最新刊期
卷 32 ， 期 9 ， 2026
- “洗心汤对阿尔茨海默病大鼠的治疗研究取得新进展，专家通过实验验证了洗心汤可调节AQP4极性分布，改善认知功能，减轻病理损伤，为临床治疗提供了科学依据。”摘要：ObjectiveThis paper aims to investigate the effects of Xixintang on aquaporin-4 （AQP4） polarity distribution， blood-brain barrier （BBB） function， and neuroinflammationin rats with Alzheimer's disease （AD）， thereby revealing the potential mechanism through which this formula protects the BBB by regulating AQP4 polarization. The aim is to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment.MethodsSixty Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a probiotic group， a donepezil group， and an Xixintang group. The model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose （D-Gal） combined with bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β25-35 （Aβ25-35）. The probiotic group （30.85 mg·kg-1）， donepezil group （0.88 mg·kg-1）， and Xixintang group （1.174 g·kg-1） received daily gavage administration， while the normal and model groups received intragastric administration with an equal volume of normal saline for one month. Cognitive ability was assessed by using the Morris water maze. BBB permeability was detected via Evans blue extravasation. The contents of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， amyloid-β1-42 （Aβ1-42）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the hippocampal tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein expressions of zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1）， occludin， tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 （TIMP-1）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and AQP4 in the hippocampal tissues were detected by western blot. The expression and co-localization levels of Aβ1-42， ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （IBA1）， and AQP4/platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 31 （CD31） in the hippocampal region were examined by immunofluorescence.ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited a significant decline in cognitive ability （P<0.01） and a marked increase in Evans blue extravasation in the brain （P<0.01）. The expressions of ZO-1， occludin， and TIMP-1 were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while the expressions of AQP4 and MMP-9 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The co-localization level of AQP4/CD31 was significantly reduced （P<0.01）， and the expressions of Aβ1-42， IL-6， TNF-α， and IBA1 were significantly elevated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Xixintang group showed significant improvement in cognitive ability （P<0.01） and a significant reduction in Evans blue extravasation in the brain （P<0.01）. The expressions of occludin， TIMP-1， and ZO-1 were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the expressions of AQP4 and MMP-9 were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The co-localization level of AQP4/CD31 was significantly enhanced （P<0.01）， and the expressions of Aβ1-42， IL-6， TNF-α， and IBA1 were significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionXixintang may improve cognitive function and alleviate AD pathology in AD model rats by regulating AQP4 polarity distribution， thereby breaking the vicious cycle of "Aβ deposition-neuroinflammation-BBB damage" and restoring the homeostasis of the microenvironment in the brain.关键词：Alzheimer's disease;blood-brain barrier;amyloid-β1-42 （Aβ1-42）;aquaporin-4 （AQP4）;Xixin decoction27|28|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- 摘要：ObjectiveThis paper aims to analyze the damage degree of muscle tone in rats with spasticity of cerebral apoplexy （SCA） and the expression of Nestin and β-catenin in the M1 region of the cerebral cortex， thereby investigating the action mechanism of different doses of Shaoyao Gancaotang on rats with SCA.MethodsThe rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a positive control group （baclofen， 5.25 mg·kg-1）， and low， medium， and high-dose groups of Shaoyao Gancaotang （2.1， 4.2， 8.4 g·kg-1）， with nine rats in each group. A rat model with SCA was established by using a modified phrenic nerve block combined with intraventricular injection of anhydrous ethanol. Following behavioral scoring to confirm model validity， drug interventions were conducted. Neurological deficits and muscle tone were evaluated by behavioral assessments. The open field test was used to measure locomotor distance. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to examine the synaptic structures. Skeletal muscle adenosine triphosphate （ATP）ase staining was used to analyze myofibrillar changes. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the histomorphological changes. Immunohistochemistry， Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and Western blot were employed to detect mRNA levels and protein expressions of Nestin and β-catenin in the M1 region of the cerebral cortex.ResultsCompared with the blank group， rats in the model group exhibited significantly increased neurological deficit scores （P<0.01）， markedly elevated muscle tone scores （P<0.01）， substantially reduced locomotor distance （P<0.01）， prominent structural swelling and blurring， severe destruction of cerebral cortical cells， a significant increase in the proportion of skeletal muscle ATPase type Ⅰ fibers （P<0.01）， a significant decrease in mRNA levels and protein expression of Nestin （P<0.01）， and a significant increase in mRNA levels and protein expression of β-catenin （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Shaoyao Gancaotang group exhibited reduced neurological deficit scores and muscle tone scores in rats with SCA （P<0.01） and increased locomotor distance （P<0.01）. Transmission electron microscopy revealed clearer and more intact synaptic structures in the rats from the Shaoyao Gancaotang group， with increased vesicle numbers and improved morphology. HE staining revealed intact neuronal cell structures with regular arrangement and reduced vacuolated cells in the rats from Shaoyao Gancaotang. ATPase staining result indicated a decreased proportion of type Ⅰ muscle fibers in the rats from the Shaoyao Gancaotang group （P<0.01）. Real-time PCR results demonstrated increased mRNA expressions of Nestin and β-catenin in the rats from the Shaoyao Gancaotang group （P<0.01）. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses indicated elevated protein expressions of Nestin and β-catenin in rats with SCA from the Shaoyao Gancaotang group （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionShaoyao Gancaotang may improve neurological function impairment and limb spasticity in model rats with SCA by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the cerebral cortex M1 region.关键词：Shaoyao Gancaotang;stroke;limb spasticity;neural stem cell;cell differentiation23|16|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “乌梅丸通过调控脂肪酸代谢重编程抑制结直肠癌发生发展，为CRC防治提供新实验依据”摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Wumeiwan suppresses the development and progression of colorectal cancer（CRC） through the regulation of fatty acid metabolic reprogramming， thereby providing new experimental evidence for the prevention and treatment of CRC.MethodsA total of 120 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， Wumeiwan high-， medium-， and low-dose groups（54， 27， 13.5 g·kg-1）， and the mesalazine group（0.01 g·kg-1）， with 20 mice in each group. Except for the blank group， all mice were subjected to azoxymethane（AOM）/dextran sulfate sodium（DSS） treatment to establish an inflammation-associated CRC model. One week after AOM injection， mice in the treatment groups received intragastric administration of the designated drugs， while the blank and model groups received an equal volume of purified water， continuing until 20 d after the intervention endpoint. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe colonic histopathological alterations， and immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） was performed to evaluate neovascularization and tumor invasion. Metabolomics combined with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） and metabolite set enrichment analysis（MSEA） was applied to identify key CRC-related metabolic pathways， which were further validated by transcriptomic Gene Ontology（GO） enrichment and gene heatmap analysis. Subsequently， Western blot was performed to determine the expression levels of core proteins in these pathways， and immunofluorescence was used to analyze their localization and co-expression patterns in tissues， thereby elucidating the mechanism of Wumeiwan from multiple biological dimensions.ResultsCompared with the blank group， mice in the model group exhibited a significant decrease in body weight and a significant increase in the disease activity index（DAI） score（P<0.05）， with pronounced colonic mucosal damage accompanied by aggravated tumor invasion. Compared with the model group， Wumeiwan intervention markedly improved body weight loss and reduced DAI score， attenuated mucosal injury， and significantly decreased VEGF expression level（P<0.05）. Multi-omics analysis revealed that differential metabolites and genes across groups were commonly enriched in fatty acid metabolism， fatty acid biosynthesis， and other lipid-related pathways. Relative to the blank group， the model group showed significant upregulation levels of fatty acid synthesis-related genes， including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1（SREBP1）， fatty acid synthase（FASN）， stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1（SCD1）， as well as saturated fatty acids（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， treatment with Wumeiwan significantly reduced the expression of key genes involved in fatty acid metabolic pathways， including SREBP1， FASN， and SCD1（P<0.05）. Western blot results further confirmed that proteins in this pathway were significantly elevated in the model group， whereas they were markedly downregulated following Wumeiwan treatment（P<0.05）. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated enhanced co-localization of SREBP1 with the cancer-associated fibroblast（CAF） marker α-smooth muscle actin（SMA） in the model group， whereas this co-localization signal was attenuated after Wumeiwan intervention（P<0.05）.ConclusionWumeiwan can improve survival outcomes and alleviate colonic pathological damage in CRC mice， its therapeutic mechanism may be closely associated with the regulation of fatty acid metabolic reprogramming mediated by the SREBP1/FASN/SCD1 signaling pathway.关键词：Wumeiwan;colorectal cancer;fatty acid metabolic reprogramming;cancer-associated fibroblast;transcriptomics;metabonomics;tumor microenvironment;sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1/fatty acid synthase/stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1（SREBP1/FASN/SCD1） signaling pathway23|20|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- ““”这段话，专家通过研究加味四逆散对慢性应激大鼠的影响，发现其能改善肠黏膜屏障功能，为相关疾病治疗提供新思路。”摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of modified Sini San in ameliorating intestinal mucosal barrier by observing its effects on short chain fatty acids （SCFAs） and high mobility group protein B1 （HMGB1）/receptor of advanced glycation end products （RAGE） signaling pathways in chronic stress rats.MethodsThe 50 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group，model group，low-dose modified Sini San group （7.34 g·kg-1·d-1），high-dose modified Sini San group （14.68 g·kg-1·d-1），and Fructo-oligosaccharides group （3.15 g·kg-1·d-1），with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group，all other groups were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress/social isolation to create a chronic stress model for 6 weeks. After 4 weeks of modeling，each treatment group was given corresponding drugs by gavage for 2 weeks while modeling. The control group and model group were given the same volume of physiological saline. The effects of Modified Sini San on behaviors，body weight，Bristol score in feces and fecal moisture content in chronic stress rats were observed. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the cecum. The content of SCFAs in the cecal contents of rats were detected by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of HMGB1/RAGE pathway related proteins in cecal tissue. The levels of ZO-1，Occludin，and Claudin-1 in the cecal tissue were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）.ResultsCompared with the model group，the sucrose preference rate，total distance traveled and the number of grid crossings in the open field test of rats in the low-dose modified Sini San group were obviously increased （P<0.05， P<0.01），and the immobility time in the open field test and the immobility time in the forced swimming test of rats in the low-dose and high-dose modified Sini San groups were obviously reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Meanwhile，the Bristol score and fecal moisture content of rats in the low and high dose groups of modified Sini San were obviously increased （P<0.05）. The low-dose group of modified Sini San had intact mucosal layer structure in the cecal tissue and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells. The content of SCFAs in the cecal contents increased，with a obviously increase in the content of acetic acid，propionic acid，butyric acid，and isovaleric acid （P<0.05， P<0.01） and the expression levels of HMGB1，RAGE，Toll-like receptor 2（TLR2），Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），and nuclear factor kappa-B p65（NF-κB p65） proteins in cecal tissue were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in low-dose group of modified Sini San. Meanwhile，the contents of ZO-1，Occludin，and Claudin-1 in the cecal tissue were obviously increased （P<0.01） in low-dose group of modified Sini San.ConclusionModified Sini San can improve the function of intestinal mucosal barrier in chronic stress rats by increasing the content of SCFAs in the intestine and inhibiting the HMGB1/RAGE pathway.关键词：modified Sini San;chronic stress;short-chain fatty acids;high mobility group protein B1 （HMGB1）/ receptor of advanced glycation end products （RAGE） signaling pathway;intestinal mucosal barrier13|12|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “参桂降糖方改善糖尿病小鼠胰岛素抵抗及糖脂代谢紊乱，其机制与PI3K/Akt/FoxO1信号通路相关，为糖尿病治疗提供新思路。”摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Shengui Jiangtang Formula on insulin resistance and glucose-lipid metabolism in spontaneous type 2 diabetic db/db mice based on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/forkhead box protein O1 （FoxO1） signaling pathway， and to provide theoretical foundation for its clinical application through fundamental experiments.MethodsA randomized controlled design was employed in this study. Thirty spontaneous type 2 diabetic db/db mice meeting the inclusion criteria （fasting blood glucose >7.0 mmol·L-1 and random blood glucose on a different day≥11.1 mmol·L-1） were selected as the subjects. After stratified block randomization by body weight and blood glucose levels， they were randomly assigned to a model group， a metformin group， and a Shengui Jiangtang formula group， with n=10 per group. Ten db/m mice were used as the normal group. During the 5-week intervention， general indicators （including general condition， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， body weight， and food intake） were recorded weekly. An oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed at week 5. After 5 weeks， serum was collected to measure glucose-lipid metabolism parameters. Liver tissues were analyzed as follows： Histopathology was observed through hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining， periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining， and Oil red O staining. The expression of proteins and genes related to the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway was quantitatively analyzed using Western blotting （Western blot） and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）.ResultsGeneral observations： The mice in the normal group were generally healthy， exhibited agile responses and had smooth and glossy fur. Compared with the normal group， the mice in the model group displayed typical symptoms of polydipsia， polyphagia， and polyuria， along with listlessness and rough fur. Their food intake， initial body weight， liver weight， and liver index were all significantly higher than those in the normal group （P<0.01）. After 5 weeks of drug intervention， neither the Shengui Jiangtang Formula group nor the metformin group significantly affected the food intake of the model mice. Compared with the model group， no statistically significant difference was observed in liver weight or liver index in the Shengui Jiangtang formula group. Serum biochemical indicators： Compared with the normal group， the model group showed significantly elevated levels of FBG， fasting insulin， homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）， glycosylated serum protein， and blood lipids. After drug intervention， compared with the model group， the Shengui Jiangtang formula group significantly reduced FBG in the model mice （P<0.01）. The blood glucose levels at all time points during the OGTT in the Shengui Jiangtang Formula group were lower than those in the model group， with statistically significant differences in the 0 min blood glucose and the area under the curve for glucose compared to the model group （P<0.05）. Furthermore， the formula significantly reduced fasting insulin levels， HOMA-IR， and glycosylated serum protein levels （P<0.05）. It also showed a tendency to decrease blood lipids， liver enzymes （aspartate aminotransferase， alanine aminotransferase）， and blood urea nitrogen levels， and a tendency to increase creatinine levels， although these differences were not statistically significant. Liver histomorphology： HE staining indicated that Shengui Jiangtang formula improved the morphological structure of hepatocytes and attenuated steatosis in diabetic mice. Liver PAS staining showed that it increased hepatic glycogen content and promoted hepatic glycogen synthesis in diabetic mice. Oil red O staining demonstrated that it reduced lipid deposition within hepatocytes. Western blot： Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased protein expression of PI3K， Akt， p-Akt， and p-FoxO1， and increased FoxO1 protein expression. Compared with the model group， both the metformin and Shengui Jiangtang Formula groups showed increased protein expression of PI3K， Akt， p-Akt， and p-FoxO1， and decreased FoxO1 protein expression. Real-time PCR： Compared with the normal group， the mRNA expression of PI3K and Akt was downregulated （P<0.05）， and the mRNA expression of FoxO1 was downregulated （P<0.05） in the model group.ConclusionShengui Jiangtang Formula can improve insulin resistance and glucose-lipid metabolic disorders in db/db mice. It alleviates hepatic steatosis， promotes hepatic glycogen synthesis， and reduces lipid deposition in these mice. The mechanism by which Shengui Jiangtang Formula improves insulin resistance may be associated with the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway.关键词：Shengui Jiangtang formula;type 2 diabetes mellitus;glucose-lipid metabolism;insulin resistance;phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/ forkhead box protein O1 （PI3K/Akt/FoxO1） signaling pathway14|12|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “专家通过AMPK/Nrf2通路探讨糖痹康颗粒改善糖尿病周围神经病变机制，为糖尿病神经病变治疗提供新思路。”摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Tangbikang granules improve diabetic peripheral neuropathy based on ferroptosis mediated by the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （AMPK/Nrf2） signaling pathway.MethodsA diabetes model was established using spontaneous male Zucker diabetic fatty （ZDF） rats. After successful modeling， the rats were divided into a normal group， a model group， high-， medium-， and low-dose Tangbikang granules groups， and a metformin hydrochloride group. The high-， medium-， and low-dose Tangbikang granules groups were administered by gavage at doses of 2.5， 1.25， 0.625 g·kg-1， respectively. The metformin hydrochloride group received 0.135 g·kg-1 by gavage， while the remaining groups received an equal volume of deionized water. Administration continued for 12 weeks. Blood glucose levels were measured after administration， and at 4， 8， 12 weeks. Following the 12-week intervention， the thermal pain threshold and the sciatic nerve conduction velocity （SNCV） were measured. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in the sciatic nerve were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Morphological changes in the sciatic nerve were observed using hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining， and the ultrastructural changes were examined using transmission electron microscopy. The levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPx4） were detected using immunofluorescence （IF） assay. The protein expression levels of p-AMPK， Nrf2， GPx4， and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 （ACSL4） were detected using Western blot.ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group had significantly higher blood glucose levels after administration and at weeks 4， 8 and 12 （P<0.01）. The thermal pain threshold was significantly prolonged （P<0.01）， and the SNCV was significantly slowed down （P<0.01）. The SOD and ATP levels significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while the MDA levels significantly increased （P<0.01）. Pathologically， the sciatic nerve fibers in the model group showed a dispersed structure， disordered and sparse arrangement， axonal atrophy， irregular myelin sheath halo， increased and swollen Schwann cell nuclei， obvious endoneurial fibrosis， and collagen hyperplasia. Immunofluorescence assay revealed fragmented red fluorescence and significantly reduced expression of GPx4 （P<0.01）. Western blot analysis showed significantly decreased protein expression levels of p-AMPK， Nrf2， and GPx4 （P<0.01）， and significantly increased expression of ACSL4 （P<0.01） in the model group. Compared with the model group， fasting blood glucose level decreased significantly in the high-dose Tangbikang granules group at weeks 4 and 12 （P<0.05）. The thermal pain threshold was significantly shortened in the high- and medium-dose Tangbikang granules groups （P<0.01）. The SNCV was significantly accelerated in the high- and medium-dose Tangbikang granules groups （P<0.01）. The SOD levels were significantly elevated in the high-dose Tangbikang granules group （P<0.01）. The MDA levels significantly decreased in all Tangbikang granules groups （P<0.01）. Both the metformin hydrochloride group and the high-dose Tangbikang granules group exhibited relatively orderly and densely arranged sciatic nerve fibers with more regular myelin sheath halos. The GPx4 expression significantly increased in both the metformin hydrochloride group and all Tangbikang granules groups （P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of p-AMPK， Nrf2， and GPx4 were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while ACSL4 protein expression significantly decreased （P<0.01）.ConclusionTangbikang granules may improve peripheral neuropathy by suppressing ferroptosis through the regulation of the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway.关键词：Tangbikang granules;ferroptosis;diabetic peripheral neuropathy;adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）;nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）11|12|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “中医药在糖尿病足溃疡治疗领域取得新进展，专家们引入“系统干预”视角，深入研究中医药如何打破“炎症-氧化应激”恶性循环，为难愈性创面管理提供新思路。”摘要：Diabetic foot ulcer （DFU） is one of the most severe and costly complications of diabetes， with its refractory nature largely attributed to the persistent vicious cycle of inflammation and oxidative stress. Conventional single-target therapeutic strategies often fail to effectively break this cycle. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， leveraging its unique philosophy of ''holistic regulation and multi-target intervention''， has demonstrated significant advantages in promoting DFU healing. This review introduced a ''systemic intervention'' perspective to systematically elucidate how TCM， through multi-component synergistic networks， precisely deconstructs and intervenes in this pathological loop. Firstly， this study provided an in-depth analysis of how， under hyperglycemic conditions， the crosstalk between the nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome pathways， the imbalance in macrophage polarization and the disruption of redox homeostasis interact to form a self-sustaining vicious cycle that impedes wound repair. Subsequently， the core content systematically discussed the strategies by which TCM breaks this deadlock： （1） Active ingredients from single herbs （e.g.， luteolin and astragaloside Ⅳ） can precisely modulate key nodes such as the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） and TLR4/NF-κB pathways， thereby suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. （2） Classical compound formulas （e.g.， Simiao Yong'an decoction and Taohong Siwu decoction） synergistically improve microcirculation and the immune microenvironment through multi-component cooperation. （3） External preparations （e.g.， Shengji Yuhong Ointment and Jinhuang powder） potently exert local anti-inflammatory and pro-repair effects by activating pathways such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 （Nrf2/HO-1）. Collectively， these three modalities embody a synergistic mechanism characterized by ''internal treatment modulating the internal milieu to address the root cause， and external treatment targeting the lesion to alleviate symptoms''.” Existing clinical evidence has confirmed that the aforementioned multi-target interventions can effectively promote healing and improve symptoms. However， this field still faces persistent challenges， including an unclear material basis for the efficacy of compound formulas， and insufficient standardization in quality control and clinical protocols. These challenges stem from the inherent tension between the complex systems-based characteristics of TCM and the requirements of modern standardization. Future efforts urgently require to leverage cutting-edge technologies， such as network pharmacology， spatial multi-omics， and artificial intelligence to propel the paradigm shift in the prevention and treatment of DFU with TCM from ''empirical multi-target approaches'' toward ''precise systems regulation''. This will provide a theoretical foundation for developing innovative strategies for managing difficult-to-heal wounds based on an integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine approach.关键词：diabetic foot ulcer;inflammation-oxidative stress axis;traditional Chinese medicine treatment;multi-target regulation;wound healing;molecular mechanism9|10|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “介绍了糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）领域的研究进展，专家们发现中药单体及复方通过调控Nrf2信号通路，可从抑制氧化应激、减轻炎症反应等多方面参与维持血视网膜屏障完整性、抑制视网膜新生血管生成及神经变性，从而延缓DR进程，为DR的防治提供了新的研究思路。”摘要：Diabetic retinopathy （DR） is a microvascular complication of diabetes and one of its most common complications. Prolonged hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress， inflammatory responses， apoptosis， and pathological angiogenesis， ultimately disrupting the blood-retinal barrier（BRB） and leading to visual impairment or even blindness. Recent studies show that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of DR's pathological changes. Meanwhile， Chinese herbal monomers have been shown to modulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway， thereby intervening in the development of DR. In terms of inhibiting oxidative stress， saponin compounds such as platycodin-D and ginsenoside Rb1 downregulate the expression of malondialdehyde （MDA）， thereby ameliorating retinal oxidative stress. Flavonoids such as total flavonoids from Pueraria lobata flower and puerarin upregulate the expression of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GPx）， effectively clearing lipid peroxides. Regarding the suppression of inflammation， phenolic compounds like resveratrol and chlorogenic acid inhibit the nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） pathway， reducing the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α） and mitigating inflammatory responses. In the context of inhibiting apoptosis， polysaccharides such as Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide downregulate the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） and suppress the activity of the executioner Caspase-3， thereby reducing the apoptosis rate. As for the inhibition of neovascularization， compounds including bilobalide and physcion significantly decrease the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， leading to a reduction in retinal pathological angiogenesis. Furthermore， Chinese herbal compound prescriptions such as Tongluo Zhujing pills， Yiqi Huoxue Yangyin decoction， Qiming granules， and Danlou tablets can also intervene in the onset and progression of DR through the mechanisms described above. In summary， both Chinese herbal monomers and Chinese herbal compound prescriptions can modulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway to inhibit oxidative stress， alleviate inflammation， and participate in maintaining BRB integrity， suppressing retinal neovascularization， and preventing neurodegeneration， thereby delaying the progression of DR. Therefore， this paper reviews and summarizes recent studies at home and abroad on how traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） works to treat DR， and the relationship between the Nrf2 pathway and DR. It aims to provide research ideas for preventing and treating DR.关键词：diabetic retinopathy;nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway;Chinese herbal monomers;Chinese herbal compound prescriptions;research progress10|9|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “专家运用现代技术从肝损伤、抗骨质疏松活性及化学成分3个维度系统阐释盐炙补骨脂减毒存效的内涵，为传统炮制方法研究开辟新方向。”摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of salt processing of Psoraleae Fructus （PF） through modern analytical techniques and biotechnology， focusing on its effects related to hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity.MethodsThe zebrafish model was utilized to evaluate the impact of PF and salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus （SPF） on the hepatotoxicity （using 134.17 ， 178.89， 268.34 mg·L-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of PF， 135.04， 180.06， 270.08 mg·L-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of SPF， respectively） and anti-osteoporotic activity （using 33.54 ， 67.08 and 134.17 mg·L-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of PF， 33.76， 67.52， 135.04 mg·L-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of SPF， respectively）， which was using alizarin red skull staining of zebrafish as an indicator of different batches of PF. The specific dosage of a batch of PF was taken as an example. Then ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） analysis was employed to identify the chemical composition of PF before and after salt processing， and PCA， OPLS-DA， and independent sample t-test were used to elucidating the compositional changes associated with the effects of salt processing on hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity.ResultsUnder specific conditions， PF induced notable hepatotoxicity in zebrafish while simultaneously demonstrating protective effect against prednisolone-induced osteoporosis. In comparison to PF， SPF showed alleviated hepatotoxicity while retaining significant anti-osteoporosis activity. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis revealed that after salt processing， the overall chemical composition of PF showed a downward trend， with 69 components showing a decrease in content， represented by psoralen， and 13 components showing an increase， represented by 4′-O-methyl psoralen B. Further multivariate statistical analysis revealed 11 key differential components before and after salt processing of PF， including psoralen and bakuchiol.ConclusionSalt processing effectively diminishes hepatotoxicity without impairing therapeutic efficacy against osteoporosis of PF， which may be related to the compositional changes before and after salt processing of PF and provides key evidence to reveal the scientific significance of salt processing of PF.关键词：Psoraleae Fructus;salt processing;zebrafish;hepatotoxicity;anti-osteoporosis activity21|32|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “专家以铜死亡/氧化应激途径为切入点，研究两仪膏对高脂饮食自然衰老小鼠肝脏脂质沉积的影响及机制，为干预相关疾病提供新思路。”摘要：ObjectiveTaking the cuproptosis/oxidative stress pathway as the entry point， this study investigated the effect and mechanism of Liangyi Paste on hepatic lipid deposition in naturally aged mice fed with a high-fat diet.MethodsAfter adaptive feeding， 80 ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were used. Thirty of them were randomly divided into three groups （10 mice per group）： The 12-month-old control group （12MCON）， the 15-month-old control group （15MCON）， and the 15-month-old group with a high-fat diet （15MHFD）. The 12MCON and 15MCON groups were continuously fed a standard diet， while the 15MHFD group started receiving a high-fat diet at 12 months of age. Tissue samples were collected at the corresponding time points for each group. The remaining 50 mice were randomly divided into five groups （10 mice per group）： the 20-month-old control group （20MCON）， the model group， and the low-， medium-， and high-dose Liangyi Paste groups （2.91 ， 5.82 ， 11.64 g·kg-1·d-1， respectively）. The 20MCON group was continuously fed a standard diet， while the other groups started receiving a high-fat diet at 15 months of age. At 18 months of age， the Liangyi Paste groups were administered the corresponding doses of Liangyi Paste by gavage， while the 20MCON and model groups were given an equal volume of saline by gavage. After 8 weeks of continuous gavage （when the mice reached 20 months of age）， tissue samples were collected. Hepatic TG levels were measured using assay kits； liver histology and lipid deposition were observed via hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and oil red O staining； reactive oxygen species （ROS） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）； Cu2+， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） levels were measured by colorimetry； mRNA and protein expression of genes related to cuproptosis and oxidative stress pathways were analyzed by Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Wes automated protein expression system.ResultsCompared with 12MCON， the 15MCON group showed significantly increased hepatic TG， Cu2+， ROS， and MDA levels （P<0.01）， decreased SOD （P<0.01）， hepatocyte swelling， and disordered arrangement. The mRNA and protein levels of ferredoxin 1 （FDX1）， dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase （DLAT）， heat shock protein 70 （HSP70）， dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase （DLD）， pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit-β （PDHB）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） were significantly elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with 15MCON group， the 15MHFD and 20MCON groups exhibited further increases in TG， Cu2+， ROS， and MDA （P<0.01）， reduced SOD （P<0.01）， and aggravated hepatocyte swelling and disorder. There were increased lipid droplets with mild vacuolization in the 15MHFD group， and no significant lipid deposition was observed in the 20MCON group. FDX1， DLAT， HSP70， DLD， PDHB， Nrf2， and PPARγ mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with 20MCON group， the model group demonstrated markedly elevated TG， Cu2+， ROS， and MDA （P<0.01）， reduced SOD （P<0.01）， severe hepatic steatosis， and upregulated expression of FDX1， DLAT， HSP70， DLD， PDHB， Nrf2， and PPARγ mRNA and proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）. All abnormalities were significantly reversed after Liangyi Paste treatment.ConclusionLiangyi paste can ameliorate hepatic lipid deposition in naturally aged mice with a high-fat diet by modulating the cuproptosis/oxidative stress pathway.关键词：Liangyi Paste;cuproptosis;oxidative stress;natural aging;hepatic lipid deposition20|12|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “研究了通脑饮对急缺血性脑卒中小鼠的作用机制，专家通过建立小鼠脑缺血损伤模型，发现通脑饮可调节PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β信号通路，促进血管新生，改善脑缺血损伤。”摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms of Tongnao decoction （TND） in mice with acute ischemic stroke （AIS）.MethodsFifty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a sham operation group， model group， TND low-dose group （1.86 g·kg-1）， TND high-dose group （3.72 g·kg-1）， and butylphthalide （NBP） group （10 mg·kg-1）， with 10 mice in each group. A mouse model of cerebral ischemic injury was established using photochemical thrombosis （PT）. The sham operation group and model group were administered an equal volume of normal saline by gavage. All five groups were treated once daily for 14 consecutive days. Behavioral tests were performed before modeling and at the end of administration. T2-weighted imaging （T2WI） was performed 3 days after modeling to evaluate the extent of injury. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe histological changes in the cerebral cortex， and Nissl staining was used to observe neuronal morphology. Cerebral blood flow in mice was detected using a laser speckle contrast imaging （LSCI） system. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the cell proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU） and the highly glycosylated type I transmembrane glycoprotein CD34. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt）， glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β）， and their phosphorylation levels， as well as tight junction-related proteins zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1）， Occludin， and Claudin-5 in the peri-infarct tissue. Thirty-five zebrafish were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， TND low and high dose groups （0.16， 0.32 g·L-1） and NBP group （10 μmol·L-1）， with 7 in each group. A stereoscopic fluorescence microscope was used to observe vascular growth in zebrafish.ResultsImaging showed that PT caused ischemia in the right cortical region. Behavioral tests indicated that， compared with the model group， the drug-treated groups reduced the error rate of irregular balance ladder climbing on the affected side and shortened the tape removal time （P<0.05）. HE staining and Nissl staining showed that， compared with the model group， the drug-treated groups exhibited reduced brain tissue damage， fewer scars， and improved neuronal morphology. LSCI results showed that the drug-treated groups partially restored cerebral blood perfusion and promoted the establishment of collateral circulation compared with the model group. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that the drug-treated groups increased the positive rates of BrdU and CD34 compared with the model group （P<0.01）， promoting angiogenesis. Meanwhile， compared with the model group， the drug-treated groups upregulated the expression levels of p-PI3K， p-Akt， p-GSK-3β， and tight junction proteins ZO-1， Occludin， and Claudin-5 （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and increased the number of intersegmental vessels in zebrafish （P<0.05，P<0.01）.ConclusionTND can promote angiogenesis around the infarct in PT model mice by regulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway， thereby improving cerebral ischemic injury.关键词：Tongnao decoction;acute ischemic stroke;neurofunctional recovery;phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt）/glycogen synthase kinase-3β（GSK-3β）;photothrombosis15|9|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “化瘀解毒方对缺糖缺氧损伤脑微血管内皮细胞有保护作用，或通过激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路实现。”摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Huayu Jiedu prescription on brain microvascular endothelial cells （BMECs） after oxygen-glucose deprivation （OGD） injury and to explore its intervention mechanisms.MethodsThe cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to determine the optimal OGD duration and the effective concentration of Huayu Jiedu prescription-containing serum. Cells were randomly divided into the blank serum medium group （KBXQ）， model group （OGD）， HYXQ group （OGD + Huayu Jiedu prescription-containing serum）， and 3-methyladenine （3-MA） group （OGD + 3-MA）. Cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope. The numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis rate was detected using the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） assay. The expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3） and Occludin were detected by immunofluorescence. The permeability of the cell monolayer was also measured. Cells were further randomly divided into the KBXQ group， model group （OGD）， HYXQ group， phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase （PI3K） inhibitor （LY294002） group （OGD + LY294002）， and HYXQ + LY294002 group （OGD + Huayu Jiedu prescription-containing serum + LY294002）. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of the autophagy-related key molecule yeast Atg6 homolog 1 （Beclin1）， LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， selective autophagy adaptor protein （p62）， Occludin， phosphorylated （p）-PI3K， PI3K， phosphorylated protein kinase B （p-Akt）， Akt， phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin （p-mTOR）， and mTOR.ResultsOGD for 6 h was selected as the optimal modeling condition， and 5% was determined as the optimal volume fraction of Huayu Jiedu prescription-containing serum. Compared with the KBXQ group， the model group showed obvious cell damage under the inverted microscope， and transmission electron microscopy revealed markedly increased numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Cell viability was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， apoptosis rate was significantly increased （P<0.01）， LC3 fluorescence intensity was significantly increased （P<0.01）， Occludin fluorescence intensity was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and monolayer permeability was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， cell damage in the HYXQ group and the 3-MA group was significantly improved， the numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes were markedly reduced， cell viability was significantly increased （P<0.01）， apoptosis rate was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， LC3 fluorescence intensity was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， Occludin fluorescence intensity was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and monolayer permeability was reduced （P<0.05）. Western blot results showed that， compared with the KBXQ group， the model group exhibited significantly increased expression of Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ （P<0.01）， while the expression levels of p62， Occludin， p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， and p-mTOR/mTOR were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the HYXQ group showed significantly decreased expression of Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ （P<0.01） and significantly increased expression of p62， Occludin， p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， and p-mTOR/mTOR （P<0.01）. In the LY294002 group， Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ expression were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， whereas the expression levels of p62， Occludin， p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， and p-mTOR/mTOR were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the LY294002 group， the HYXQ + LY294002 group showed significantly decreased expression of Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ （P<0.01） and significantly increased expression of p62， Occludin， p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， and p-mTOR/mTOR （P<0.01）.ConclusionHuayu Jiedu prescription has a protective effect on BMECs after OGD injury， which may be achieved by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR autophagy-related signaling pathway and inhibiting excessive autophagy， thereby protecting Occludin protein expression and endothelial barrier function.关键词：brain microvascular endothelial cells;autophagy;Huayu Jiedu prescription;phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）;protein kinase B （Akt）11|8|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “专家基于AMPK/Akt/GSK-3β信号通路，探讨六黄止渴方对2型糖尿病小鼠血糖调控作用及机制，为糖尿病治疗提供新思路。”摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the regulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of Liuhuang Zhike prescription （LHZK） on blood glucose in type 2 diabetic db/db mice based on the AMP-activated protein kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β （AMPK/Akt/GSK-3β） signaling pathway.MethodsDb/db mice were used as the model animals， and db/m mice served as the blank control. Forty db/db mice were randomly divided into the model group， metformin group （0.14 g·kg-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （4.11， 8.21， 16.43 g·kg-1） LHZK groups， with 8 mice in each group. The db/db mice in the metformin and LHZK groups were administered the corresponding drugs by gavage， while the blank control and model groups were given distilled water by gavage once daily for 8 consecutive weeks. Food intake， water consumption， body weight， and fasting blood glucose （FBG） were measured weekly. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine glycated serum protein （GSP）， serum triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） levels. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological morphological changes in the liver and pancreatic tissues. Oil red O staining was used to assess lipid accumulation in liver tissue. The anthrone colorimetric method was used to determine hepatic glycogen content. Real-time quantitative PCR （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 （IRS-1）， Akt2， phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase （PEPCK）， and glucose-6-phosphatase （G6Pase） in liver tissue. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of AMPKα， phosphorylated AMPKα （p-AMPKα）， GSK-3β， p-GSK-3β， glycogen synthase （GS）， and phosphorylated GS （p-GS） in liver tissue.ResultsCompared with the blank control group， the model group showed significantly increased food intake， water consumption， body weight， FBG， and GSP levels （P<0.01）. Pancreatic islets exhibited marked parenchymal cell hyperplasia and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. Liver tissue showed obvious steatosis， accompanied by a compensatory increase in hepatic glycogen content （P<0.01）. Hepatic G6Pase mRNA expression was increased， while IRS-1 and Akt2 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The p-AMPKα/AMPKα protein expression ratio showed a decreasing trend， whereas the p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β and p-GS/GS protein expression ratios were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， food intake and water consumption showed decreasing trends in all treatment groups. Food intake was significantly reduced in the low- and high-dose LHZK groups and in the metformin group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and water consumption was significantly reduced in the low-dose LHZK group and in the metformin group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. No statistically significant differences in body weight were observed among the LHZK groups， whereas body weight in the metformin group was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. FBG showed a decreasing trend in all treatment groups， with significant decreases in the low-dose LHZK group and the metformin group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. GSP levels were significantly reduced in the low-dose LHZK group and in the metformin group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Hepatic steatosis and pancreatic pathological injury were alleviated to varying degrees in all treatment groups. Hepatic glycogen content further increased in all treatment groups， with significant increases in the medium- and high-dose LHZK groups （P<0.05）. Real-time PCR results showed that all treatment groups downregulated the mRNA expression of G6Pase and PEPCK in the liver tissues of db/db mice， with significant downregulation of PEPCK mRNA in the low-dose LHZK and metformin groups （P<0.01）. Meanwhile， all treatment groups upregulated IRS-1 and Akt2 mRNA expression， with the most pronounced upregulation observed in the medium-dose LHZK group （P<0.01）. The p-AMPKα/AMPKα protein expression ratio was significantly increased in the low- and medium-dose LHZK groups （P<0.01）. The p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β protein expression ratio was significantly increased in all treatment groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）， whereas the p-GS/GS protein expression ratio was significantly decreased in all treatment groups （P<0.01）.ConclusionLHZK effectively reduces FBG and GSP levels in type 2 diabetic mice and improves hepatic steatosis and pancreatic islet pathological injury. Its hypoglycemic mechanism may be associated with regulation of the AMPK/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway and promotion of hepatic glycogen synthesis.关键词：Liuhuang Zhike prescription;type 2 diabetes mellitus;db/db;glycogen synthesis;AMP-activated protein kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β （AMPK/Akt/GSK-3β）16|6|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “专家研究发现黄芪多糖可调节特定信号通路，减轻神经炎症反应，为相关疾病治疗提供新思路。”摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Astragali Radix polysaccharides （APS） on the polarization of BV2 microglial cells in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD/R） model through regulation of the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway.MethodsThe OGD/R injury model of BV2 microglia was established and divided into blank group， OGD/R group and APS group （0.4 g·L-1 APS）. Neuroinflammatory injury was induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and treated with APS. The cells were divided into blank group， LPS group （1 mg·L-1 LPS） and APS group （0.4 g·L-1 APS+1 mg·L-1 LPS）. Cell viability was detected using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. Cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope. Nitric oxide （NO） content in the cell supernatant was determined by the Griess assay. The secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-6， IL-10， and IL-4 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Immunofluorescence （IF） was used to detect the double-positive rates of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1/inducible nitric oxide synthase （Iba-1+/iNOS+） and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1/arginase 1 （Iba-1+/Arg1+）， as well as the nuclear translocation rate of nuclear factor-κB p65 （NF-κB p65）. Protein expression levels of Iba-1， iNOS， Arg1， TLR4， and NF-κB p65 were detected by Western blot.ResultsIn the OGD/R injury model， compared with the blank control group， BV2 microglial cells in the OGD/R group were activated and exhibited amoeboid morphological changes. The secretion levels of NO， TNF-α， and IL-6 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The double-positive expression rate of Iba-1+/iNOS+ and the protein expression of Iba-1 and iNOS were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The nuclear translocation rate of NF-κB p65 and the protein expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The levels of IL-10 and IL-4 were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the double-positive expression rate of Iba-1+/Arg1+ and Arg1 protein expression were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the OGD/R group， the APS group （0.4 g·L-1） showed reduced cell activation， significantly decreased secretion levels of NO， TNF-α， and IL-6 （P<0.01）， significantly decreased double-positive expression rate of Iba-1+/iNOS+ and relative protein expression of Iba-1 and iNOS （P<0.01）， significantly decreased nuclear translocation rate of NF-κB p65 and protein expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）， significantly increased levels of IL-10 and IL-4 （P<0.01）， and significantly increased double-positive expression rate of Iba-1+/Arg1+ and Arg1 protein expression （P<0.01）. In the LPS-induced neuroinflammation model， compared with the blank control group， the LPS group showed increased cell activation， significantly increased levels of NO， TNF-α， and IL-6， significantly increased Iba-1+/iNOS+ double-positive expression rate， NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation rate， and protein expression levels of Iba-1， iNOS， TLR4， and NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）， while IL-10 and IL-4 levels， Iba-1+/Arg1+ double-positive expression rate， and Arg1 protein expression were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the LPS group， the APS group showed reduced cell activation， significantly decreased levels of NO， TNF-α， and IL-6， Iba-1+/iNOS+ double-positive expression rate， NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation rate， and protein expression levels of Iba-1， iNOS， TLR4， and NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）， while IL-10 and IL-4 levels， Iba-1+/Arg1+ double-positive expression rate， and Arg1 protein expression were significantly increased （P<0.01）.ConclusionAPS may reduce microglial activation and promote their polarization toward the M2 phenotype by inhibiting activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway， thereby alleviating the neuroinflammatory response induced by OGD/R.关键词：Astragali Radix polysaccharides （APS）;oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model;BV2 microglial cells;lipopolysaccharide （LPS）;Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway8|11|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “专家通过实验验证了北苍术挥发油微乳对抑郁症的治疗作用，为新型抗抑郁药物研发提供了新思路。”摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of Atractylodes chinensis volatile oil microemulsion in relieving depression， thus establishing a theoretical foundation and a new approach for developing it as a novel adjunctive antidepressant.MethodsSixty SD male rats were assigned into four groups： control， model （chronic unpredictable mild stress）， positive drug （flupentixol hydrochloride， 1.8 mg·kg-1）， and low-， medium-， high-dose （16.2， 32.4， 64.8 mg·kg-1） A. chinensis volatile oil microemulsion. The sucrose preference test， open field test， tail suspension test， and forced swimming test were conducted to measure the sucrose preference rate， total exercise distance， average speed， resting time， tail suspension time， and swimming immobility time before and after treatment. The morphology of the rat brain tissue was visualized by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， norepinephrine （NE）， and cortisol （CORT） in the hippocampal tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA level differences of cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）， protein kinase A （PKA）， cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein （CREB）， brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， and tyrosine kinase B （TrkB） in the hippocampus. Western blot was employed to assess protein level variations of cAMP， PKA， CREB， BDNF， and TrkB in the same tissue samples.ResultsCompared with that in the blank group， the body mass of rats in low-， medium-， high-dose A. chinensis volatile oil emulsion groups decreased （P<0.05）， indicating that the modeling was successful. Compared with the model group， medium-， high-dose A. chinensis volatile oil emulsion shortened the tail suspension time， swimming immobility time， and resting time （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while increasing the sucrose preference rate， total exercise distance， and average speed （P<0.01）. No significant changes were observed in the low-dose A. chinensis volatile oil emulsion group. ELISA results indicated that CORT concentrations in the hippocampal tissue of medium and high-dose A. chinensis volatile oil emulsion groups decreased （P<0.01）. In the high-dose group， 5-HT and NE concentrations increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while they had no significant changes in the low-dose group. Real-time PCR results revealed that the mRNA levels of cAMP， PKA， and CREB in the hippocampus of the medium-dose Beicangzhu volatile oil emulsion group increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and those of cAMP， PKA， CREB， BDNF， and TrkB were upregulated in the high-dose Beicangshu volatile oil microemulsion group （P<0.01）. Western blot and immunofluorescence results demonstrated that the protein levels of cAMP， PKA， and TrkB in the hippocampal tissue of the low-dose A. chinensis volatile oil microemulsion group were up-regulated （P<0.05）. The medium-dose Beicangzhu volatile oil emulsion group exhibited increases in protein levels of cAMP， PKA， BDNF， and TrkB （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the high-dose group showed elevationsin protein levels of cAMP， PKA， CREB， BDNF， and TrkB （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionBeicangzhu volatile oil emulsion demonstrates certain antidepressant efficacy by inhibiting CORT expression， upregulating the expression of 5-HT， NE， cAMP， PKA， CREB， BDNF， and TrkB， activating the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway to improve the cerebral protection.关键词：Atractylodes chinensis;volatile oil microemulsion;depression;cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein （CREB）/brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） signaling pathway;gene expression23|12|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “专家研究发现黄精多糖可改善去卵巢阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠的认知和情绪功能，其机制与调控雌激素受体α/磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路及抑制神经炎症、氧化应激和细胞凋亡有关。”摘要：ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effectiveness and mechanisms of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides （PRP） on improving cognitive and emotional functions in the ovariectomy （OVX）-Alzheimer's disease （AD） model rats.MethodsAfter being randomly divided into blank group， model group， estradiol group （0.18 mg·kg-1·d-1）， low-PRP group （200 mg·kg-1）， medium-PRP group （400 mg·kg-1）， and high-PRP group （800 mg·kg-1）， 60 SPF female Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were subjected to OVX. One week later， vaginal smear examination as well as D-galactose intraperitoneal injection （150 mg·kg-1·d-1， once daily， for eight weeks） were adopted to establish the OVX-AD model， and drug intervention was initiated nine weeks after surgery. Upon completion of the treatment course， cognitive and emotional functions， as well as hippocampal CA3 region damage were assessed in all rats by open-field test， new object recognition test， Morris water maze test， and transmission electron microscopy. Indicators of inflammation ［interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor-necrosis-factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β））， oxidative-stress （superoxide-dismutase （SOD）， glutathione-peroxidase （GSH-Px）］ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and biochemical methods. The mRNA and protein expression levels of estrogen-receptor α （ERα）/phosphoinositide 3kinase （PI3K）/protein-kinase-B （Akt） signaling pathway， apoptosis ［Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 （Bcl-2）］ and the indicators of pathological sedimentary proteins ［amyloid β-protein1-42 （Aβ1-42）， microtubule-associated protein Tau， phosphorylated site 404 of microtubule-associated protein Tau ［p-Tau （Ser404）］ were detected by using real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and western blot analysis.ResultsCompared with those in blank group， the rats in model group exhibited marked ultra-structural damage to hippocampal CA3 neurons， along with the reduction of activity time and shuttle frequency in central area， the index and exploration frequency of new object recognition， and the platform crossings and time spent in target quadrant， as well as the prolonged latency （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Furthermore， the contents and expression levels of IL-6， TNF-α， IL-1β， Bax， Aβ1-42， Tau， and p-Tau （Ser404） were significantly increased， and the activity and expression of SOD， GSH-Px， ERα， PI3K， Akt， and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared to those in model group， the rats in estradiol group and groups with different doses of PRP noticeably presented with amelioration of neuronal damage， along with increased activity time and shuttle frequency in the central zone， elevated new object recognition index and exploration frequency， shortened latency， prolonged activity time， and increased platform crossings in the target quadrant （P<0.05， P<0.01）. What is more， the contents and expression levels of IL-6， TNF-α， IL-1β， Bax， Aβ1-42， Tau， and p-Tau （Ser404） were significantly reduced， whereas the activity and expression levels of SOD， GSH-Px， ERα， PI3K， Akt， and Bcl-2 were markedly elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）.ConclusionPRP can improve the cognitive and emotional functions of AD model rats， and its mechanisms are probably related to modulating the ERα/PI3K/Akt pathway as well as inhibiting Aβ， Tau， neuro-inflammation， oxidative stress， and apoptosis， resulting in alleviation of neuronal damage.