最新刊期
卷 24 ， 期 1 ， 2018
- 摘要：Objective:In this paper,21 kinds of pungent essential oils (EOs),which have been used as penetration enhancers(PE),were chosen to analyze the preliminary regulation between the penetration-enhancing effect of EOs and drug property characteristics of Chinese materia medica (CMM) on the same platform. Method:Firstly,19 EOs were extracted by steam distillation,while turpentine oil and peppermint oil were purchased and used directly.Then the volatility values of them were measured.The chemical compositions of EOs were analyzed by GC-MS.In vitro permeation studies with modified Franz diffusion cell method were applied to evaluate the transdermal penetration enhancement effect of the 21 EOs.Finally,independent sample T test,together with multiple correspondence analysis,were applied to analysis experimental data for the purpose to illustrate the relationship between volatility,drug properties of 21 EOs and the enhancing efficiency,respectively. Result:No correlation was found between the volatility and the permeation enhancing effect of EOs.However,four natures played an important role in promoting the transdermal absorption of ibuprofen,moreover,the penetration-enhancing effect of EOs with hot nature was significantly higher than that of warm nature (P<0.05).EOs with the properties of pungent and bitter,spleen channel might be superior in promoting activity towards the skin permeation of drugs. Conclusion:The penetration enhancing effect of pungent EOs are affected by drug property characteristics of CMM,especially four natures.关键词：essential oils;volatility;transdermal penetration;drug property;Azone;ibuprofen;Chinese materia medica7|8|20更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To establish a fingerprint quality control method of medicated leaven,and to compare the change of effective components (such as quercitin,luteolin,quercetin,and so on) about medicated leaven composed of fresh or dry medicines before and after fermentation. Method:By studying on the decomposed recipes of medicated leaven,samples of four groups were prepared.Each group was fermented separately under the prior optimum conditions,taking samples before fermentation and after the completion of the fermentation,and then samples dried at 40℃ for testing.LC-MS analysis was performed on a Ulitimate XB-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.2% formic acid aqueous solution in gradient mode,the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1,the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm,electrospray ionization source(ESI) was adopted in positive ion mode. Result:A total of 15 common peaks were confirmed in the fingerprint of medicated leaven composed of fresh medicines or dry ones;among them,peak 10,13,15 were quercitin,luteolin,quercetin,respectively.The base group contained only a very small amount of luteolin determined by LC-MS,the content of this ingredient was 18.5 μg·g-1 and 21.3 μg·g-1 before and after fermentation,it was significantly lower than the other groups.The contents of quercitin,luteolin,quercetin in the second group (composed of fresh medicines) were higher and had obvious advantages than the other groups before the fermentation,after fermentation,the amounts of luteolin and quercetin had grown by 54.8% and 4.53%,respectively,but the content of quercitrin was slightly reduced by 0.76%.The contents of quercitin,luteolin,quercetin in the 4th group (composed of dry ones) were significantly increased after fermentation. Conclusion:The method is precise,accurate with high repeatability,which is suitable for quantitative evaluation of medicated leaven.In addition,the fermentation method can increase the solubility of active ingredients and the occurrence of biological transformation reactions about medicated leaven,the results show that the changes of pharmacological substances of medicated leaven before and after fermentation and pharmacodynamic material basis of fresh medicines is better than dry ones be used as medicine.关键词：medicated leaven;fresh products;fermentation;decomposed recipes research;quercitin;luteolin;fingerprint4|7|7更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To establish a method for the determination of dissolution of 8 active ingredients in Guizhi Fuling capsules. Method:UPLC was employed,mobile phase of gallic acid,paeoniflorin,benzoic acid,benzoylpaeoniflorin,paeonol,cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde was 0.02% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile for gradient elution,their detection wavelengthes were 230 nm and 275 nm.The mobile phase of amygdalin was water-methanol(80:20) and its detection wavelength was 218 nm. Result:The soluble medium was determined to be 0.1 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid,the rotation speed was 50 r·min-1,the solubility measurement was carried out by the basket method.The linear ranges of gallic acid,paeoniflorin,benzoic acid,benzoylpaeoniflorin,paeonol,cinnamic acid,cinnamaldehyde,amygdalin were 0.097 6-24.389 9, 0.097 1-24.275 4,0.052 6-5.262,0.053-5.295 6,0.108 3-27.062 9,0.050 1-5.005,0.052 4-5.236 4,0.096 6-24.139 5 mg·L-1,their average recovery rates were 102.3%,97.3%,99.3%,97.9%,97.8%,95.8%,97.0% and 100.4%,respectively.The dissolution rate of samples was good,and the dissolution rate of each component in 45 min could reach >80%. Conclusion:This method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and it can be used for determination of dissolution of Guizhi Fuling capsules.关键词：Guizhi Fuling capsules;dissolution;rotating basket method;gallic acid;cinnamic acid;benzoic acid;paeoniflorin5|6|8更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To establish the fingerprints of 7 effective parts from Polygonum capitatum ethanol extract,and clarify the contribution of the chemical components represented by all peaks at different sites to the antibacterial effect,and then to reveal the material basis for the efficacy of P. capitatum. Method:UPLC-TOF-MS was introduced to analyze fingerprint of different polar part of P. capitatum ethanol extract,and the chemical constituents of all peaks were analyzed,96-well plate method was adopted to measure minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of different polar part for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Partial least squares regression analysis was used to establish the spectrum-effect relationship. Result:Positive correlation peaks of different polar part for E. coli and P. aeruginosa were 9 and 13,respectively;its main antibacterial ingredients ranked as No. 1-5,15,19. Conclusion:The main antibacterial active sites of P. capitatum for E. coli and P. aeruginosa are four polar sites(A,B,C and D) with strong polarity,the main active ingredients are 6-galloylglucose,3,6-digalloylglucose,1,3,6-trigalloylglucose and davidiin.关键词：Polygonum capitatum;antibacterial activity;spectrum-effect relationship;partial least squares regression analysis;minimum inhibitory concentration;davidiin;6-galloylglucose9|8|2更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To analyze the effect of processing with wine on the content of main chemical components in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus decoction pieces,and provide experimental basis for improving the quality standard of crude and wine-baked Ligustri Lucidi Fructus decoction pieces. Method:HPLC was performed by taking acetonitrile-water as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1 for gradient elution,the column temperature was set at 35℃ and the detection wavelength was monitored at 224 nm.Contents of effective components in crude and wine-baked Ligustri Lucidi Fructus decoction pieces were measured. Result:Compared with Ligustri Lucidi Fructus decoction pieces from the same enterprises or the same batch in a enterprise,the contents of specnuezhenide and oleuropein dropped significantly,but the contents of salidroside,tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol was increased by over 200%,5% and 40% after being wine-baked,respectively. Conclusion:The content of components in wine-baked Ligustri Lucidi Fructus decoction pieces is changed owing to specnuezhenide is hydrolyzed to salidroside under the effect of high temperature and water vapor,and then through further hydrolyzed to form tyrosol;what's more,oleuropein is unstable at high temperature,it will be hydrolysis to form hydroxytyrosol.