最新刊期
卷 24 ， 期 20 ， 2018
- 摘要：Chief researcher XIAO Yong-qing engaged in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) research for more than 30 years.He has a deep understanding and analysis of the problems existing in the inheritance and development of TCM processing subject and has constructed many innovative research modes based on his scientific research practice for many years;such as the mode of standardization of processing technology based on the inheritance of production experience of Chinese herbal pieces,the research mode of processing principle of Chinese herbal pieces on the basis of change law of scientific connotation after processing,the quality evaluation mode with the characteristics of Chinese herbal pieces based on the processing principle,classification and quality evaluation model of Chinese herbal pieces based on the combination of traditional and modern technology.At the same time,he advocated further perfecting the standard material system of TCM and stabilizing the quality and clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal pieces by developing the research of Chinese medicine standard pieces,and to construct regional,specialized and intelligent production model of Chinese herbal pieces with the origins of bulk Chinese medicinal materials as core.His innovative academic ideas,forward-looking research models and industrial development strategies pointed out the direction for development of TCM processing and relayout of Chinese herbal pieces in the new environment,and provided feasible solutions.This paper aims to provide a useful reference for development of TCM processing and Chinese herbal pieces industry by combing main academic ideas and research practice of chief researcher XIAO Yong-qing.关键词：XIAO Yong-qing;chief researcher;academic thought;scientific research practice;Chinese herbal pieces;chemistry of Chinese materia medica;processing of Chinese materia medica9|5|1更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: Through establishing the correlationship of fingerprint-pharmacological effect-drug property to clarify the different effect between Coptidis Rhizoma processed with different ginger juice.Method: Grey relational analysis was applied.The parameters of pharmacological effect and drug property of Coptidis Rhizoma processed with different ginger juice were converted,correlation of common peak area in fingerprint of raw and processed Coptidis Rhizoma were analyzed with the converted parameters.Result: There were 9 common peaks in the fingerprints of Coptidis Rhizoma before and after being processed.The contents of jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,coptisine hydrochloride,berberine hydrochloride and epiberberine in Coptidis Rhizoma processed with fresh ginger juice were all higher than those of Coptidis Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma processed with Zingiberis Rhizoma juice.The peak area of palmatine hydrochloride in Coptidis Rhizoma processed with Zingiberis Rhizoma juice was lower than that of Coptidis Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma processed with fresh ginger juice.The effects in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus,arresting vomiting and inhibiting gastric mucosal injury of Coptidis Rhizoma processed with fresh ginger juice were better than those of Coptidis Rhizoma processed with Zingiberis Rhizoma juice.The effects in inhibiting Candida albicans,improving the gastrointestinal and decreasing cold property of Coptidis Rhizoma processed with Zingiberis Rhizoma juice were better than those of Coptidis Rhizoma processed with fresh ginger juice.These difference may be related to the content change of jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,coptisine hydrochloride,palmatine hydrochloride,berberine hydrochloride and epiberberine in Coptidis Rhizoma.Conclusion: The results are consistent with the traditional traditional Chinese medicine theory of "the cold nature of Coptidis Rhizoma would be alleviated and its effects of arresting vomiting and promoting gastrointestinal would be enhanced after processed with ginger juice",different ginger juice will lead to the different change of effective material group,resulting in the pharmacological effect and property difference between Coptidis Rhizoma processed with fresh ginger juice and Zingiberis Rhizoma juice.