关键词：Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharide;Alzheimer's disease;cognitive dysfunction;estrogen-receptor α （ERα）/phosphoinositide 3kinase （PI3K）/protein-kinase-B （Akt） signaling pathway20|11|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- 摘要：SkinPro Ointment is an emulsion-based preparation derived from a traditional Tibetan medical empirical formula and developed using modern pharmaceutical technology. It is an exclusive patented product of Tibet Hairong Tangguo Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and has been listed as a National Protected Traditional Chinese Medicine Variety， the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China， and classified as a Category B product in the National Basic Medical Insurance Catalog. The ointment possesses the functions of clearing heat and drying dampness， activating blood circulation and dispelling wind， relieving itching and reducing inflammation. Clinically， it is used for skin pruritus caused by dampness-heat accumulation or blood-heat with wind-dryness， as well as pruritic skin diseases such as neurodermatitis， eczema， tinea pedis， and psoriasis. To clarify the standards for its clinical application and promote rational drug use， a consensus working group comprising 34 national experts in dermatology， evidence-based medicine， and pharmacy was established. Through expert interviews， the nominal group technique， and questionnaire surveys， 15 clinical issues were identified. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development and Evaluation （GRADE） evidence grading system was employed to assess the quality of evidence， leading to the formulation of the Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of SkinPro Ointment. This consensus specifies that the intended users are physicians and pharmacists in medical institutions at all levels. It standardizes the clinical application of the ointment， including syndrome characteristics， dosage and course of treatment， combination therapy， precautions， and contraindications. Recommendations and consensus suggestions were formed addressing the 15 clinical issues， covering the following key areas： ①Indications and TCM syndromes： In TCM， the ointment mainly treats conditions such as "damp sores" （Shichuang）， "white scaling" （Baibi）， "collar sores" （Shelingchuang）， and "damp foot Qi" （Jiaoshiqi）， corresponding to eczema， psoriasis， neurodermatitis， and tinea pedis in Western medicine. The relevant TCM syndromes are identified as dampness-heat accumulation or blood-heat with wind-dryness. ②Usage and dosage： For external use， apply to the affected area 3 times daily. The dosage should follow the fingertip unit （FTU） principle. A treatment course of 1-2 weeks is recommended for mild to moderate cases； for serious cases， the course should be followed as prescribed by a physician. ③Combined therapy： The ointment can be used as monotherapy for mild cases. For moderate to severe cases， combination therapy is recommended， with reference to relevant clinical guidelines. ④Safety： Common adverse reactions include skin rashes， pruritus， and erythema. The ointment is contraindicated in patients with broken skin or obvious exudation at the affected area， as well as in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of its components. Contact with sensitive areas such as the eyes and oral mucosa should be avoided. Modern research shows that the ointment also has potential efficacy in other dermatological conditions， such as adult atopic dermatitis， tinea cruris， exfoliative keratolysis， acne vulgaris， and Malassezia folliculitis. This consensus provides a scientific basis for promoting the rational clinical use of SkinPro Ointment， improving its therapeutic efficacy， and reducing medication risks. Future updates will be dynamically revised according to emerging clinical issues and new evidence.关键词：expert consensus;SkinPro Ointment;clinical application;dermatology10|9|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the intervention effects of modified Linggui Zhugan Tang （LGZGT） on patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） of the spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction with blood stasis type， reveal its possible mechanisms， and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of OSAHS with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）.MethodsEighty OSAHS patients with spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction with blood stasis were randomly assigned to a control group and an observation group （1∶1） using a random number table， with 40 patients in each group. The control group received standard basic treatment combined with oral Doxofylline tablets， while the observation group received standard basic treatment combined with modified LGZGT. Serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor （MIF）， microRNA-223 （miR-223）， and interleukin-18 （IL-18） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the mRNA expression levels of MIF， miR-223， and IL-18 were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. After two months of treatment， the total clinical efficacy， apnea-hypopnea index （AHI）， lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation （LSpO2）， body mass index （BMI）， TCM syndrome scores， and expression levels of MIF， miR-223， and IL-18 before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Correlations between MIF， miR-223， IL-18 and AHI and LSpO2 were also analyzed.ResultsCompared with the control group， the observation group showed a significantly higher total clinical effective rate （P<0.01， Z=-3.49）. Within the control group， no significant changes were observed in AHI， LSpO2， BMI， TCM syndrome scores， or MIF， miR-223， IL-18 levels and their mRNAs after treatment. In the observation group， AHI， BMI， TCM syndrome scores， and MIF and IL-18 levels and their mRNAs decreased significantly， while LSpO2 increased significantly （P<0.01）. After treatment， compared with the control group， the observation group exhibited significantly lower AHI， BMI， TCM syndrome scores， and MIF and IL-18 levels and their mRNAs， and significantly higher LSpO2 （P<0.01）. Correlation analysis showed that MIF and IL-18 were positively correlated with AHI （P<0.01） and negatively correlated with LSpO2 （P<0.01）， whereas miR-223 was negatively correlated with AHI （P<0.01） and positively correlated with LSpO2 （P<0.01）.ConclusionModified LGZGT may improve OSAHS of the spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction with blood stasis type by reducing airway inflammatory factors， alleviating airway inflammation， relieving airway edema and stenosis， and improving airway obstruction.关键词：modified Linggui Zhugan Tang;obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS）;spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction with blood stasis;inflammatory factors;clinical efficacy10|11|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- ““主客交”理论代表验方芪甲柔肝方联合恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化，显著改善患者肝纤维化程度和中医症状，为肝纤维化治疗提供新思路。”摘要：ObjectiveThis paper aims to investigate and evaluate the staged efficacy and safety of the representative empirical prescription of the “Zhu Ke Jiao” theory， Qijia Rougan prescription， combined with entecavir in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B.MethodsA multicenter randomized controlled clinical study was conducted， and 101 patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B-related hepatic fibrosis （CHB-HF） who met the diagnosis and inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to an observation group （Qijia Rougan prescription + entecavir） and a control group （entecavir）. The treatment duration was 24 weeks. Liver stiffness measurement （LSM）， fibrosis-4 index （FIB-4）， portal vein diameter， hepatitis B serology， biochemical indicators， hepatic fibrosis markers in serum ［hyaluronic acid （HA）， laminin （LN）， procollagen Ⅲ peptide （PⅢP）， and type Ⅳ collagen （Ⅳ-C）］， and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores were used as efficacy evaluation indicators. Efficacy assessments and explorations of different staged subgroups of Qijia Rougan prescription were conducted according to LSM values based on the Metavir pathological staging standard.ResultsA total of 98 cases were included for statistical analysis， with 49 cases in the observation group and 49 in the control group. The general data of the patients in both groups were comparable. Compared with the same group before treatment， the observation group showed a significant reduction in LSM and FIB-4 （P<0.01）， as well as notable improvements in LN， Ⅳ-C， and various TCM syndrome scores （P<0.05， P<0.01）. When compared to the control group after treatment， the observation group demonstrated significant improvements in LSM， FIB-4， and various TCM syndrome score indicators （P<0.05， P<0.01）， indicating that the observation group performed better than the control group. Subgroup analysis of the regression of hepatic fibrosis stages showed that compared to the same group before treatment， the observation group had better improvement in regression of stages F2 and F3 （P<0.05）. When compared to the control group after treatment， the observation group exhibited superior improvement in regression of stage F3 （P<0.05）. No adverse events occurred in either group during the treatment period.ConclusionCompared with entecavir alone， the combination of Qijia Rougan prescription and entecavir significantly improves the degree of hepatic fibrosis and clinical TCM symptoms in patients. The optimal intervention period is primarily during stage F3， which is a potential “interception” point of the “Zhu Ke Jiao” theory.关键词：Qijia Rougan prescription;entecavir;chronic hepatitis B-related hepatic fibrosis （CHB-HF）;multicenter randomized controlled study;staged efficacy19|13|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the differences in clinical features and outcomes between patients with hepatic Wilson's disease （WD） presenting with the syndrome of combined phlegm and stasis and the syndrome of dampness-heat internal accumulation.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted by consecutively recruiting patients with hepatic WD from the Encephalopathy Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine between January 2022 and August 2025. According to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome differentiation， the patients were assigned into a combined phlegm and stasis group and a dampness-heat internal accumulation group. All the patients received standard treatment. Baseline data， laboratory indicators， complications， Model for End-Stage Liver Disease （MELD） score， Child-Turcotte-Pugh （CTP） score， and Chronic Liver Failure-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment （CLIF-SOFA） score were recorded. The clinical features and outcomes of the two groups of patients were compared by t-test， U-test and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 141 patients with hepatic WD were included. The combined phlegm and stasis group comprised 68 patients with an average age of （28.22±10.47） years， including 43 males and 25 females. The dampness-heat internal accumulation group comprised 73 patients with an average age of （30.22±8.79） years， including 44 males and 29 females. Univariate analysis showed no statistically significant differences in age or gender between the two groups. The combined phlegm and stasis group had lower platelet （PLT）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， creatine （CRE）， total cholesterol （TC）， and triglycerides （TG） levels （P<0.05 or P<0.01） and higher total bilirubin （TBIL） and prothrombin time （PT） （P<0.05） than the dampness-heat internal accumulation group. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy， infection， spontaneous bacterial peritonitis， ascites， or gastrointestinal bleeding between the two groups. The incidence of splenomegaly and the MELD score were higher in the combined phlegm and stasis group （P<0.05）. The CTP and CLIF-SOFA scores were also higher in the combined phlegm and stasis group， while these differences were not statistically significant. Eleven patients in the combined phlegm and stasis group and 9 patients in the dampness-heat internal accumulation group developed liver failure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PT （OR=1.794， 95%CI 1.249-2.576）， TBIL （OR=1.111， 95%CI 1.026-1.203）， ALT （OR=1.053， 95%CI 1.004-1.105）， and TCM syndrome （OR=5.420， 95%CI 1.384-21.227） were independent risk factors for the development of liver failure in hepatic WD.ConclusionCompared with the hepatic WD patients with the syndrome of dampness-heat internal accumulation， those with the syndrome of combined phlegm and stasis exhibit severe liver function impairment and disease conditions. Furthermore， TCM syndrome serves as an independent predictive factor for the occurrence of liver failure in patients with hepatic WD.关键词：Wilson's disease;hepatic type;syndrome of dampness-heat internal accumulation;syndrome of combined phlegm and stasis;clinical outcome10|7|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “专家构建了远志质量评价体系，为解决现行质量标准瓶颈提供解决方案。”