were randomly selected from each group， respectively. Gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（GC-TOF-MS） was used to perform targeted metabolomic analysis of SCFAs in the feces of rats， and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） was applied to compare the differences in metabolic profiles between groups at different treatment times， and to compare the changes in the contents of SCFAs in rat feces between groups.ResultPLS-DA results showed that the blank group could be clearly distinguishable from the model group， with GQT exhibiting a closer proximity to the blank group after 7 d of treatment. After further analyzing the composition of SCFAs， it was found that the proportion of acetic acid increased and the proportions of butyric acid， valeric acid， hexanoic acid and isovaleric acid decreased in the model group compared with the blank group. After the treatment with GQT， the proportions of butyric acid， isobutyric acid， valeric acid， and isovaleric acid increased， and the proportions of acetic acid， propionic acid and caproic acid decreased. Subsequent differential analysis revealed that GQT could significantly improve the content of butyric acid， and had a certain retrogressive effect on the contents of valeric acid and hexanoic acid.ConclusionThe medium dose group of GQT can improve the contents of SCFAs in AAD feces after 7 days of treatment， which may be related to the improvement of the composition ratio of SCFAs and the contents of butyric acid， valeric acid and caproic acid.关键词：Gegen Qinliantang;antibiotic-associated diarrhea;metabonomics;short-chain fatty acids;butyric acid;valeric acid;gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（GC-TOF-MS）
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo discriminate the age of Arisaema Cum Bile， the combination of headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） was applied to explore the differences of volatile components of unfermented， 1-year fermented， 2-year fermented， and 3-year fermented Arisaema Cum Bile.MethodSamples with different fermentation durations were collected and HS-SPME-GC-MS technology was employed to detect the volatile components of each sample. The relative contents of detected volatile components were processed and analyzed by chemometrics methods such as principal component analysis （PCA）， hierarchical cluster analysis （HCA）， and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）.ResultThe results showed that 145 volatile components were identified. Among these volatile components， the relative contents of heterocyclic， alcohols， aldehydes and aromatics were high. PCA， HCA， and PLS-DA can effectively separate Arisaema Cum Bile with four different ages. Based on variable importance in projection （VIP） value > 1， 73 markers of differential volatile components were identified. The content of 2，6，11-trimethyldodecane and m-xylene in unfermented samples was the highest， and the content difference between them and those in fermented samples was significant （P<0.05）. 2，3-butanediol was detected only in 1-year samples， octane was detected only in 2-year samples， and ethyl heptanoate was detected only in 3-year samples. These components can be used as odor markers for Arisaema Cum Bile with different fermentation years.ConclusionThe identification method of volatile components of Arisaema Cum Bile was established by HS-SPME-GC-MS technology， which can realize the rapid identification of unfermented， 1-year fermented， 2-year fermented， and 3-year fermented samples， and provide a scientific basis for the standardization of processing technology and quality standards of Arisaema Cum Bile.关键词：Arisaema cum Bile;headspace solid-phase microextraction;gas chromatography-mass spectrometry;volatile components;fermentation years
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发布时间：2024-03-04 -
Historical Evolution and Key Information Research on Pediatric Famous Classical Formula Yigongsan AI导读
摘要：Yigongsan is derived from Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue written by QIAN Yi in the Northern Song dynasty， which is the No. 3 formula in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas（The Second Batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） in September 2022， and it can be developed as a class 3.1 new TCM drug. By referring to ancient medical books and modern literature， this study conducted herbal textual research on Yigongsan from five aspects， including historical evolution， origin and processing， dosage conversion， usage and preparation methods， and functional application， then formed the key information table of this formula， in order to provide reference for the development of reference samples and preparations of Yigongsan. Based on the results of the study， it is recommended that Panax ginseng should be removed the basal part of stem（rhizoma）， Poria cocos should be removed the peel， Citrus reticulata should be cut into shreds and Glycyrrhiza uralensis should be used. According to 4.13 g/Qian（钱）， 1 g/slice for ginger， 3 g for each jujube and 300 mL/Zhan（盏）， the doses of Ginseng Radix， Poria， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， Jujubae Fructus were 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 5， 6 g， and the total amount was 19.26 g. The decocting method was to crush the medicinal materials into fine powder with 50-80 mesh， add 300 mL of water and decoct to 210 mL for each dose， then remove the dregs and take it warmly. This formula was recorded in ancient books as the main treatment for the cold-deficiency of spleen and stomach， and Qi stagnation in children with vomiting and diarrhea and lack of appetite. It has been flexibly applied by later generations of physicians， and is often used to treat anorexia， inflammation of the digestive tract， diarrhea and other diseases in children.关键词：famous classical formulas;textual research on prescription;Yigongsan;Si Junzitang;historical evolution;decocted powders of traditional Chinese medicine;pediatric diseases- 52