关键词：Ligustri Lucidi Fructus;decoction pieces;wine-baked Ligustri Lucidi Fructus;hydrolysis;hydroxytyrosol;specnuezhenide;oleuropein8|7|6更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To provide chemical evidence for the quality control of Herba Anoectochili through chemical profiling and quantitative analysis of 14 batches of herbs by UHPLC-TOF-MS technique. Method:Chemical constituents were profiled by UHPLC-TOF-MS fingerprint.Compounds in the fingerprint were assigned on the basis of accurate mass.The contents of kinsenoside was determined by using[M+HCOO]- ion.The obtained fingerprints of 14 batches of Herba Anoectochili were evaluated by similarity investigation and cluster analysis. Result:The UHPLC-TOF-MS fingerprint of Herba Anoectochili was established and thirty-six chemical constituents in the fingerprint were identified.The chemical profiling and quantitative analysis showed that the chemical components of Herba Anoectochili were significantly influenced by place of origin and cultivation time.The content range of kinsenoside was 4.85%-16.18%. Conclusion:The established fingerprint and determination of kinsenoside is feasible and stable,which is suitable for the quality control of Herba Anoectochili.关键词：Herba Anoectochili;kinsenoside;UHPLC-TOF-MS;fingerprint;cluster analysis;similarity6|7|5更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:This study is aimed to clone the key enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) from Asarum sieboldii and analyze the sequence characteristics by bioinformatics tools. Method:AsPAL gene was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE strategy by using homologous cloning principle, with the RNA extracted from leaves as the template. The bioinformatics of this gene and its corresponding protein was then analyzed by DNAMAN software and ExPASy online analysis tool. Result:The ORF of AsPAL consisted of 2 157 bp (GenBank accession number:KY428932),encoding 718 amino acid polypeptides. The molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point of the deduced AsPAL protein were 78 758 Da and 6.24 respectively. Bioinformatics prediction and analysis indicated that AsPAL protein contained the active center sequence GTITASGDLVPLSYIAG, without transmembrane region and signal peptides. Multiple comparisons of amino acid sequences showed that AsPAL had more than 80% homology with PAL of Cinnamomum osmophloeum, Vitis vinifera, Angelica sinensis and Prunus armeniaca. Conclusion:This study cloned and analyzed PAL from A. sieboldii. The preliminary bioinformatic analysis might be used to establish an experimental basis for exploring PAL gene function and further regulation of methyleugenol biosynthesis from A. sieboladii.关键词：Asarum sieboldii;phenylalanine ammonia-lyase;gene cloning;bioinformatics analysis5|6|5更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To optimize the DNA extraction method and molecular identification of Angelicae Sinensis Radix preparations by analyzing trnL-F sequences and using the Angelicae Sinensis Radix specific marker. Method:DNA was extracted by the traditional cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method, sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) method, paramagnetic particle method and modified CTAB method from 10 kinds of Angelicae Sinensis Radix preparations. The integrity, purity, and concentration of the total genomic DNA yielded by the four methods were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and agarose gel electrophoresis. The plastid trnL-F of 10 samples were amplified, sequenced and analyzed, and the phylogenetic trees were constructed. The DNA samples were also applied for molecular identification with Angelicae Sinensis Radix specific marker. Result:The modified CTAB method was found to yield relatively pure and high quality DNA from the 10 kinds of Angelicae Sinensis Radix preparations. The similarity of 10 samples and Angelicae Sinensis Radix ranged from 99.88% to 100%. Phylogenetic tree based on trnL-F sequences showed that 10 samples and Angelicae Sinensis Radix were clustered as one category. The clear and bright amplified band was obtained for all 10 samples in the verification by Angelicae Sinensis Radix specific molecular marker. Conclusion:The genomic DNA in Angelicae Sinensis Radix preparations could be successfully extracted by the modified CTAB method. The A. sinensis were successfully identified by the trnL-F sequences and the Angelicae Sinensis Radix specific molecular marker, with great importance in the molecular identification and quality control in Angelicae Sinensis Radix preparations.关键词：Angelicae Sinensis Radix preparations;DNA extraction methods;chloroplast trnL-F region;specific molecular marker;molecular identification6|6|5更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To quantitatively analyze quercitrin-3-O-β-D-glucose-(1→6)-β-D-glucoside (M1), quercitrin-3-O-[2"-O-acetyl-β-D-glucose-(1→6)-β-D-glucoside] (M2), and isoquercitrin (M3) in 11 batches of flowers of Meconopsis integrifolia by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Method:The ultrasonic extraction method was used with processing time of 45 min, and the extraction solvent was 90% methanol aqueous solution. ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 chromatographic column was used at the column temperature of 35℃, flow rate of 300 μL·min-1 and the detection wavelength of 255 nm, with acetonitrile-0.1% glacial acetic acid solution (16:84) as the mobile phase for isocratic elution for 10 min. Result:The contents of 3 flavonoids in 11 batches of flowers of M. integrifolia in different regions and at different acquisition time were different. Generally, the contents of quercitrin were higher than the content of isoquercitrin; the total content of flavonoid glycosides in Mengbi mountain, Maerkang county was higher than that in the other regions; and the content of flavonoid glycosides from the samples collected in May and June were higher than those collected in July. Conclusion:The contents of main components in 11 batches of flowers of M. integrifolia were relevant to their origins and collection time. The method in this study could reflect the exact contents of compositions, providing reference for quality evaluation and quality standard improvement of M. integrifolia.关键词：Meconopsis integrifolia;flower;UPLC;flavonoids4|6|1更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To investigate the constituents of Punica granatum flower. Method:The P. granatum flowers were extracted with 60% ethyl alcohol and condensed to a small amount of volume. The extraction was carried out by petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol in turn. The compounds from ethyl acetate extract were isolated and purified by silica gel, semi-preparative HPLC, Sephadex LH-20 and recrystallization methods, while their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis and comparison of their spectral data with those in the literature. Result:Twelve compounds were isolated and identified respectively as gallic acid (1), ethyl gallate (2), luteolin (3), 8-O-methylretusin (4), 7-hydroxy-4',6-dimethoxyisoflavone (5), formononetin (6), tricetin (7), taraxerone (8), oleanolic acid (9), ursolic acid (10), D-dulcitol (11), and daucosterol (12). Conclusion:The compounds 4-8 as well as 11 were isolated for the first time from P. granatum flower (ie. Uighur medicine Gulina),and compounds 5, 6 and 8 were isolated for the first time from this genus.关键词：Punica granatum;Gulina;ethyl acetate part;chemical constituents4|6|3更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To study the composition, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of liposoluble constituents from Taraxacum mongolicum leaves. Method:Soxhlet extraction was used to extract the liposoluble constituents from dandelion leaves (LCDLs), and their compositions were studied by using GC-MS. The antioxidant activity was determined by phosphomolybdate complex method, pyrogallol autoxidation spectrophotometry and Fenton oxidation method, while the antimicrobial activity was determined by the slip method and microporous diffusion method. Result:There were about 36 kinds of LCDLs extracted by this method. With the increase of sample concentration, the total antioxidant activity of LCDLs and their clearance for the superoxide anion (O2-·) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) were all enhanced. However, their total antioxidant activity and scavenging effect on the O2-·and·OH were lower than those of Vit C(VC). LCDLs had good antibacterial and bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans, with MIC and MBC of 0.5, 1.72, 2.46, 3.58 g·L-1 and 0.84, 1.88, 3.62 and 4.74 g·L-1 respectively. Especially, it showed best antimicrobial and bactericidal effect against S. aureus. Conclusion:This study showed that the LCDLs were complex and had a certain antioxidant activity and good antimicrobial effect, providing reference and basis for the development and utilization of T. mongolicum resources.