关键词：fingerprint;fingerprint-pharmacological effect-drug property;grey relational analysis;ginger juice;Coptidis Rhizoma;alkaloids8|5|13更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To establish the resolution and verification method of material basis of the property and flavor of Aurantii Fructus,and investigate the effect of Aurantii Fructus decoction and its chemical resolution components on gastrointestinal function,which will provide scientific evidence for the verification of the new assumption on the theory of properties and flavors of Chinese medicine "a flavor of one herbal has a property,one herbal contains X flavors and Y properties(Y ≤ X)".Method: The combined technique of dual extraction,alcohol precipitation,column chromatography,UPLC-MS and GC-MS were employed to achieve the resolution and verification of property and flavor material foundation of Aurantii Fructus.In addition,a gastrointestinal function models of atropine and neostigmine-induced mice was established.The effect of Aurantii Fructus decoction and its resolution components on gastrointestinal function was investigated by detecting the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion.Result: Aurantii Fructus decoction was split into alkaloids,volatile oils,polysaccharides and flavonoids,the components clearly separated and the chemical composition of each other did not cross.In pharmacological experiments,for normal mice,the residual rate of gastric phenol sulfonphthalein was significantly decreased(P<0.01) and the small intestinal propulsive rate was significantly increased(P<0.01) in the volatile oil group and the alkaloid group.For gastrointestinal inhibition mice induced by atropine,Aurantii Fructus decoction group,volatile oil group and alkaloid group could significantly increase gastric emptying and intestinal propulsive rate in mice(P<0.01).In addition,Aurantii Fructus decoction and its chemical resolution components had no antagonism on gastrointestinal sthenic motility induced by neostigmine.Conclusion: Alkaloid component and volatile oil component are the material basis of Aurantii Fructus to promote gastrointestinal function and they are also the material basis of "flavor pungent" of Aurantii Fructus.关键词：Aurantii Fructus;pharmacology of property and flavor;chemical resolution component;gastrointestinal function;atropine;neostigmine;principal component analysis6|5|8更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To compare the effect of single and combined decoction of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Myrrha on the content of imperatorin and their analgesic effect.Method: The decoction of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix,Myrrha and their combined decotion were obtained by conventional decoction process.The content of imperatorin in different extract was determined by LC-MS.Mice were divided into blank group,positive drug group(paracetamol and dihydrocodeine tartrate tablets group,0.24 g·kg-1·d-1) and low,medium,high dose group of three kinds of decoction,the dose of single decoction of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix was set as 3,6,12 g·kg-1·d-1,the dose of single decoction of Myrrha was 1.5,3,6 g·kg-1·d-1,the dose of mixed decoction was 4.5,9,18 g·kg-1·d-1.Analgesic effect was tested by hot plate test and writhing test in mice after oral administration for 7 d.Result: The linear range of imperatorin was 0.02-0.20 mg·L-1(R2=0.991 1),the transfer rate of imperatorin was 0.62% in single decoction of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix,but it reached 2.00% in mixed decoction.Except for some time points,there were significant differences between each dose group of single decoction,mixed decoction and the blank group by hot plate method(P<0.05,P<0.01).In the writhing test,there were significant differences between the low,medium dose of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix single decoction,high dose of Myrrha single decoction,each dose group of mixed decoction and the blank group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion: Mixed decoction of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Myrrha can promote the dissolution of imperatorin in Angelicae Dahuricae Radix.Each dose group of single and combined decoction can prolong the licking time of hot plate in mice,and all dose groups of combined decoction can prolong the latent period of torsional body.The high dose group of combined decoction has the highest inhibition rate of pain in mice.关键词：Angelicae Dahuricae Radix;Myrrha;Imperatorin;analgesia;single decoction;mixed decoction;hot plate method7|5|5更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To determine the optimum extraction process of a clinical experience prescription, Wenxin decoction(WXT), by using multi-index integrated evaluation method.Method: Orthogonal test L9(34) was conducted for the optimization of extraction technology and multi-index grading method was used to determine the optimal one. Curcumae Longae Rhizoma,Cinnamomi Cortex, Curcumae Rhizoma,and Asari Radix et Rhizoma were evaluated from the influence of amount of water,soaking time and extraction time on the yield rate. Orthogonal experiment design was applied in Codonopsis Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Scorpio with ethanol as solvent while lobetyolin and dry extract yield were used for overall scoring. Orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the water extraction and alcohol precipitation technologies for Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Crataegi Fructus,Ophiopogonis Radix,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and residual dregs of