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：As a Chinese saying goes， "good Chinese medicinal material makes good medicine"， the quality of Chinese herbal medicines is related to the development prospect of Chinese medicine industry in China. With the rapid development of new technologies such as traceability methods and monitoring instruments， it is imperative to integrate and innovate traditional Chinese herbal medicines with new-generation information technology in view of the quality problems existing in the current production and circulation of Chinese herbal medicines， and it is of great significance for the construction of traceability system to ensure the quality and safety of Chinese herbal medicines and to promote the industry of Chinese herbal medicines to move towards high-quality development. This paper reviews the development history of the traceability system of Chinese herbal medicines in China， takes the influencing factors of the quality of Chinese herbal medicines as the entry point， and proposes that the construction of the traceability system should satisfy the traceability requirements of the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicines and their traditional medication experience. By analyzing the influencing factors of the quality of Chinese herbal medicines， it is pointed out that focusing on the influencing factors to build a traceability system is of great significance for targeting the problematic links at a later stage and exploring the interrelationship between environmental factors and the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. Based on the previous explorations， the author summarizes the system framework， functional modules and practical applications of the traceability system of Chinese herbal medicines， and looks forward to the development of a traceability system with risk early warning function and expert decision-making function in its functional development. Finally， based on the factors affecting the quality of Chinese herbal medicines， the author puts forward several thoughts on construction of the traceability system， and makes an in-depth analysis and puts forward a solution for the current situation that a unified， standardized and universal traceability system has not yet been built， with a view to providing ideas and references for the construction of traceability system of Chinese herbal medicines.关键词：Chinese herbal medicine;quality control;traceability system;information technology;system framework;function development;quality critical factors
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：As the pace of society increases and lifestyles change， the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer continue to rise. Targeted therapies are now promising in the treatment of breast cancer， and a variety of protein targets have been identified to play an important role in the development of breast cancer. Among them， signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） proteins constitute a crucial group that serves as important targets for transducing cellular transcriptional information， which can regulate downstream cell proliferation， apoptosis， cell migration， invasion， angiogenic factors， etc. and then affect the progression of breast cancer. The STAT family is closely associated with the inflammatory response to tumors and plays a landmark role in tumor development as well as in diagnosis and prognosis. The "inflammation-cancer" transformation refers to the process in which the inflammatory microenvironment caused by uncontrolled inflammation promotes normal cells to become cancerous. According to the theory of Chinese medicine， "heat toxicity" in "cancer toxicity" corresponds to inflammation， which is closely related to tumor development. As a major link associated with the inflammatory response， the STAT family has a promising role in the development and treatment of a variety of tumors， but its relevance to breast cancer remains inadequately explored. Chinese medicine has been shown to have good efficacy in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer， and some current studies have shown that the active ingredients and compounds of Chinese medicine have certain intervention effects on breast cancer-related STAT proteins， but there has not been a systematic review. In order to better sort out and summarize the studies on the effects of Chinese herbal medicines based on the STAT family interventions in breast cancer， this paper reviewed the studies on Chinese herbal medicines acting on the STAT family in recent years， aiming to provide new ideas for clinical applications in breast cancer and to provide thoughts for the development of STAT protein-based drugs.关键词：signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT）;breast cancer;traditional Chinese medicine;inflammation-cancer transformation;Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT） pathway