关键词：Taraxacum mongolicum leaves;GC-MS;liposoluble constituents;antioxidant activity;antimicrobial5|7|4更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:The metabolites of brazilin were detected and identified in vivo. Method:The metabolic profiles of brazilin in plasma,urine,bile and feces samples after oral administration (30 mg·kg-1) were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS.The mobile phase was consisted of water(containing of 0.1% formic acid)-acetonitrile and eluted in gradient mode.The mass was detected in negative ion mode and information dependent acquisition(IDA) model was used.The data were analyzed by PeakView 1.2 software.Total ion chromatogram of sample was extracted and compared with the blank biological sample,possible metabolites were screened and identified by comparison and analysis of retention time,precise molecular mass,elemental composition and secondary mass spectrometry. Result:Twenty-three metabolites of brazilin were detected by comparing with the blank sample.The pathways to these metabolites were methylation,deoxygenation,hydrogenation,carboxylation,hydration,sulfation and glucuronide conjugation,in which sulfation and glucuronide conjugation were the main transitions. Conclusion:This study provides the metabolism of brazilin in rats for the first time,which can be useful for its pharmacology and pharmacodynamics.关键词：brazilin;Sappan Lignum;metabolites;sulfation;glucuronide conjugation;urine;bile4|7|5更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To establish the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic(PK-PD) binding model of scutellarin and paeoniflorin in Xinshao formula. Method:In order to get the drug-time curves of scutellarin and paeoniflorin from Xinshao formula in plasma collected from different time points of a disease model animal,whose concentrations were determined by UPLC-MS/MS.At the same time,two kinds of indexes[superoxide dismutase(SOD) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)] in the plasma samples of different time points were determined by the kit for time-effect curves.Then WinNonlin 6.4 software was used to fit the pharmacokinetic parameters of scutellarin and paeoniflorin with compartmental model and to get PK parameters.After that,the pharmacokinetic parameters were fixed,and the time effect relationship were fitted to get the relevant PD parameters.According to the PD parameters,the PK-PD models of two representative components in Xinshao formula were established. Result:When SOD was used as the index of efficacy,the PK-PD models of scutellarin and paeoniflorin were obtained as E=21.08+5.49Ce/(Ce+7 368.24) and E=20.02+1.58Ce/(Ce+0.02). When LDH was used as the index of efficacy,the PK-PD models of scutellarin and paeoniflorin were obtained as E=211.98-89.13Ce/(Ce+2 013.2) and E=216.83-37.31Ce/(Ce+0.04). Conclusion:The concentrations of SOD and LDH are correlated with the concentrations of scutellarin and paeoniflorin.The formula and its main active components (scutellarin and paeoniflorin) can protect cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by increasing concentration of SOD and decreasing concentration of LDH.关键词：Xinshao formula;scutellarin;paeoniflorin;pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model;superoxide dismutase;lactate dehydrogenase5|6|11更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To investigate the effects of Cordyceps protein extract (OSPE) on the growth of A549 lung cancer cells and immune activity of mouse peritoneal macrophage in vitro. Method:A549 cells were treated with low, medium, and high concentrations (100, 200, 500 mg·L-1) OSPE for 24 h, and 200 mg·L-1 OSPE was used to treat A549 cells for 12, 24, 48, 72 h, respectively. Cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method; cell apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and B cell leukemia 2 (Bcl-2).Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was optimized to detect the effect of OSPE on macrophage secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) levels. Result:The (100, 200, 500 mg·L-1) OSPE remarkably inhibited the A549 cell growth with an inhibitory rate of 19.29%, 58.70% and 94.91% respectively, and 200 mg·L-1 OSPE (12-72 h) decreased significantly cell growth by increasing apoptosis in a time dependent manner. After Hoechst staining, the cells showed typical morphological changes of apoptosis, and the flow cytometry results showed that 200 mg·L-1 OSPE increased the apoptosis of A549 cells in a time dependent manner (P<0.01). Real-time PCR results showed that OSPE significantly increased Bax mRNA expression and significantly decreased Bcl-2/Bax expression (P<0.01). The results of ELISA showed that OSPE significantly promoted TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-12 levels in normal macrophages (P<0.01). Conclusion:OSPE inhibited the growth of A549 cells by inducing apoptosis, also probably by promoting the secretion of the macrophage secretion factors.关键词：Cordyceps protein extract;tumor cell;apoptosis;macrophage factors4|6|7更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To discuss the effect of Shenling Baizhusan on Ghrelin and Obestatin protein expression of in the rat models with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and investigate its mechanism and scientific connotation in treating COPD based on the Ghrelin/Obestatin signal regulating pathway from the molecular level. Method:The 60 SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group, lung and spleen deficiency model group and Shenling Baizhusan groups (28 days group, 35 days group and 42 days group according to different drug intervention time), 12 in each group. Lung and spleen deficiency COPD rat models were established by using the disease and syndrome combination method. In blank control group, the rats inhaled air, intratracheally injected with the same amount of normal saline, and orally took the same amount of normal saline. The rats in model group and Shenling Baizhusan groups were treated with smoking+intratracheal lipopolysaccharide+oral administration of ice and cold senna leaf infusion to build pulmonary and spleen deficiency type COPD rat model. Shenling Baizhusan was given by intragastric administration, and the rats were sacrificed at 28,35,42 days after drug intervention. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression changes of Ghrelin and Obestatin in hypothalamus and gastric tissues of rats. Result:As compared with normal blank group, the Ghrelin and Obestatin protein expression and integral absorbance in stomach and hypothalamus were significantly decreased in model group (P<0.01). As compared with model group, the Ghrelin and Obestatin protein expression and integral absorbance in stomach and hypothalamus were increased in different degrees in Shenling Baizhusan groups (P<0.05). Conclusion:The Shenling Baizhusan can regulate the energy metabolism of the lung and spleen deficiency type COPD rats and improve the malnutrition condition. Its mechanism may be associated with the regulation of Ghrelin and Obestatin dynamic balance to maintain body energy homeostasis.关键词：Shenling Baizhusan;chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD);deficiency of both lung and spleen model;ghrelin;Obestatin7|6|5更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To study the effect of spleen tonifying traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Weichang'an granule on human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice. Method:The nude mice models of human gastric cancer were established in nude mice and randomly divided into normal saline group (0.5 mL/mouse), Weichang'an decoction group (35.49 g·kg-1) and Weichang'an granule group (3.54 g·kg-1). The tumor weight of nude mice between various groups was compared, and the expression levels of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in nude mice were compared by immunohistochemistry. The morphology of tumor cells was detected under transmission electron microscope, terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect the apoptosis of tumor cells in each group, and serum tumor markers and enzymatic markers were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result:The average tumor weight in the Weichang'an decoction group and the Weichang'an granule group were lower than those in normal saline group (P<0.01). The positive expression rates of PCNA and Ki67 were significantly lower than those in normal saline group (P<0.01), transmission electron microscopy showed that the apoptosis rate and the necrosis rate of the subcutaneous tumor cells were significantly higher than those in normal saline group, ELISA showed tumor markers and CEA, CA199, CA724 enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase gastrointestinal (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of the Weichang'an decoction group and the Weichang'an granule group were lower than those of the normal saline group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Weichang'an granule and Weichang'an decoction can inhibit the growth of gastric cancer implanted in nude mice by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and promoting their differentiation, the specific mechanism shall be further studied.