摘要：ObjectiveTo address the limitations of the current quality standard for Polygalae Radix（PR）， which relies on a single component for quality assessment and struggles to holistically control its intrinsic quality， by constructing a comprehensive quality evaluation system integrating "macro-characterization of chemical profile， synchronous quantification of multiple index components， and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker（QAMS） for key component groups". This study aims to facilitate the scientific revision of the quality standard for PR.MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） characteristic chromatograms were established for 11 batches of PR medicinal materials（YZ）， 10 batches of PR decoction pieces（YP）， and 10 batches of licorice-processed PR decoction pieces（ZYZ）， followed by similarity evaluation and identification of common peaks. HPLC-QAMS was developed for xanthones（sibiricaxanthone B， polygalaxanthone Ⅺ， polygalaxanthone Ⅲ） in the characteristic chromatograms. Simultaneously， the external standard method（ESM） was used to determine the contents of the corresponding xanthones and 3，6'-disinapoyl sucrose in YZ， YP， and ZYZ， followed by multivariate statistical analysis and Spearman correlation analysis.ResultsThe similarity between the characteristic chromatograms of 31 batches of PR samples and the reference chromatogram was>0.9. A total of 13 common peaks were identified， and 10 of these peaks were characterized through reference standard comparison. The successfully constructed QAMS method showed that the relative correction factors（RCFs） of sibiricaxanthone B and polygalaxanthone Ⅺ to polygalaxanthone Ⅲ were 0.76 and 0.88， and their relative retention times（RRTs） were 0.85 and 0.97， respectively. The results calculated by the QAMS method showed no significant difference from those obtained by the ESM. According to the limit standard for polygalaxanthone Ⅲ in the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China（hereinafter referred to as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia）， the pass rate of 31 batches of samples was only 19.35%. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated certain compositional differences between different batches of YZ and YP， as well as between YP and ZYZ， with 3，6'-disinapoyl sucrose identified as the main differentiating component. Furthermore， correlation analysis revealed that the content of polygalaxanthone Ⅲ was positively correlated with the contents of sibiricaxanthone B and polygalaxanthone Ⅺ， but showed no association with the content of 3，6'-disinapoyl sucrose.ConclusionIt is recommended that the content limit for polygalaxanthone Ⅲ in YZ，YP and ZYZ be revised to not less than 0.07%， or the total content of polygalaxanthone Ⅲ， sibiricaxanthone B and polygalaxanthone Ⅺ be not less than 0.18%. The newly established triple quality control model of "holistic control via characteristic chromatograms， precise quantification of oligosaccharide esters， and efficient detection of xanthones by QAMS" provides a systematic and precise solution for quality evaluation of PR and similar Chinese herbal medicines.关键词：Polygalae Radix;quality standards;high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）;quantification;characteristic chromatograms;quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker（QAMS）;xanthones30|35|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “专家以柴胡皂苷D替代胆固醇构建多功能脂质体递送系统，联合姜黄素治疗小鼠皮下肝癌实体瘤，显著提高抗肝癌效果，为抗肝癌研究提供新思路。”摘要：ObjectiveTo construct a multifunctional liposomal delivery system by replacing cholesterol（Chol） in conventional liposomes with saikosaponin D（SSD） and modifying with poloxamer 407（P407） for co-delivery of curcumin（Cur）. The system was evaluated for in vivo tumor targeting and inhibitory effects on mouse subcutaneous solid tumors.MethodsSingle-factor and orthogonal tests combined with information entropy weighting were used to optimize the formulation process of the liposome with encapsulation efficiency and absolute Zeta potential as indexes， and validation studies and liposomal characterization were performed. A subcutaneous solid tumor model was established by injecting H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells subcutaneously into the dorsal surface of the right forelimb of mice. DiR-loaded traditional Chol liposomes（P407-DiR-Chol-LPs， PDCL） and novel SSD-based liposomes（P407-DiR-SSD-LPs， PDSL） were prepared by the optimized formulation process， and tail vein injection was performed to investigate the impact of SSD on liposome tumor targeting with small animal in vivo imaging. Mice were randomly divided into eight groups， including blank group， model group， free doxorubicin（DOX） group（2 mg·kg-1）， free Cur group（8 mg·kg-1）， free SSD group（10 mg·kg-1）， P407-Cur-Chol-LPs（PCCL） group， P407-SSD-LPs（PSL） group， and P407-Cur-SSD-Lps（PCSL） group. Treatments were administered intraperitoneally every other day for seven doses. Antitumor efficacy and biocompatibility were evaluated by monitoring body weight change， organ indices， tumor volume and mass， relative tumor proliferation rate（T/C）， and tumor growth inhibition rate（TGI）. Histopathological analysis of liver， kidney， and tumor tissues was performed using hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase（AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， blood urea nitrogen（BUN）， and creatinine（Crea）in mice were quantified by fully automated biochemical analyzer.ResultsOrthogonal test yielded optimal ratios of Cur， SSD， and P407 to soybean phosphatidylcholine（SPC） as 1∶25， 1∶20， and 1∶4. The optimized PCSL exhibited spherical morphology with a particle size of 179.15 nm， a Zeta potential of -47.25 mV， and an encapsulation efficiency of 96.40%. Its in vitro release profile conformed to first-order kinetics， demonstrating excellent storage stability and hemocompatibility. In vivo imaging revealed that the fluorescence signal in tumor tissues and the fluorescence intensity ratio between tumors and organs were significantly higher in the PDSL group than in the PDCL group（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Among the treatment groups， PCSL group showed superior efficacy over free Cur group， free SSD group， PCCL group， and PSL group， with TGI>40% and T/C<60%， indicating pronounced anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Histopathology and serum biochemistry indicated minimal hepatorenal toxicity and improved hepatic and renal function in PCSL-treated mice.ConclusionReplacing Chol with SSD in preparing multifunctional drug delivery systems not only stabilizes liposomes but also yields superior anti-hepatocellular carcinoma efficacy， achieving the effect of drug-excipient integration. Co-delivery of Cur via this system can be used for treating subcutaneous solid tumors in hepatocellular carcinoma， providing new insights and technical approaches for anti-hepatocellular carcinoma research and the meridian-guiding and messenger-directing theory in traditional Chinese medicine.关键词：saikosaponin D;multifunctional liposomes;poloxamer 407;curcumin;subcutaneous solid tumor;small animal in vivo imaging30|42|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo comprehensively identify the O-methyltransferase （OMT） genes in Carthamus tinctorius and explore the key OMTs that can catalyze the methylation of flavonoids， providing a basis for understanding the molecular formation mechanism of the structural diversity of flavonoids in C. tinctorius.MethodsThe hidden Markov model was used to systematically identify the type Ⅰ OMTs from the high-quality genome data of C. tinctorius. A suite of bioinformatics tools was employed to systematically analyze the physicochemical properties， gene structure， conserved motifs， chromosomal localization， gene replication events， and collinearity of the identified genes. The target gene was heterologously expressed through the prokaryotic expression system of E. coli， and the protein function was verified by in vitro enzymatic reactions.ResultsA total of 31 type Ⅰ OMTs were identified. CtFOMT1 was successfully cloned and expressed in a soluble form in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was purified via Ni2+ affinity chromatography to obtain a high-concentration preparation. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that CtFOMT1 utilized S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor to catalyze the methylation of the 4′-OH of naringenin， resulting in the production of isosakuranetin. A similar process occurred with the 4′-OH of luteolin， leading to the formation of diosmetin. Subsequent methylation of the 3′-OH group of diosmetin generated 4′-methylchrysoeriol.ConclusionCtFOMT1 can catalyze the methylation of 4′-/3′-OH in the flavonoid skeleton. It is hypothesized that CtFOMT1 may play a role in the biosynthesis of various 4′-/3′-oxymethyl flavonoids in C. tinctorius.关键词：Carthamus tinctorius;O-methyltransferase;flavonoid;gene cloning;functional analysis13|10|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “介绍了其在太子参环肽B生物合成调控领域的研究进展，相关专家通过转录组分析等手段，筛选并验证了WRKY70转录因子对HB合成的正向调控作用，为培育高HB含量太子参品种提供了理论支撑。”摘要：ObjectiveThe biosynthesis of heterophyllin B （HB）， a cyclopeptide from Pseudostellaria heterophylla， is regulated by various abiotic stresses. Elucidating the transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying HB biosynthesis is of great guiding significance for the directional improvement of P. heterophylla varieties and the enhancement of HB content.MethodsBased on transcriptome data from different tissues of P. heterophylla， transcription factors （TFs） specifically upregulated and highly expressed in the phloem of tuberous roots were screened through a combination of Mfuzz time-series clustering， transcription factor family prediction， and correlation analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was employed to analyze expression patterns of candidate TFs under abscisic acid （ABA） induction， and the dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to verify their regulatory effects on HB precursor genes.ResultsContent determination showed that HB accumulated at the highest in the phloem of P. heterophylla tuberous roots （34 μg·g-1 fresh weight）. Transcriptome analysis identified 15 868 up-regulated differentially expressed genes （DEGs）， among which 4 375 were specifically up-regulated in the phloem. From these， 25 TFs highly expressed in the phloem were screened. Correlation analysis revealed that the expression level of WRKY70 was significantly positively correlated with HB content， the expression of precursor genes prePhHB， and PhPOP1. Additionally， WRKY70 expression was significantly upregulated under ABA induction. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that WRKY70 specifically activated the transcriptional activity of the prePhHB promoter （Pro-prePhHB）.ConclusionHB is mainly accumulated in the phloem of P. heterophylla tuberous roots. WRKY70 positively regulates HB biosynthesis by directly activating the promoter activity of prePhHB. This study clarifies the key role of WRKY70 in the regulation of HB biosynthesis and provides an important theoretical basis for the in-depth analysis of the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying HB biosynthesis.关键词：Pseudostellaria heterophylla;heterophyllin B;transcriptome;transcription factors;gene regulation10|4|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “该研究系统梳理了竹沥药材的历史沿革，考证其名称、基原等多方面内容，为含竹沥经典名方开发利用提供参考。”摘要：This article systematically reviews and examines the historical evolution of Bambusae Succus as a medicinal material， covering aspects such as nomenclature， origin， geographical distribution， harvesting and processing methods， quality assessment， therapeutic effects and indications， by consulting ancient herbal texts， medical compendia， and modern literature. The aim is to provide a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. Research indicated that Bambusae Succus was first documented in the Shennong Bencaojing during the Han dynasty， with Zhuli being the standard name used throughout history， alongside aliases like Zhuzhi， Zhuyou and Huoquan. Historically， the primary source of Bambusae Succus has been Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis（Danzhu）， although other species such as Pleioblastus amarus and Bambusa emeiensis have also been used medicinally. Ancient records predominantly noted its origin in Yizhou（present-day Chengdu and surrounding areas in Sichuan） and the Wuling region（between present-day Hunan， Guangdong， Guangxi and Jiangxi provinces）， while contemporary sources are mainly from regions south of the Yangtze River and southwestern China. Traditionally， Bambusae Succus was harvested from bamboo that had grown for exactly one year， today， it can be collected year-round without strict age requirements. Ancient preparation methods included direct fire roasting or dry distillation， whereas modern industrial production employs dry distillation， reflux extraction， and percolation. In terms of quality evaluation， ancient texts considered a sweet taste to be superior， while today， clarity and transparency are prioritized. Historically， Bambusae Succus was characterized as sweet and cold nature， targeting the lung and stomach meridians， with uses evolving from clearing heat and resolving phlegm to nourishing Yin， moistening dryness， and relaxing tendons and unblocking meridians. Modern descriptions classify it as sweet， bitter， and cold in nature， affecting the heart， liver， and lung meridians， with functions including clearing heat， resolving phlegm， and facilitating orifices. It is indicated for conditions such as stroke with phlegm confusion， lung heat with phlegm congestion， convulsions， epilepsy， excessive phlegm in febrile diseases， high fever with thirst， irritability during pregnancy， and tetanus， with more clearly defined applications. Based on the results of the research， it is recommended that when developing and utilizing famous classical formulas containing Bambusae Succus， the one-year-old Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis， which has been highly praised throughout history， should be selected as the source material. Industrial production should adopt the dry distillation method. Furthermore， in-depth research should be conducted on the modern technological characterization of the traditional quality control indicator of sweet taste， and reasonable modern quality control standards should be established.关键词：famous classical formulas;herbal textual research;Bambusae Succus;origin;processing methods;producing area;quality evaluation31|45|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “介绍了其在抗衰老领域的研究进展，相关专家构建了多模态衰老模型和多维评价体系，为解决衰老机制及干预策略问题提供了新方向。”