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：Refractory angina is characterized by recurrent and persistent angina with a duration of not less than three months， which is related to reversible ischemia and hypoxia caused by coronary stenosis and obstruction. It mainly involves obstructive coronary artery disease and non-obstructive coronary artery disease with coronary artery spasm and coronary microvascular dysfunction. “Stasis and toxin” play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The pathogenesis of stasis and toxin is stubborn filthy turbidity featured by slow accumulation and sudden onset，and rapid changes，which coincides with the characteristics of refractory angina which is complex and changeable，prolonged and difficult to cure. The pathogenesis of refractory angina involves a combination of underlying deficiency and excessive manifestation， with "stasis and toxin" playing a crucial role as an important pathological factor in the whole process of refractory angina. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） employs a holistic approach known as "activating blood circulation and removing toxins"， which is supplemented by various methods to tonify Qi and warm Yang， nourish the kidneys and invigorate the spleen， clear heat and transform phlegm. This approach applies anti-inflammatory measures， regulates lipid metabolism， inhibits oxidative stress and thrombus formation， protects endothelial function in blood vessels， as well as establishes collateral circulation for the prevention and treatment of refractory angina. Therefore，based on the theory of "stasis and toxin"，combined with TCM theory and modern medical research，this paper discusses the pathogenesis of refractory angina and the prevention and treatment strategy of TCM，and elucidates the reasons for the difficulty in curing refractory angina and the relationship between refractory angina and common angina pectoris，coronary microvascular dysfunction，coronary artery spasm and obstructive coronary artery disease，hoping to provide certain theoretical basis and clinical ideas for the prevention and treatment of refractory angina with TCM.关键词：refractory angina;theory of stasis and toxin;coronary microvascular dysfunction;coronary artery spasm;the method of activating blood circulation and removing toxins
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：Threatened abortion is a common disease of obstetrics and gynecology and one of the diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The China Association of Chinese Medicine organized experts in TCM obstetrics and gynecology， Western medicine obstetrics and gynecology， and pharmacology to deeply discuss the advantages of TCM and integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment as well as the medication plans for threatened abortion. After discussion， the experts concluded that chromosome， endocrine， and immune abnormalities were the key factors for the occurrence of threatened abortion， and the Qi and blood disorders in thoroughfare and conception vessels were the core pathogenesis. In the treatment of threatened abortion， TCM has advantages in preventing miscarriages， alleviating clinical symptoms and TCM syndromes， relieving anxiety， regulating reproductive endocrine and immune abnormalities， personalized and diversified treatment， enhancing efficiency and reducing toxicity， and preventing the disease before occurrence. The difficulty in diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with traditional Chinese and Western medicine lies in identifying the predictors of abortion caused by maternal factors and the treatment of thrombophilia. Recurrent abortion is the breakthrough point of treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. It is urgent to carry out high-quality evidence-based medicine research in the future to improve the modern diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with TCM.关键词：threatened abortion;disease responding specifically;integrated Chinese and western medicine;expert advice
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：Insulin resistance （IR） is an important pathological and physiological mechanism of type 2 diabetes （T2DM）， and the treatment of IR has become the key to the prevention and treatment of T2DM. IR is a state of insensitivity or reduced sensitivity of insulin-stimulated tissue cells to glucose， resulting in cells that are unable to efficiently take up glucose in the bloodstream and thus causing hyperglycemia. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） is an energy-sensing enzyme that can regulate multiple metabolic pathways and maintain the stability of adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in the cell. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has played an increasingly important role in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. The research on exploring the AMPK signaling pathway of TCM intervention in the progress of T2DM has gradually increased. Many pharmacological studies have shown that TCM has advantages such as safety and high efficiency in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. AMPK signaling pathway is one of the key pathways for the active ingredients of TCM and TCM extracts to improve IR. Active ingredients such as phenols， flavonoids， polysaccharides， alkaloids， and saponins， as well as other herbal extracts can improve IR by activating the AMPK signaling pathway cascade response， thereby improving IR by regulating glucolipid metabolism， inhibiting inflammatory response， anti-oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Based on this， this paper reviews the pharmacological and experimental research results of TCM intervening the AMPK signaling pathway to improve IR in recent years， expecting to provide reference for further research， development and application of TCM in intervening IR and treating T2DM.关键词：adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathway;insulin resistance;traditional Chinese medicine