关键词：Weichang'an;gastric cancer;decoction;granule4|6|2更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To observe the effect and pharmacological mechanism of Xitongwan on monosodium urate (MSU)-induced gouty arthritis. Method:Rats were intragastrically treated with Xitongwan (200, 400, 800 mg·kg-1) for consecutively 7 days. MSU-induced gouty arthritis in rats was prepared through intra-articular injection with MSU crystals in the left ankle joint on the 5th day. Paw volume was measured at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 h, as well as gait score was calculated at 24 h after MSU induction. Histological score in ankle joint was calculated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Osteoclast formation in ankle joint was detected by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat region containing family of receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in articular tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining or Western blot assay. Result:Intra-articular injection with MSU crystals led to apparently elevated paw volume and gait score compared with control rats. Meanwhile, histological score, osteoclast formation and expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NLRP3 of gouty arthritis rats were significantly increased compared with control rats. However, treatment with Xitongwan significantly alleviated paw volume and decreased gait score in gouty arthritis rats compared with control rats. Meanwhile, treatment with Xitongwan significantly reduced histological score, osteoclast formation and expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NLRP3 in gouty arthritis rats compared with control rats. Conclusion:Xitongwan could attenuate the inflammatory development and structural damage by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators in gouty arthritis rats.关键词：Xitongwan;gouty arthritis;monosodium urate;inflammatory mediator;NLRP3 inflammasome4|6|7更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To observe the effect of Tangshenqing No.1 high, medium and low doses (traditional Chinese medicine) on the expression of group CC cytokines in renal tissues of rats with diabetic nephropathy. Method:Diabetic nephropathy rat model was established, and then the rats were divided into normal control group, model control group, Captopril group, Tangshenqing No.1 high, medium and low dose treatment groups. The rats in normal control group and model control group received intragastric administration of 10 mL·kg-1 deionized water daily; captopril 2.33 mg·kg-1 was given daily in Captopril group; Tangshenqing No.1 high, medium and low dose groups respectively received 187, 93.5, 46.75 mg·kg-1 Tangshenqing No.1.Samples were taken after 12 weeks of successive administration. The mRNA transcription of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in renal tissues were detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). The expression level of MCP-1 protein was detected by Western blot, while the expression level of RANTES protein was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result:Tangshenqing No.1 could down-regulate the mRNA transcription and protein expression levels of MCP-1 and RANTES in renal tissues (P<0.05, P<0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. The expression levels of MCP-1 and RANTES in renal tissues were as follows:Tangshenqing No.1 high dose group < middle dose group < low dose group. The curative effect was most obvious in Tangshenqing No.1 high dose group among the Chinese medicine treatment groups. Conclusion:Tangshenqing No.1 can inhibit the occurence and development of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the expression of MCP-1, RANTES mRNA and protein in renal tissues.关键词：Tangshenqing No.1;diabetic nephropathy;monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1);regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)4|6|0更新时间：2024-01-04
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Effect of Didangtang on Inflammatory Reaction in Myocardium of DM Rats of by Modulating NF-B Pathway
摘要：Objective:To investigate the effect of Didangtang in purging heat, dispersing blood stasis and dredging collaterals on myocardial inflammation reaction of diabetes mellitus (DM) rats by activating nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) pathway. Method:A total of 130 clean grade healthy male SD rats weighing between 220 g and 270 g were selected and divided into the normal group (10 rats) and the model group (120 rats). The rats of the model group were injected with 55 mg·kg-1 streptozotocin (STZ) solution to establish the DM model. After 72 hours, the rats were randomly divided into the high-dose group, the model group, the low-dose group (1.08, 0.72, 0.54 g·kg-1·d-1), the pyrrolylene dimethyl thiourea group (PDTC group 0.15 g·kg-1·d-1) and the didang-pyrrolidine dimethyl thiourea group (DP group 1.08 g·kg-1·d-1+0.15 g·kg-1·d-1 PDTC), and intervened with the corresponding drugs once a day by gavage. After 8 weeks, the animals were put to death by drawing blood from the abdominal aorta in anesthesia. And then the rats' hearts were quickly removed and stored in liquid nitrogen. The NF-кB p65 protein expression in myocardium homogenate was detected by Western blot, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method, and the expressions of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and macrophage chemotaxis protein-1 (MCP-1) in myocardium were detected by immunofluorescence. Result:The expressions of NF-кB p65 and TNF-α of the model group were significantly higher than those in the normal group. And we observed that ICAM-1 and MCP-1 proteins were dyed as green fluorescent in cytoplasm in the model group. Compared with the model group, the expressions of NF-кB p65 protein and TNF-α in the treatment groups were significantly lower. According to the inter-group comparison, the expression of NF-кB p65 protein in the DP group was the closest to that in the normal group, and the expression of TNF-α in the high-dose Didangtang group was significantly lower than that in the model group; the treatment groups showed that cytoplasm were dyed as green fluorescent and ICAM-1 and MCP-1 proteins decreased in different degrees, and the DP group was the closest to the normal group, with the least range of dyed green. Conclusion:Didangtang for purging heat, dispersing blood stasis and dredging collaterals can reduce the myocardial inflammation of DM rats by inhibiting activation of NF-кB pathway.关键词：diabetic cardiomyopathy;Didangtang;nuclear factor-кB(NF-кB) pathway;myocardium inflammatory response5|5|6更新时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective:To investigate the effect of grifola frondosa polysaccharide in alleviating fatigue in the chemotherapy-induced fatigue (CIF) model, and explore its possible mechanism. Method:A total of 60 6-8 week-old SPF C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely normal group, model group, low-dose grifola frondosa polysaccharide group (5 mg·kg-1) and high-dose grifola frondosa polysaccharide group (10 mg·kg-1). The mice were injected with 5-fluorouracil (40 mg·kg-1), ip, once a day, for five days, except for normal group. At the same time, low-dose grifola frondosa polysaccharide group and high-dose grifola frondosa polysaccharide group were given different doses of grifola frondosa polysaccharide. Body weight and grasping power were measured during the experimental period. At the 15th day, the mice were put to death, and content of blood urea nitrogen, blood lactic acid and hepatic glycogen, as well as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) mRNA and protein expressions in gastrocnemius muscle were detected. Result:Both low-dose and high-dose grifola frondosa polysaccharide can obviously enhance the grasping power in CIF mice (P<0.01); low-dose and high-dose grifola frondosa polysaccharide can obviously decrease the value of blood urea nitrogen (P<0.05) after exercise. High-dose grifola frondosa polysaccharide can obviously decrease the blood lactic acid value in CIF mice after exercise (P<0.01), and low-dose and high-dose grifola frondosa polysaccharide can significantly reduce p38 MAPK mRNA and phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein expressions in gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusion:Grifola frondosa polysaccharide can improve chemotherapy-induced fatigue in mice, which may be correlated with down-regulation of p38 MAPK mRNA and phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein expressions.