摘要：Aging has emerged as a cutting edge and hotspot in global life science field， with anti-aging and geriatric disease prevention and treatment becoming critical issues urgently demanding solutions in international medical communities. In the face of the challenge of accelerating global population aging， in-depth exploration of aging mechanisms and the development of effective intervention strategies hold significant scientific and clinical value. This study supported by the national key research and development program of China， employed the essence-Qi-spirit theory of Qiluo doctrine as its guiding framework， focusing on the key scientific issue of the core traditional Chinese pathogenesis of aging， namely "depletion of kidney essence， deficiency of primordial Qi， and impairment of body and spirit". The treatment principle of "tonifying the kidney to replenish essence， harmonizing Yin and Yang， warming and invigorating primordial Qi， and nourishing the body and spirit" was established. Centered on holistic aging， systemic aging， and aging-related diseases， the research integrated multidisciplinary research approaches to construct multi-modal aging models and a multi-dimensional evaluation system， and it utilized multi-omics technologies to deeply analyze aging mechanisms. By systematically reviewing historical kidney-tonifying and anti-aging formulas and combining big data with artificial intelligence technologies， an information database of anti-aging traditional Chinese medicine substance was developed to reveal the differences and synergistic effects of various treatment methods and formulas on anti-aging. Based on this treatment method， the research integrated two millennia of kidney-tonifying medicinal experience to develop the innovative anti-aging traditional Chinese medicine， namely Bazhi Bushen capsules. It was validated that this capsule can delay holistic and systemic aging through multiple targets and mechanisms， thereby elucidating the scientific connotation of the essence-Qi-spirit theory of Qiluo doctrine in guiding anti-aging research from multiple dimensions and providing robust support for leveraging the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine to occupy the commanding heights of international anti-aging research.关键词：Qiluo doctrine;essence-Qi-spirit theory;anti-aging;key issue;research idea;traditional Chinese medicine17|11|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “聚焦无症状肾性血尿诊疗难题，专家构建“年龄 - 体质 - 证候”三维诊疗体系，为中医个体化辨证提供新思路。”摘要：For a long time， simple asymptomatic renal hematuria has not been taken seriously. Current studies have confirmed that renal hematuria is a risk factor for the progression of renal function， but there is no effective treatment available. Because asymptomatic renal hematuria is highly concealed and lacks typical symptoms， individualized syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is difficult， making it a challenge in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Although TCM has a long history and solid theoretical basis in the treatment of hematuria， it urgently needs to break through the bottleneck of traditional syndrome differentiation. Based on classical TCM theories， research achievements in modern constitution studies， and relevant clinical and pathological evidence， this article focuses on the decisive influence of age on constitution distribution and its regular association with the evolution of core syndromes， and constructs a three-dimensional diagnostic and therapeutic system of "age-constitution-syndrome". It reveals that the syndrome manifestations of asymptomatic renal hematuria are profoundly shaped by constitution， and that constitution shows a group distribution pattern with age-children often present with deficiency of lung and spleen Qi combined with wind-heat， young and middle-aged individuals often present with deficiency of liver and kidney Yin combined with deficient fire and stasis heat， and elderly individuals often present with deficiency of spleen and kidney combined with cold-dampness and stasis obstruction. By analyzing the common pathogenic mechanisms， outcome characteristics， and internal mechanisms among different age groups， this study provides a basic syndrome framework and core intervention strategies for specific populations in clinical practice， offering a new evidence-based approach to addressing the dilemma of “no identifiable syndrome”.关键词：renal hematuria;group syndrome differentiation;three-dimensional diagnosis and treatment system;age-constitution;syndrome pattern10|10|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “慢性心力衰竭（CHF）是心脏功能异常导致射血受损的临床综合征，是多数心脏疾病的终末阶段。其患病率不断攀升，对患者生活质量造成极大影响，已成为全球性公共健康问题。目前，西医主要通过口服“新四联”药物、利尿剂等方法进行治疗。尽管在病理研究和临床治疗方面取得了显著进展，但仍存在不良反应较大、耐药性及治疗效果个体差异明显等问题。因此，探索并挖掘中医药治疗CHF的优势，已成为一个亟待解决的重大课题。中医药在防治心力衰竭（HF）方面已有数千年的历史，积累了丰富的经验，凭借其多组分、多靶点的特性，能够整体调节机体多系统功能，干预HF的进程，在HF治疗中具有重要的临床意义，通过温阳、利水、益气、养阴、活血等方法，有效改善患者心肌纤维化，抑制氧化应激反应，增强心肌收缩力及改善心室重构。由经典方剂化裁而来的近现代中成药，基于传统方剂的理论基础，不仅具有良好的临床疗效，且在方便性、稳定性与安全性方面具有显著优势。该文系统梳理了中医经典方剂在CHF治疗中的显著效果及其作用机制，并阐述了近现代中成药的临床概况，旨在为CHF的临床诊疗提供新的策略。”摘要：Chronic heart failure （CHF） is a clinical syndrome characterized by impaired ventricular ejection function due to cardiac abnormalities， representing the terminal stage of most cardiovascular diseases. With its rising prevalence and significant impact on patients' quality of life， CHF has emerged as a major global public health concern. Current Western medicine treatments mainly involve the oral administration of the "new quadruple therapy" drugs and diuretics. Despite substantial progress in pathological research and clinical treatment， challenges persist， including considerable side effects， drug resistance， and marked interindividual variability in therapeutic response. Therefore， exploring and leveraging the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in treating CHF has become an urgent research priority. TCM has a millennia-long history in the prevention and treatment of heart failure， accumulating extensive clinical experience. Characterized by its multi-component and multi-target properties， TCM enables holistic regulation of multiple systemic functions and intervention in the progression of heart failure， demonstrating significant clinical relevance in its management. By employing therapeutic strategies such as warming Yang， promoting diuresis， replenishing Qi， nourishing Yin， and activating blood circulation， TCM effectively improves myocardial fibrosis， inhibits oxidative stress responses， enhances myocardial contractility， and ameliorates ventricular remodeling. Modern proprietary Chinese medicines derived from classic formulas， based on the theoretical foundation of traditional prescriptions， not only exhibit favorable clinical efficacy but also offer notable advantages in convenience， stability， and safety. This review systematically examined the significant therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of classical TCM formulas in the treatment of CHF， and provided an overview of the clinical application of modern proprietary Chinese medicines. It aims to provide new strategies for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHF.关键词：famous classical formula;chronic heart failure;research progress;mechanism;clinical study11|9|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- 摘要：Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. In recent years， its incidence rate and mortality are increasing year by year. Due to the complex pathogenesis and poor prognosis of patients， colorectal cancer poses a serious threat to human physical and mental health. Currently， although Western medicine treatment methods can to some extent inhibit tumor growth and alleviate patient symptoms， postoperative recurrence， metastasis， multiple adverse reactions， and susceptibility to drug resistance are prominent issues， resulting in unsatisfactory overall treatment outcomes. Therefore， exploring more efficient and safe treatment methods has become an urgent task. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathway plays a regulatory role in the growth， differentiation， apoptosis， and autophagy of colorectal cancer cells， and is widely involved in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. It is considered an important target for colorectal cancer treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of colorectal cancer， as it can exert its effects through multiple mechanisms and pathways. It can prevent postoperative recurrence and metastasis， reduce adverse reactions to radiotherapy and chemotherapy， and improve patients' quality of life. It has become a key means of treating colorectal cancer. Research has shown that active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine such as flavonoids， polyphenols， terpenes， and esters， as well as traditional Chinese medicine compounds such as Qingjie Fuzheng Granules and some traditional Chinese medicine extracts， have significant regulatory effects on AMPK and its interaction signaling pathways. They exert their anti-colorectal cancer effects by inducing autophagy and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells， promoting ferroptosis， inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition， reversing drug resistance， and arresting the cell cycle. This article reviewed and summarized the relevant research on traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of colorectal cancer in recent years， with a focus on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating the AMPK signaling pathway for the treatment of colorectal cancer. It is expected to provide ideas and references for the development of new drugs for clinical anti-colorectal cancer treatment.关键词：adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）;signaling pathway;traditional Chinese medicine;colorectal cancer;research progress12|14|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “介绍了其在肝纤维化治疗领域的研究进展，相关专家系统综述了中药有效成分及复方通过激活Nrf2信号通路发挥抗纤维化作用的机制，为开发新型抗肝纤维化中药提供了理论依据。”摘要：Hepatic fibrosis （HF） is an abnormal repair process that occurs after chronic liver injury. It is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in the liver， resulting in fibrous tissue hyperplasia， which may further develop into cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Currently， there is a lack of specific anti-HF drugs in clinical practice. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has advantages in the treatment of HF， including multi-component and multi-target interventions with high safety， and can significantly delay the progression of HF. It has therefore become a current research hotspot. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， as a key transcription factor involved in antioxidant stress， can effectively intervene in the progression of HF by activating the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes and detoxification genes. This article systematically reviews the mechanisms by which active components of Chinese medicine （such as flavonoids， polysaccharides， and saponins） and TCM compound prescriptions （such as Haobie Yangyin Ruanjian prescription and Biejia Xiaozheng pills） exert anti-fibrotic effects through activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway， including enhancing antioxidant capacity， inhibiting inflammatory responses， reducing hepatocyte apoptosis， improving mitochondrial function， and inhibiting the ferroptosis pathway. In addition， this article points out the current shortcomings in research based on the Nrf2 signaling pathway and proposes corresponding suggestions to promote related studies. It also provides an important theoretical basis for the development of novel anti-HF Chinese medicine targeting Nrf2.关键词：nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）;hepatic fibrosis;traditional Chinese medicine;antioxidant stress;anti-inflammatory10|12|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “介绍了半夏在抗抑郁领域的研究进展，专家总结了半夏活性成分、药对及复方的抗抑郁作用机制，为抗抑郁治疗现代化研究提供参考。”摘要：Depression is a common mental disorder that falls under the category of "stagnation syndrome" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Its complex pathogenesis poses challenges for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Currently， clinically used antidepressants are often accompanied by significant side effects， and statistics show that about one-third of patients do not respond to these medications. TCM demonstrates advantages in the treatment of depression through multi-target， multi-pathway and multi-mechanistic approaches. Pinelliae Rhizoma， a phlegm-resolving herb， exhibits effects such as drying dampness and resolving phlegm， as well as eliminating stuffiness and reducing masses. The characteristics of harmonizing Yin and Yang and resolving stagnation in the middle energizer align precisely with the pathogenesis of depression syndrome， demonstrating therapeutic efficacy in affected patients. Literature studies have found that the active ingredients of Pinelliae Rhizoma， such as cavidine， baicalein， β-sitosterol， as well as Pinelliae Rhizoma herb pairs， such as Pinelliae Rhizoma-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， Pinelliae Rhizoma-husked sorghum， Pinelliae Rhizoma-Prunellae Spica， exhibit significant antidepressant effects. Furthermore， TCM formulas containing Pinelliae Rhizoma as the principal therapeutic agent， such as Banxia Xiexin Tang， Banxia Houpo Tang， and Wendan Tang， as well as formulas incorporating Pinelliae Rhizoma like compound Xiaochaihu Tang， Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Tang， and Erchen Tang， have also demonstrated favorable antidepressant efficacy. The antidepressant mechanism of these agents may involve modulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） and dopamine （DA） levels， up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） expression， regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， reduction of oxidative stress， modulation of nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway， and inhibition of microglia-mediated inflammatory responses. This review summarized the antidepressant mechanisms and clinical applications of the active components， herb pairs， and TCM formulas containing Pinelliae Rhizoma， aiming to provide a reference for modern research on the use of Pinelliae Rhizoma in antidepressant therapy.关键词：depression;stagnation syndrome;Pinelliae Rhizoma;active ingredient;Pinelliae Rhizoma herb pairs;Pinelliae Rhizoma formulas23|20|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “糖尿病肾脏病（DKD）是糖尿病引发的慢性肾脏病，严重危害患者健康。研究发现，细胞凋亡在DKD发生发展中起关键作用，涉及多条信号通路异常活化。中医药凭借多靶点、多组分、多途径优势，在DKD治疗中展现显著疗效。专家深入剖析细胞凋亡信号通路及其调控机制，梳理中药干预DKD的最新研究进展，为延缓DKD进展提供新策略，推动中医药在该领域广泛应用。”