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：Enzymes are widely used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries because of their advantages of high efficiency and specificity. However， the shortcomings of the free enzymes， such as poor stability and difficulty in recycling， limit their application. Therefore， the immobilization and application of enzymes have become one of the research hotspots. The selection of the immobilization carriers is a critical step in the process of enzyme immobilization. Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）， a kind of porous materials， are formed by the coordination of metal ions or metal clusters with organic ligands. As an emerging immobilization carrier， its advantages such as high porosity， strong stability， and surface modifiability make it ideal for immobilized enzyme carriers. By immobilizing the free enzyme on MOFs， the above mentioned deficiencies of the free enzymes can be effectively solved， which greatly broaden the applicable condition. Ligand fishing is a method to find receptor-specific ligands from complex components， which has the advantages of high efficiency， simple sample pretreatment and high specificity. The MOF-enzyme complex formed by enzyme immobilization can act as a "fishing rod" for ligand fishing， which can screen out the targets from the complex system of components. The complex chemical composition and various active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） make the ligand fishing technology to play a big role in the screening of enzyme inhibitors from TCM. And the screened enzyme inhibitors are expected to be further developed into the lead compounds with good efficacy and low adverse effects， so the immobilized enzymes of MOFs have a wide application in the screening of active ingredients from TCM. Based on this， this paper summarized the methods of immobilized enzymes of MOFs in recent years， analyzed the characteristics， advantages and disadvantages of each method， and summarized the laws of preparation conditions and mechanisms. Meanwhile， the application and future development of immobilized enzymes of MOFs in the field of enzyme inhibitor screening from TCM were also summarized and prospected， with a view to providing a reference for the development of natural ingredients and the modernization of TCM.关键词：metal-organic framework;enzyme immobilization;ligand fishing;enzyme inhibitor;traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）;research progress
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发布时间：2024-03-04 -
Anti-cancer Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Regulating Cellular Senescence： A Review 增强出版 AI导读
摘要：In recent years， the incidence and mortality rates of cancer have been increasing， posing a serious threat to human health. Western medicine mainly uses treatments such as surgical resection， chemotherapy， immunotherapy and targeted therapy， but they are prone to complications， drug resistance and adverse reactions. A growing number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine has obvious advantages in the treatment of cancer， reducing the recurrence rate of cancer and improving the quality of survival of patients. Cellular senescence refers to a state of irreversible cell cycle growth arrest when cells cease to proliferate after a limited number of divisions， resulting in a decline in cell proliferation and differentiation capacities and physiological functions， accompanied by morphological changes such as flattening and multinuclear morphology. At the molecular level， it shows increased expression of DNA damage-related genes， reduced expression of cell cycle-related factors and significant secretory activity. The malignant development of cancer is closely related to cellular senescence. With the increasing number of cancer cell proliferation， cancer-related genes undergo continuous mutations， freeing them from cellular senescence and thus achieving unlimited proliferation. Through recent studies， it has been found that induction of tumor cell senescence， possibly through modulation of cellular DNA damage， cell cycle arrest and senescence-associated secretory phenotype （SASP）， which converts the suppressive immune tumor microenvironment to an activated immune tumor microenvironment and thus reverses the escape of tumor cell senescence， is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. However， the mechanism of cellular senescence in cancer progression is not fully understood， especially the anti-cancer role played by traditional Chinese medicine in regulating cellular senescence. This article summarized and concluded the specific molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence， the role of cellular senescence in cancer progression， and the mechanism of anti-cancer effects of traditional Chinese medicine based on cellular senescence from the perspective of regulating cellular senescence， with a view to providing ideas and methods for the anti-cancer effects of traditional Chinese medicine and the development of new drugs.关键词：cell senescence;cancer;traditional Chinese medicine;tumor microenvironment;Cell factor- 51
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：Liver failure （LF） is a great trouble to the majority of patients due to its severe onset， many complications， difficult treatment， poor prognosis and other characteristics. This disease is liver injury caused by infection， hepatotoxic substances， autoimmunity， circulation disorders and other factors. It is a group of common clinical symptoms mainly manifested by coagulation disorders， jaundice， hepatic encephalopathy， ascites， and so on. In traditional Chinese medicine， it falls under the categories of "tympanites"， "jaundice" and other diseases. At present， the research progress of Western medicine in the treatment of LF is slow， and its clinical application effect is still not ideal. In contrast， traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in the treatment of this disease， with over thousands of years of clinical practice and verification. It is characterized by exact efficacy and fewer side effects. The pathological mechanism of LF is extremely complex， involves a variety of signaling pathways， and is mainly related to inflammation， oxidative stress， liver fibrosis， cell apoptosis and other processes. In