关键词：grifola frondosa polysaccharide;chemotherapy;fatigue;p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)8|6|0更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1)on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in cortex of rats and explore its possible mechanism by using photochemically induced local cerebral ischemia model. Method:Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into model group, sham operation group, GRb1 high dose group (100 mg·kg-1), medium dose group (50 mg·kg-1), and low dose group (25 mg·kg-1), as well as nimodipine group (1 mg·kg-1), with 8 rats in each group. The changes of regional cerebral blood flow in the right cerebral cortex were measured by laser Doppler flowmetry after ischemia for 24 h. The expression of GFAP mRNA was detected with Real-time PCR method, while Western blot and immunohistochemistry method were used to detect the expression of GFAP protein. Neurological function of rats was detected by using the neurological behavior score. Result:As compared with the sham operation group, the cerebral blood flow was decreased significantly in the model group (P<0.01). As compared to the model group, the neurological function deficits were decreased in high dose GRb1 group (P<0.05) and the cerebral blood flow was increased significantly in GRb1 groups (P<0.05). The expression levels of GFAP mRNA and protein in model group were significantly higher than those in sham operation group(P<0.05). As compared with the model group, GRb1 groups can respectively increase the positive expression of GFAP (P<0.05), especially in high dose group (P<0.01); there was no significant difference between GRb1 high dose group and nimodipine group. Conclusion:GRb1 can increase regional cerebral blood flow, up-regulate the expression of GFAP, protect the morphology of astrocytes, and reduce the damage of ischemic penumbra neurons in acute cerebral ischemia stage.关键词：ginsenoside Rb1;photothrombosis;glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP);regional cerebral blood flow6|5|10更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To investigate the effect of Ophiopogonis Radix extract on expressions of miRNA-29a and FOXO3 in liver tissues of insulin resistant rats. Method:A total of 60 male SD rats were selected, including 10 for normal control. The remaining 50 rats were randomly divided into model control group, high, medium and low-dose Ophiopogonis Radix extract groups, metformin positive control group 5, with 10 in each group. High, medium and low-dose Ophiopogonis Radix extract groups were given 150, 300, 500 mg·kg-1 Ophiopogonis Radix extract, the positive control group was given 200 mg·kg-1 metformin suspension through intragastric administration for intervention, while the normal control group and the model control group were given the same volume of saline. The levels of body weight (BW), liver weight (LW), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), fasting insulin (FINs), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), liver index (LI) and C-peptide were measured by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The pathological changes in liver were observed, and the expressions of miRNA-29a and FOXO3 in liver tissues were detected by Real-time PCR at the 4th and 8th weeks after administration. Result:The rats in the normal control group were given normal diets, with clean skin and in a good mental state. The rats in the model control group were lethargic and lazy, with messy and dim skin. The Ophiopogonis Radix extract and the metformin groups had dim skin, with a better mental state than the model control group. Ophiopogonis Radix extract significantly reduced the levels of BW, LW, C-peptide and LI in insulin resistance rats (P<0.05), significantly reduced the levels of TC, TG and FINs (P<0.05), significantly increased ISI levels (P<0.05), and improved insulin resistance in rats. Ophiopogonis Radix extract significantly relieved steatosis of rats in the insulin resistance model and pathological status of liver. Ophiopogonis Radix extract significantly down-regulated miRNA-29a expression, and up-regulated FOXO3 expression, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion:Ophiopogonis Radix extract can significantly relieve insulin resistance, suggesting that its mechanism is down-regulation of miRNA-29a expression and up-regulation of FOXO3 expression.关键词：Ophiopogonis Radix extract;insulin resistance;miRNA-29a;FOXO35|6|7更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To explore the protective effect and mechanism of Micrococtis Folinm on liver of Mouse with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Method:BALB/c mouse were randomly divided into normal group, model group, simvastatin group (2.5 mg·kg-1) and high and low-dose Micrococtis Folinm groups (3.5,7.0 g·kg-1). The NAFLD model was prepared through intragastric administration with high-sugar and high-fat diets for 12 weeks, once a day. Serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected, and liver index were calculated (liver wet weight/body weight×100%) at the 28th day. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenate were determined by xanthine oxidase and thiobarbital acid method, respectively. Adiponectin receptor 2 (Adipo R2) in liver tissues was detected by western blotting. The morphological changes in liver tissues were observed under light microscope. Result:Compared with the normal group, the model group showed higher levels of serum TC, TG, LDL-C, AST and ALT (P<0.01), and a lower level of serum HDL-C (P<0.01), higher liver index (P<0.01), lower SOD activity (P<0.01) and higher MDA (P<0.01) in liver homogenate, decreased Adipo R2 protein expression in liver tissues (P<0.05), and severer hepatic steatosis (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the Micrococtis Folinm group showed lower levels of serum TC, TG, LDL-C, AST and ALT (P<0.01), lower liver index (P<0.01), lower MDA (P<0.01) and increased SOD activity (P<0.01) in liver homogenate, increased Adipo R2 protein expression in liver tissues (P<0.05), and significantly relieved liver steatosis (P<0.01). Conclusion:Micrococtis Folinm has lipid-lowering and hepatoprotective effects on NAFLD mice, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and the increase of Adipo R2 expression.关键词：Micrococtis Folinm;non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;mice;lipid metabolism;oxidative stress;adiponctin receptor 2(Adipo R2)6|6|2更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To observe the effect of Fuzheng Qufeng prescription on 24-hour urine protein(24 h-Upro), serum albumin, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and renal pathological changes in rats with membranous nephropathy, and its clinical effects. Method:The rats were randomly divided into normal group and modeling group. The rat model was induced with bovine serum albumin (C-BSA). Model rats were randomly divided into model group, and the Fuzheng Qufeng prescription group. The Fuzheng Qufeng group was administered by gavage with Fuzheng Qufeng prescription for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, the normal group and model group were administered by gavage with the same volume of deionized water. At the time points of 0, 2, 4 weeks, 24 h-Upro was detected. At the end of the 4th week, the levels of serum albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (CRE) were detected. Subsequently, rats in each group were put to death, and the renal pathological changes were observed under light microscope with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining and periodic acid silver methe-ramine (PASM) staining. Depositions of IgG and C3 were observed by indirect immunofluorescence technique. The thickening of basement membrane and the changes in the podocytic process were observed under electron microscope. Result:Compared with normal group, the level of 24 h-Upro in model group was significantly increased (P<0.01), whereas the level of ALB was decreased (P<0.01), with significant pathological changes in renal tissues. Compared with model group, the level of 24 h-Upro in the Fuzheng Qufeng prescription was decreased (P<0.05), while the level of ALB was increased(P<0.05). The deposition of immune complex, the thickening of basement membrane and the podocytic process were all alleviated dramatically. Conclusion:Fuzheng Qufeng prescription can effectively alleviate albuminuria of rats with membranous nephropathy, increase blood albumin, relieve the renal pathological damage, and delay the progress of membranous nephropathy.