摘要：Diabetic kidney disease（DKD） is a chronic kidney structural and functional disorder caused by diabetes. With the global prevalence of diabetes continuing to rise， DKD has gradually become a major cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease（ESRD）， posing a serious threat to patients' quality of life and long-term health outcomes. Studies have shown that apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of DKD， with its mechanisms involving abnormal activation of multiple signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）/nuclear transcription factor-κB（NF-κB）/B-cell lymphoma-2（Bcl-2）/cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase（Caspase）-3， protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase（PERK）/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α（eIF2α）/activating transcript factor 4（ATF4）/CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein（CHOP）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt）/glycogen synthase kinase-3β（GSK-3β）， Janus kinase 2（JAK2）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（STAT3）， adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase（AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR） and silent information regulator 1（SIRT1）/tumor suppressor protein 53（p53）， thereby accelerating renal pathological damage in DKD. Extensive evidence-based medical studies have confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， leveraging its unique therapeutic advantages of multi-target， multi-component and multi-pathway approaches， has demonstrated remarkable efficacy and favorable safety profiles in treating DKD. Recent studies have demonstrated that active components of TCM can specifically target and modulate key effectors in apoptotic signaling pathways. Meanwhile， traditional compound formulations exert synergistic effects through multiple approaches such as replenishing deficiency and activating blood circulation， detoxifying and dredging collaterals， tonifying kidney essence， and removing stasis and purging turbidity， thereby comprehensively regulating critical pathological processes including endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. This combined therapeutic approach of molecular targeting and holistic regulation provides novel strategies for delaying the progression of DKD. Based on this， this paper provides an in-depth analysis of key apoptotic signaling pathways and their regulatory mechanisms， while systematically summarizing recent research advances regarding the therapeutic effects of TCM active components， compound formulations， and proprietary Chinese medicines on DKD through modulation of these pathways， with particular emphasis on their underlying molecular mechanisms. These findings not only elucidate the modern scientific connotation and theoretical basis of TCM in treating DKD but also establish a solid theoretical and practical foundation for promoting the wider clinical application and further research of TCM in the field of DKD treatment.关键词：diabetic kidney disease;apoptosis;signaling pathways;mitochondria;endoplasmic reticulum;traditional Chinese medicine;mechanism27|26|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “帕金森病（PD）是一种以运动功能障碍为主要临床表现的慢性进展性神经退行性疾病，主要病理特征为中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元的缺失、α-突触核蛋白（α-Syn）异常聚集和路易氏小体的形成，其发病机制尚未完全明确。近年来，PD的发病率逐渐上升，而目前的治疗手段，只能改善其症状，不能阻止疾病进展，且不良反应多，因此寻找治疗PD的有效药物迫在眉睫。现代研究表明，Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1（Keap1）/核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）/抗氧化反应元件（ARE）信号通路与氧化应激、神经炎症、细胞凋亡、铁死亡及线粒体功能障碍等存在密切的联系，在PD病理生理发展过程中发挥着关键的作用。大量研究进一步证实，中医药可通过整体辨证观和微观分子通路对疾病进行调控，且具有多靶点、多途径和不良反应少等独特优势，为PD的治疗提供了新的策略。该文阐述了Keap1/Nrf2/ARE信号通路在PD发生发展中的作用机制，并总结了中药单体及有效成分、复方和针灸精准靶向调控Keap1/Nrf2/ARE信号通路干预PD的最新研究，以期为研发防治PD的临床药物提供参考依据。改写：介绍了帕金森病（PD）领域的研究进展，专家们探索了Keap1/Nrf2/ARE信号通路在PD发生发展中的作用机制，为研发防治PD的临床药物提供参考依据。”摘要：Parkinson's disease （PD） is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor dysfunction. The main pathological features include the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra， abnormal aggregation of alpha-Synuclein （α-Syn）， and the formation of Lewy bodies. However， the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In recent years， the PD incidence has gradually increased， while current treatment methods are limited to symptom alleviation， incapable of halting disease progression， and prone to adverse effects， thus making it urgent to search for medicines effective for PD. Modern research indicates that the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）/nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 （Nrf2）/antioxidant response element （ARE） signaling pathway is closely related to oxidative stress， neuroinflammation， apoptosis， ferroptosis， and mitochondrial dysfunction， playing a crucial role in the pathophysiological development of PD. A large number of studies have further confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can regulate diseases through a holistic view of Syndrome differentiation and microscopic molecular pathways. With unique advantages， such as multiple targets， multiple pathways， and fewer adverse reactions， TCM provides a new strategy for PD treatment. This article elucidates the mechanism of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of PD， while summarizing the latest research on PD intervention by TCM monomers， active ingredients， and compounds， as well as acupuncture via the precise targeted regulation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway， aiming to provide a reference for clinical medicine development to prevent and treat PD.关键词：Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）/nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 （Nrf2）/antioxidant response element （ARE）;signaling pathway;traditional Chinese medicine;Parkinson's disease;review40|38|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- ““血管性痴呆（VaD）是一种由脑血管病变引发的认知功能障碍综合征，作为全球第二常见的痴呆类型，其发病率仅次于阿尔茨海默病。VaD的病理机制复杂，涉及新血管生成、神经炎症、细胞凋亡和氧化应激等多个生物学过程。其中，新血管生成作为VaD病理过程中的关键环节，主要通过血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）信号通路进行调控。近年来，中医药在VaD治疗中的应用逐渐受到关注，尤其是益气活血化瘀治法在临床实践中展现出独特优势。该治法基于中医气血理论，强调通过调和气血运行来改善“血瘀”这一病理状态，其科学内涵在现代药理学研究中逐步得到阐明。该文将中医学“祛瘀生新”思想与现代医学“新血管生成”机制相结合，系统综述了基于益气活血化瘀治法促进新血管生成治疗VaD的研究现状，涵盖单味中药及中药复方制剂等通过多靶点、多通路协同作用促进新血管生成、减少细胞凋亡、改善脑血流动力学等方面的研究进展。此外，该文还探讨了针灸联合方药的治疗方法，突破了传统的单一治疗模式。针药协同治疗不仅能够增强新血管生成的效果，还能通过多途径改善VaD患者的认知功能和生活质量。通过对比分析现代医学和中医学在VaD治疗中的优劣，该文指出，现代医学虽然在病理机制研究和靶向治疗方面具有优势，但在整体调节和多靶点干预方面存在局限性。而中医药通过多成分、多靶点的综合作用，能够更好地适应VaD的复杂病理特点。然而，中医药治疗VaD的研究仍存在一些不足，如作用机制尚未完全明确、临床研究不足等问题。因此，未来研究应进一步结合现代药理学、分子生物学等多学科手段，深入挖掘中医药资源，探索多种跨学科协同治疗模式，为VaD的治疗提供新的思路和方法。””摘要：Vascular dementia （VaD） is a cognitive dysfunction syndrome caused by cerebrovascular disease and is the second most common type of dementia worldwide， following Alzheimer's disease. The pathological mechanisms of VaD are complex， involving multiple biological processes， including angiogenesis， neuroinflammation， apoptosis， and oxidative stress. Among these， angiogenesis is a key process in VaD pathology and is primarily regulated through the vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） signaling pathway. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has gradually gained attention in the treatment of VaD， particularly the therapeutic approach of benefiting Qi， activating blood circulation， and resolving blood stasis， which has demonstrated unique advantages in clinical practice. This method， based on the TCM theory of Qi and blood， emphasizes improving the pathological state of ''blood stasis'' by harmonizing the circulation of Qi and blood， and its scientific basis has been increasingly elucidated by modern pharmacological studies. This article systematically integrates the TCM concept of ''removing stasis to promote regeneration'' with the modern medical mechanism of neoangiogenesis and reviews the current research on promoting neoangiogenesis through the benefiting Qi， activating blood circulation， and resolving blood stasis in VaD treatment. It covers research progress on single Chinese medicine and compound formulas that promote neoangiogenesis， reduce apoptosis， and improve cerebral hemodynamics through multi-target and multi-pathway synergistic effects. Furthermore， this article explores the therapeutic approach of combining acupuncture and moxibustion with Chinese medicine formulas， breaking through the traditional single-treatment model. The synergistic treatment of acupuncture and herbal medicine not only enhances neoangiogenesis but also improves cognitive function and quality of life in VaD patients via multiple pathways. By comparing the advantages and limitations of modern medicine and TCM in VaD treatment， this article notes that while modern medicine excels in elucidating pathological mechanisms and targeted therapies， it is limited in overall regulation and multi-target interventions. TCM， through the comprehensive effects of multiple components and targets， is better suited to address the complex pathological features of VaD. However， current research on TCM for VaD still has limitations， including incompletely clarified mechanisms and insufficient clinical studies. Therefore， future research should further integrate multidisciplinary approaches， such as modern pharmacology and molecular biology， to deeply explore TCM resources and investigate diverse interdisciplinary collaborative treatment models， providing new ideas and strategies for VaD therapy.关键词：neoangiogenesis;vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） signaling pathway;benefiting Qi， activating blood circulation， and resolving blood stasis;vascular dementia;traditional Chinese medicine8|11|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “朱砂安神丸是源自金元时期李东垣《内外伤辨惑论》的经典方剂，由朱砂、黄连、当归、生地黄、甘草5味中药配伍而成。该方在中医理论指导下，用于治疗心火亢盛、阴血不足所致的失眠、心悸、焦虑等心神不宁病证，并对癫痫等病症具有辅助抗惊厥作用。然而，其君药朱砂［主要成分为硫化汞（HgS）］的潜在神经、肝、肾损伤性与体内蓄积风险，使其临床应用备受争议，且至今未被《中华人民共和国药典》正式收录。此外，受《关于汞的水俣公约》限制，天然药用朱砂资源日益短缺，使得合成朱砂的药效与安全性评价尤为迫切。这一矛盾凸显了传统药物安全性评价的复杂性。现有研究表明，朱砂安神丸在镇静安神、改善睡眠及调节情绪障碍方面具有确切的药理活性，且复方中的其他药味可能对朱砂的毒性具有拮抗作用，临床上因规范服用该方剂导致严重汞中毒的报道极为罕见。研究提示，复方中的其他药味（如生地黄、黄连、甘草）可能通过调节肠道菌群、形成汞络合物、直接保护靶器官等机制，有效减轻朱砂的肝肾损伤性。该文旨在系统梳理朱砂安神丸的药效学研究进展，深入探讨其作用机制，辨析朱砂的毒代动力学特征、安全性风险与复方配伍减毒增效的科学内涵，并与其他常用安神类药物进行比较，以期为朱砂安神丸在现代背景下的安全、合理应用与深度开发提供科学依据与前瞻性思考，强调中药复方整体性研究在解决单成分毒性挑战中的重要价值。”摘要：Zhusha Anshenwan is a classical traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） formula originating from LI Dongyuan's Treatise on the Differentiation of Endogenous and Exogenous Injuries （Nei Wai Shang Bian Huo Lun） of the Jin-Yuan period. It is composed of five medicinal ingredients： Cinnabaris （Zhusha）， Coptidis Rhizoma （Huanglian）， Angelicae Sinensis Radix （Danggui）， Rehmanniae Radix （Shengdihuang）， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （Gancao）. Under the guidance of TCM theory， this formula is used to treat syndromes of disturbed spirit， including insomnia， palpitations， and anxiety， caused by hyperactivity of heart fire and deficiency of Yin-blood， and it also exerts auxiliary anticonvulsant effects in epilepsy and related conditions. However， the potential neurotoxicity， hepatotoxicity， and nephrotoxicity of its monarch drug， Cinnabaris （mainly composed of mercuric sulfide， HgS）， together with the risk of in vivo accumulation， have rendered its clinical application controversial， and it has not yet been formally included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. In addition， restrictions imposed by the Minamata Convention on Mercury have led to an increasing shortage of natural medicinal Cinnabaris resources， making the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of synthetic Cinnabaris particularly urgent. This contradiction highlights the complexity of safety evaluation for traditional medicines. Existing studies indicate that Zhusha Anshenwan exhibits definite pharmacological activities in calming the mind， improving sleep， and regulating emotional disorders. Moreover， other components of the formula may exert antagonistic effects on the toxicity of Cinnabaris， and reports of severe mercury poisoning caused by standardized clinical use of this prescription are extremely rare. Research suggests that other ingredients in the compound formula， such as Rehmanniae Radix， Coptidis Rhizoma， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， may effectively alleviate the hepatorenal toxicity of Cinnabaris through mechanisms including modulation of the gut microbiota， formation of mercury complexes， and direct protection of target organs. This article aims to systematically review the progress in pharmacodynamic research on Zhusha Anshenwan， to explore its mechanisms of action in depth， and to analyze the toxicokinetic characteristics and safety risks of Cinnabaris， as well as the scientific connotations of toxicity reduction and efficacy enhancement achieved through compound compatibility. In addition， it compares Zhusha Anshenwan with other commonly used sedative formulas， with the aim of providing a scientific basis and forward-looking perspectives for the safe and rational application and in-depth development of this classical prescription in a modern context， and of emphasizing the important value of holistic research on TCM compound formulas in addressing the challenges of single-component toxicity.关键词：zhusha anshenwan;Cinnabaris;mercuric sulfide （HgS）;pharmacological effects;mechanism of action;toxicity;traditional Chinese medicine compound formula58|25|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- “介绍了其在中医诊断领域的研究进展，专家们探索了AI技术在中医四诊智能化和辨证诊断规范化方面的课题，为解决临床数据采集标准化困难、数据质量参差不齐、四诊信息融合不足、诊断模型科学性不足、智能方法准确性不高、法律法规不完善以及复合型人才培养不足等问题提供了优化数据采集流程、构建多模态诊断模型、多学科交流合作、完善法律法规及培养复合型人才等解决方案，为中医诊断的现代化、标准化、规范化和智能化发展开辟了新方向。”摘要：Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） diagnostics is a discipline that studies the basic theories and fundamental skills of diagnostic methods， disease diagnosis， and differentiation in accordance with the theories of TCM. The artificial intelligence （AI） technology has gained remarkable achievements in the intelligentization of the four diagnostic methods in TCM and the standardization of differentiation and diagnosis. However， it still faces many challenges. The standardization of clinical data collection is difficult， and the data quality is uneven， which affects the usability of the data. The integration of the four diagnostic information is insufficient. Most instruments can only collect data from a single diagnostic method， lacking overall integrity. The scientific nature of the diagnostic model needs to be improved. The existing models lack dynamics and the reasoning logic of TCM differentiation. The accuracy of intelligent methods needs to be improved， and the existing evaluation indicators cannot fully reflect the practical application effect of the model. Furthermore， the relevant laws and regulations are still not perfect， and data security and patient privacy lack guarantees. The cultivation of compound talents is insufficient， and there is a lack of interdisciplinary talents who are proficient in both TCM and AI. On this basis， this paper expounded on the current development status， difficulties， and bottlenecks of AI in TCM diagnosis and then explored the development trend of AI in the field of TCM diagnosis. It proposed solutions such as optimizing the data collection process， constructing multimodal diagnostic models， facilitating multi-disciplinary exchanges and cooperation， improving laws and regulations， and cultivating compound talents. It is hoped that modern， standardized， normalized， and intelligent TCM diagnosis can be further promoted， thereby providing new impetus and methods for the inheritance and innovation of TCM.关键词：traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis;artificial intelligence;objectification of four diagnostic methods;intelligent differentiation;standardized data19|18|0更新时间：2026-04-01
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