recent years， many studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine can intervene in the occurrence and development of LF by mediating relevant signaling pathways in vivo， but there is still a lack of relevant summary. Therefore， this review summarized several signaling pathways related to the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in LF by referring to and sorting out relevant literature worldwide， including nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， transforming growth factor-β/ drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic proteins （TGF-β/Smads）， and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 （Nrf2/HO-1）， and elaborated the specific mechanism of their intervention in LF. This paper aims to provide practical and effective pathways and corresponding mechanisms for the treatment of LF by traditional Chinese medicine， and to provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of LF and further scientific research.关键词：liver failure;traditional Chinese medicine;signaling pathway;pathological mechanism;inflammatory response;oxidative stress;summary
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：Cognitive impairment refers to the abnormality of the hippocampus， cortex and other parts of the brain， which is manifested by the decline of cognitive abilities such as learning， memory and attention. With the increase in people's work pressure and bad living habits， the incidence of cognitive impairment is getting higher and higher， which seriously affects people's normal life. However， there are adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal reactions and extrapyramidal reactions in Western drug treatment for cognitive impairment. Therefore， the development of a drug with relatively minimal adverse reactions is of great significance. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has the characteristics of "multi-component， multi-pathway and multi-target"， and the incidence of adverse reactions is relatively low. Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment is closely related to oxidative stress， inflammation， apoptosis， autophagy and other processes of neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）-protein kinase B （Akt） signal pathway plays an important role in the transmission of intracellular and intracellular signals， and in the regulation of cellular inflammation， apoptosis， autophagy， etc. TCM monomers， TCM extracts， and TCM compounds exert anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， anti-apoptotic and autophagy regulation effects by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to improve cognitive impairment. This review first summarized the composition and regulatory process of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， and then discussed the research progress on the improvement of cognitive impairment through the improvement of oxidative stress， inflammation， apoptosis and autophagy of neurons. Finally， the recent research status of the regulation of this signaling pathway by TCM extracts， TCM monomers and TCM compounds to improve cognitive impairment was summarized. This study provides a theoretical basis for the future study of new TCM related to cognitive impairment.关键词：phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）-protein kinase B （Akt） signal pathway;cognitive impairment;traditional Chinese medicine
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发布时间：2024-03-04 - 摘要：Bladder cancer （BCa） is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system， and its incidence is increasing year by year. At present， for all patients with resectable non-metastatic muscle-invasive BCa， radical cystectomy + bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection is strongly recommended， but they still face the risk of recurrence， metastasis and death. In recent years， the proportion of patients with advanced and metastatic BCa is increasing among patients with newly diagnosed BCa. Although current treatment models are diverse， they often struggle to achieve significant efficacy due to their low effectiveness and adverse effects， resulting in low survival rates for patients with advanced and metastatic BCa. Therefore， the treatment of BCa still faces great challenges， and there is an urgent need to discover an effective new antitumor drug. With the improvement of medical standards， traditional Chinese medicine has shown great advantages in the treatment of BCa. Traditional Chinese medicine is mild and easy to accept， and can inhibit tumor progression through a multi-pathway， multi-way and multi-target manner， so as to exert its anticancer effect. Taraxaci Herba is a medicinal and food homologous plant， which has many biological activities， such as antibacterial， anti-inflammatory， anti-oxidation， anti-tumor， protecting liver and gallbladder， reducing blood sugar and enhancing immunity， and it has shown a clear anticancer effect in breast cancer， liver cancer， gastric cancer， tongue cancer and lung cancer. By reviewing previous studies worldwide， this article summarizes the mechanism of Taraxaci Herba extract in inducing autophagy and apoptosis， inhibiting cell migration and invasion， regulating cell cycle and proliferation， regulating cell metabolism， inhibiting tumor angiogenesis， combining the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs， and regulating the transduction of related signal pathways. On this basis， this study systematically elaborates on the potential mechanism of Taraxaci Herba against BCa， in order to provide a theoretical basis for the research and treatment of BCa.关键词：Taraxaci Herba;bladder cancer;urinary system;anticancer effect;mechanism of action
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发布时间：2024-03-04
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