关键词：membranous nephropathy;albuminuria;renal pathology;Fuzheng Qufeng prescription6|6|5更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To define potential toxicity and reversibility, target organs of toxicity, no adverse effect dosage and medication time of Tongren Anshen pill through the safety evaluation for long-term medication of Tongren Anshen pill, in order to provide basis for clinical safety medication. Method:SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:the control group and high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose Tongren Anshen pill groups (containing 6.4, 3.2, 1.6 g·kg-1 of medicinal herbs). The rats were administered with the drugs by gavage once daily for 3 months. The blood biochemistry, hematology, urinalysis, relative organ weights (ROWs) and histomorphological indexes were examined in the 1st and 3rd months after administration, and the 2nd month after drug discontinuance. Result:In the study, the results of hematology, biochemistry, urinalysis, ROWs and histopathological examination showed no significant change related to drug toxicity after 1 month of administration; however, the body weights and food consumption of rats in high-dose Tongren Anshen pill group were significantly decreased. After 3 months of administration, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) of female rats in the high-dose group significantly increased compared with those in the control group. The histopathological changes in livers and kidneys were observed, including hepatocytes, mild renal tubular degeneration and renal interstitial inflammatory infiltration. There were no significant difference in other indexes, including serum biochemistry, hematology, urinalysis and ROWs. Two months later after drug discontinuance, no significant change in liver function parameters and morphology of liver and kidney was observed in the high-dose group. Conclusion:Long-term administration with high-dose Tongren Anshen pill could induce slight hepatic and renal damages. No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is 3.2 g·kg-1·d-1, which was equivalent to 29 times of clinical dosage. Its dosage and medication time shall be strictly controlled in clinic.关键词：Tongren Anshen pill;toxicity;hepatotoxicity;nephrotoxicity6|6|0更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To explore the drug factors for hepatotoxicity of Zhixue capsule, the uniform design method was used by comparing five different Chinese medicine prescriptions in rats. Method:Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group and five Zhixue capsule groups. The rats were administrated with different drugs by gavage for 30 days. After the last drug administration, blood was collected from abdominal aorta, and serum was taken by centrifugation. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in serum were detected to indicate the liver injury. The livers were taken for weighing and calculating absolute liver weight and organ coefficient. The largest liver lobe was stained with hematorylin-eosin (HE), and then pathological examination was performed under the microscope. Result:Compared with normal control group, general conditions of rats of Zhixue capsule groups were good, GGT of Zhixue capsule No.5 was significantly increased (P<0.01), absolute liver weight and organ coefficient of Zhixue capsule groups No.3, No.4 and No.5 were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), and Zhixue capsule ethanol extracts showed a clear hepatotoxicity, and histopathological observation showed small bubble type fatty degeneration surrounding hepatic lobule. According to the regression analysis of the indicators, cortex dictam may be the main drug factors for hepatotoxicity of Zhixue capsule. Conclusion:It is possible to improve the basic data for the safety of traditional Chinese medicine, guide the clinical safety medication, and improve the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine.关键词：Zhixue capsule;hepatotoxicity;uniform design;cortex dictam;drug factor6|6|5更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To study the effect of Wumeiwan on inflammatory biomarkers, immune function and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Method:A total of 177 cases of CAG patients treated in our hospital from May 2015 to June 2016 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table, with 89 cases in clinical group and 88 in control group. Patients in control group were treated by triple therapy. In addition to the therapy, clinical group was also given Wumeiwan. Then treatment efficacy, inflammatory biomarkers, immune function and TCM syndrome scores were compared. Result:The total effective rate of control group was 82.95%, while that of clinical group was 94.38%, with a significant difference (P<0.05). The values of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) before and after treatment between two groups showed significant differences. The value of inflammatory factor in clinical group was lower than that in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ significantly increased in two groups, but the level of CD8+significantly decreased (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in clinical group were significantly higher than those in control group, while the level of CD8+ was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). After treatment, compared with before treatment, TCM syndrome scores of the two groups were significantly improved (P<0.05). Compared with control group, TCM syndrome score of the clinical group was lower than that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Wumeiwan was very effective in treating CAG patients. It can significantly relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the body immunity, with a significant anti-inflammatory effect.关键词：Wumeiwan;chronic atrophic gastritis;inflammatory biomarkers;immune function;traditional Chinese medical syndrome score4|6|4更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of Fuqingzhu Huodan Shenfang in the treatment of moderate to severe herpes zoster (liver meridian). Method:A total of 180 patients with severe herpes zoster treated in our hospital were randomly divided into the treatment group (90 cases) and the control group (90 cases) by the random number table. Another 90 healthy cases were also selected as the normal control group. Patients in control group were given oral acyclovir tablets, methylcobalamin dispersions, and liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. In addition to the above therapy, patients in observation group were also given modified Fuqingzhu Huodan Shenfang. A course of treatment was 14 days. The efficacy and the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia were compared between two groups. Th1 factor[interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ], and Th2 factor (IL-4 and IL-10) expressions were observed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. T lymphocyte subsets were measured by Flow cytometry. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 and c-Jun NH2-terminalprotein kinase (JNK) gene expressions were detected by Real-time PCR. Adverse reactions were compared. Result:The clinical efficiency of treatment group was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). After 6 months of treatment, the incidence of postherpetic neuralgiathe in the treatment group was 41.1%, while that of the control group was 48.9%. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia between two groups. VAS score in the PHN patients of treatment group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). After treatment, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ levels in treatment group were higher than before treatment, while CD8+ level was lower than before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in treatment group were higher than before treatment, while IL-4 and IL-10 levels were lower than before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, p38 MAPK and JNK mRNA expressions in two group were significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.05). And there were statistically significant differences in p38 MAPK and JNK mRNA expressions between the treatment group and control group after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion:Fuqingzhu Huodan Shenfang has a better clinical efficacy in treatment of moderate to severe herpes zoster (liver meridian), and can significantly reduce the occurrence of post-zoster pain. Its mechanism may be related to regulation of the imbalance Th1/Th2 cells, improvement of immune function and antiviral activity, inhibition of gene activities p38 MAPK and its downstream factor JNK, regulation of the activation of MAPK signal transduction pathway, inhibition of the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the body, and relief of neuritic pathology injury.关键词：Fuqingzhu Huodan Shenfang;herpes zoster;immunity;p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK);Th1/Th2 cell4|6|0更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To investigate the effect of modified Shengjiangsan on pleural effusion adenosine deaminase (ADA), immune function, T lymphocytes and inflammatory factors in the treatment of chest and hypochondrium fluid-retention type tuberculous pleurisy. Method:The 120 patients with tuberculous pleurisy from our hospital in March 2014 to March 2016 were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group received thoracic cavity drainage+anti-tuberculosis routine drug treatment, and observation group received received modified Shengjiangsan based on the treatment in control group. Pleural effusion, inflammatory factors, immune index, Chinese medicine syndrome scores and clinical curative effect were compared after the treatment for 2 months. Result:After treatment for 2 months, the total effective rate was 91.11% in observation group, significantly higher than 73.33% in control group (P<0.05); pleural effusion ADA levels were significantly lower than the levels before treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the level in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment for 2 months, the immunoglobulin(IgA, IgG, IgM) and T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+) were increased, while the levels of TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were decreased, and the symptom scores of fever, chest pain, shortness of breath and cough were decreased in both groups (P<0.05); as compared with control group, the levels of immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) and T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+) in observation group were higher, while the levels of TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were lower, and the symptom scores of fever, chest pain, shortness of breath and cough were lower(P<0.05). Pleural effusion drainage, pleural effusion disappearing time, hospitalization time and pleural thickness in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). All the patients were followed up, no cases of falling, with no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions incidence between two groups. Conclusion:With clear effect in the treatment of tuberculous pleurisy, modified Shengjiangsan can significantly reduce the thickness and inflammatory factors of the pleura, and improve immune function.关键词：modified Shengjiangsan;tuberculous pleurisy;pleural thickness adenosine deaminase(ADA);immune function;inflammatory factors4|6|2更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To discuss the clinical effect of Peitu Shengjin decoction for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, Qi deficiency of lung and spleen) at stationary phase and investigate the mechanism of airway remodeling. Method:One hundred and sixty patients were randomly divided into control group 80 cases and observation group 80 cases by random number table. Patients in control group received tiotropium bromide powder for inhalation. Based on the treatment in control group, patients in observation group added Peitu Shengjin decoction. The treatment course was 4 months in both groups. Before and after treatment, pulmonary function was detected, and forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at the first second (FEV1), and percentage of FEV1 in estimated value (FEV1%) were recorded. Scores of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome, and index of dyspnea (MMRC) were graded. In addition, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2, MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were detected. Result:The total effective rate was 89.33% in observation group, higher than 73.61% in control group (χ2=6.056, P<0.05). The scores of cardinal symptom, total score of TCM syndrome and score of MMRC in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, TGF-β1, VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion:Peitu Shengjin decoction can inhibit inflammatory response, regulate growth factor and balance of protease-antiprotease, relieve airway remodeling, alleviate clinical symptoms and improve pulmonary function.关键词：chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;airway remodeling;Qi deficiency of lung and spleen;Peitu Shengjin decoction4|6|15更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of addition and subtraction treatment of Pingweisan combined with Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Tang for chronic gouty arthritis with spleen deficiency syndrome, and investigate its effect on levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8, IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Method:One hundred and forty-eight patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group by random number table, 74 cases in each group. Patients in control group got allopurinol tablets after meal, 100 mg/time, 3 times/day. After the blood uric acid was normal, 100-200 mg for maintaining. And in acute episode, nimesulide sustained release tablets were given, 0.2 g/time, 1 time/day. Patients in observation group got addition and subtraction treatment of Pingweisan combined with Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Tang, 1 dose/day. The treatment course was 6 months for both groups. Besides, 6 months' follow-up and number of acute gout attacks were recorded. Before treatment and at the 2th, 4th, 6th month after treatment, levels of blood uric acid were detected. Uric acid compliance rate was calculated, and scores of the main symptoms, signs and spleen deficiency phlegm block were graded.In addition, levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α and safety were evaluated. Result:The total effective rate was 91.55% in observation group, higher than 79.71% in control group (χ2=4.105, P<0.05). The number of attacks for acute gout was (1.78±0.89) in observation group, less than (3.67±1.35) in control group (P<0.01) during 48 weeks. Scores of bone destruction and joint stenosis in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Level of blood uric acid was lower than that in control group at the 4th and 6th month after treatment (P<0.01). Compliance rate of blood uric acid was 85.92% in observation group, higher than 69.57% in control group (χ2=5.426, P<0.05). Scores of tenderness, flexion and discomfort and spleen deficiency phlegm block and levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17 and TNF-α in observation group were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01), and the adverse reactions were also less than those in control group. Conclusion:As compared with routine treatment of western medicine, addition and subtraction treatment of Pingweisan combined with Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Tang can reduce the number of gout attacks, reduce uric acid levels and improve blood uric acid compliance rate, and relieve clinical symptoms and inflammation in patients with chronic gouty arthritis and spleen deficiency syndrome. The clinical efficacy was better than western medicine treatment program.关键词：chronic gouty arthritis;spleen deficiency syndrome;Pingweisan;Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Tang;inflammation7|6|6更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Firstly,the authors took pharmaceutical production enterprises as an example to discuss the definition and requirements of intelligent file management system,and then combined with the domestic and international status of good manufacture practices(GMP) inspection defects in the pharmaceutical industry and the requirements of data integrity,the construction idea of intelligent file system was investigated based on the 4W(who,when,where,what) attribute of data.This paper also showed the characteristics of this system with searching and logical operation functions through the three designed examples.Finally,the advantages and implementation difficulties of the system were foreseen.The system will benefit the factory under the background of pharmaceutical 4.0 to achieve efficient and convenient use of all kinds of documents for information retrieval and logic operations,it will promote the drug research and registration work to be more scientific and systematic,but also be conducive to the international standard input and the establishment of pharmaceutical core technology platform.关键词：pharmaceutical 4.0;intelligent file management system;good manufacture practices;pharmaceutical production enterprises;logical operation;standard operating procedures5|6|0更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：In recent years,the CPC central committee and the state council have attached great importance to the development of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine.This paper reviews the current research on the characteristics of ethnic minorities in theyoujiangriver basin in the past ten years,brief analysis of the main existing problems, and future of national medicine, provide a reference for further development and utilization of national medicine.This plays a unique role in improving the health of the masses in minority areas and promoting economic and social development.Consult the related literature in recentten years,based on the previous studies,summary,analysis and review the Abri Herba,Coix lacryma-jobi var.mayuen, Jasmine,Talinum paniculatum,Endrobium officinale,Leonurus heterophyllus and Sophora tonkinensis and other herbs in minority nationality areas in the distribution of the present situation,the chemical composition,extraction methods and the pharmacological action research. The national medicine several characteristics such as flavonoids, alkaloids,saponins, polysaccharides,volatile oil and other active substances, usually with ethanol reflux heating,soxhlet extraction, ultrasonicextraction method, can be used in anti-tumor, immune regulation, such as antibacterial, antioxidant treatment.As a characteristic national medicine widely grown in the youjiangriver basin,there are other areas of action that await us to discover,research and develop,many chemical compositions,pharmacological mechanisms and clinical applications need to be further integrated into research and development in order to better discover and develop its medicinal value.关键词：Youjiang river basin;national medicine;characteristic;research progress6|5|4更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective:In the early stages of drug research and development, the enantiomers were usually treated as a single optical pure compound due to the limitations of knowledge and conditions. With the development of chiral separation technology and the increasing awareness of chiral drugs, the effects of chirality on pharmacological activity, toxicity, and metabolic properties of drugs have been gradually regarded. Several adverse reactions due to the chirality, such as the ‘thalidomide event’ in Europe, have led drug developers to pay more attention to chiral factors in drugs. Axial chirality is a special form of chirality, where the covalent bond cannot rotate freely due to steric hindrance or electronic effects. Axial chirality also has extensive effects on pharmacological activity and metabolic properties of compounds, but it is usually neglected since the molecule does not possess a stereogenic center. Drug research and development is a lengthy and expensive process. Therefore,axis chirality should be paid enough attention in the early stage to minimize the risks in advanced development and clinical trials. For chiral drugs, FDA has issued relevant documents to guide the research and development since 1992.However, there is no specific provision for the development of axial-chiral drugs. In this paper, the progress of axis-chiral drugs research is reviewed and discussed from four aspects:generation, configuration judgment, axial chirality-activity relationship, and development trend of axis-chiral drugs. The importance of axis-chirality in the process of drug research and development is also discussed, which is of reference value for the research and development of axis-chiral drugs.关键词：axial chirality;atropisomerism;activity difference;configuration judgment8|6|0更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Orobanche is the largest genus in Orobanchaceae, and its many plants have been used as medicinal plants, with the effects of kidney-tonifying and strengthening human health. The secondary metabolites of this genus plants are abundant, including phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), lignans and terpenoids. Among them, PhGs are the main active substance, which is widely distributed in Orobanche. It is a kind of natural water-soluble glycoside containing ester bond and oxygen glycosidic bond which are formed after phenethyl alcohol directly links with glucose aglycone. 24 PhGs have been isolated from Orobanche plants, mainly with the following structural characteristics:the glucose commonly links directly with the aglycone; the sugar moiety of disaccharide glycosides consists of glucose and rhamnose, with a glucose (3→1) rhamnose linkage; when the PhGs are to be a trisaccharide glycoside, an additional glucose or xylose usually appears at C6 position of the center glucose; and in its position of C4 or C6, coumaroyl or caffeoyl is usually located. Based on the above structures, PhGs have a widely scope and remarkable pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological research also shows that, the plants of this genus have many effects such as antioxidant, antibacterial, enhancing immunity and male hormone action; consequently, they are widely used for kidney deficiency, infantile diarrhea, enteritis, diarrhea and other diseases in clinical application. This paper would summarize the research advances in chemical constituents, bioactivities and clinical application of Orobanche, and provide the reference for the further investigation and development of Orobanche.关键词：Orobanche;phenylethanoid glycosides;chemical components;bioactivity;clinical application8|6|6更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Syndrome of blood stasis with Qi stagnation is a common clinical syndrome and the formation is closely related to the diet, mood, environment and other factors. With the quickening pace of modern life and the increasing pressures of life, emotional discomfort is inevitable. In addition, greasy diet and other factors are easy to cause Qi stagnation and blood stasis diseases. Clinical research and treatment most stay in the external macro-means and technology, so it is difficult to understand systematically and deeply about the microcosmic changes of syndrome development and the rule of syndrome evolution. This needs to establish animal models that are related to the clinical pathogenesis. In order to understand the research status about animal models of Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and disease-syndrome combination, the modeling methods, model validation and principles were reviewed in this paper. The common modeling methods of Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome include adrenaline method, dextran method, acousto-optic complex stimulation, binding method, clipping tail method, high fat plus cold coagulation, sleep deprivation and so on. The hemorheology indexes are the leading indicator of model validation, followed by open field test, and microcirculation, weight, neurotransmitter, vascular endothelial factor and other tests. The common disease-syndrome combination models of Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome include the models of Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome with endometriosis, Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome with gynecological disease characteristics, Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome with diabetes, Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome with non-small cell lung cancer, and Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome with chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. Different modeling methods are used in the different applications. We summarized the modeling methods, principles and testing indicators in recent years to standardize the animal model of Qi stagnation blood stasis syndrome.关键词：Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome;modeling method;detection index;disease-syndrome combination models;principle6|6|14更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complicated disease. The pathogenesis of CRC is related to the abnormity in multiple signal pathways. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have played a positive role in treatment of colorectal cancer. TCM can regulate multiple signal pathways, thus have an effect on multitudinous biological processes of CRC cells, such as cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell senescence, autophagy, resistance to chemotherapy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell invasion and metastasis, and contributes to therapeutic effect of TCM against CRC. It has been reported that Tenglong Buzhong decoction(TLBZT) can regulate p16/p21-RB signaling, arrest cell cycle and induce cell senescence in CRC. Cantharidin, Hedyotidis Herba, TLBZT and other Chinese herbs and medicines regulate apoptotic signal pathways, and induce apoptosis in CRC. Baicalein, Honokiol, Zuojinwan and other Chinese herbs and medicines regulate NF-κB pathway, inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis in CRC, and sensitize CRC cells to chemotherapy. Solasodine, Matrine, Tounong powder and other Chinese herbs and medicines regulate PI3K/Akt pathway, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis in CRC. Diterpenoid C, Bufalin, Ponicidin and other Chinese herbs and medicines regulate MAPK pathway, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis or autophagy in CRC. Curcumin, Scutellariae Barbatae Herba, Jianpi formula and other Chinese herbs and medicines regulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inhibit cell proliferation or metastasis in CRC. Norcantharidin, Ursolic acid, Laminarin and other Chinese herbs and medicines regulate epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) pathway, inhibit cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle, or induce apoptosis in CRC. Oxymatrine, Jianpi Jiedu recipe, Pien Tze Huang and other Chinese herbs and medicines regulate TGF-β/Smad pathway, and inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in CRC. Hedyotidis Herba, Scutellariae Barbatae Herba, Chang-fu-kang and other Chinese herbs and medicines regulate Hedgehog pathway and inhibit angiogenesis in CRC.关键词：colorectal carcinoma;traditional Chinese medicine;signal pathway;cell activity4|7|6更新时间：2024-01-04
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