Codonopsis Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Scorpio extracted by ethanol. Paeoniflorin and dry extract yield were chosen as the index of evaluation to select and verify the optimal process parameters.Result: The extraction process of WXT was determined. The optimal extraction process for higher yield of volatile oil from Curcumae Longae Rhizoma,Cinnamomi Cortex,Curcumae Rhizoma,and Asari Radix et Rhizoma was to soke these drugs for 6 hours with 8 times of water volume, and then distill those drugs for 5 hours. The optimal ethanol extraction process for Codonopsis Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Scorpio were as follows:10 times of 80% ethanol amount,extracting for 2 times and 1.5 hours each time. Water extraction and alcohol precipitation were used in Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,Crataegi Fructus,Ophiopogonis Radix,licorice and residual dregs. The water extraction process was 1 hour extraction for twice,with 8 times of water volume. The ethanol-precipitation process was established where the 95% ethanol was added up to 60% and precipitated for 36 hours in 1.12 g·mL-1 liquid density.Conclusion: The extraction process of WXT optimized by multi-index integrated evaluation method is stable and reliable,which is suitable for industrial production,and can provide reference for clinical application and development of new drugs.关键词：Wenxin decoction;multi-index integrated evaluation method;orthogonal experimental;traditional Chinese medicine presciption7|5|3更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the effect of branch blight on the yield of honeysuckle as well as the yield and the content of active components of Lonicera japonica,and provide scientific basis for field management on branch blight disease and quality evaluation.Method: The yield of honeysuckle was measured by the number of buds and their total weight harvested at the first full-bloom stage.The contents of chlorogenic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucosid in honeysuckle samples andthe contents of chlorogenic acid and loganin in the L. japonica caulis from all grades of L. japonica were measured according to method illustrated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015).Result: The average number,fresh weight and dry weight of buds per plant from grade 0 grade 7 were significantly different (P<0.01). Among them,healthy plants had the highest quantity of buds and grade 7 plant had the lowest quantity. The higher the disease grade,the smaller the amount of buds and the lower the yield. The contents of active components including chlorogenic acid and luteolin-7-O -glucosid in honeysuckle samples andchlorogenic acid and loganin in the L. japonica caulis from all disease grades were in line with the standards in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015). The content of chlorogenic acid in all honeysuckle samples ranged from 2.31% to 3.46%,among which the content of chlorogenic acid in the honeysuckle sample from grade 1 of diseased tree was the highest,while that from grade 0 (healthy plant) was the lowest. The content of chlorogenic acid in the samples from diseased tree was significantly higher than that from healthy plants (P<0.01).The content of luteolin-7-O -glucosid in honeysuckle samples ranged from 0.050% to 0.065%,among which the content of luteolin-7-O -glucosid from the grade 0 honeysuckle sample was the lowest. The content of luteolin-7-O -glucosid in healthy plants was significantly different from other disease grades (P<0.01). The content of chlorogenic acid in L. japonica caulis was 0.43% to 0.54%,and the content of chlorogenic acid in healthy plants was higher than that in other disease-grade plants (P <0.01). The content of loganin in L. japonica caulis was 0.82% to 1.58%,and the content of loganin in all diseased sample plants of L. japonica caulis was significantly lower than that in healthy ones(P <0.01).Conclusion: The branch blight disease was beneficial to the accumulation of chlorogenic acid and Luteolin in honeysuckle, but could significantly decrease the yield and the contents of chlorogenic acid and loganin in the L. japonica caulis.关键词：Lonicera japonica;branch blight;honeysuckle;Lonicera japonica caulis;yield6|5|1更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To determine the contents of arsenic(As),barium(Ba),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),copper(Cu),mercury(Hg),nickel(Ni),lead(Pb) and harmful elements in 10 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials(Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma,Sanguisorbae Radix,Curcumae Rhizoma,etc) from different sources,establish the corresponding basic database for safety assessment of exposure level of the above elements.Method: The samples were pretreated by microwave digestion,and scandium(Sc),germanium(Ge),indium(In) and bismuth(Bi) were used as internal standards.The content of heavy metals was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Result: Most of these 8 elements determined in samples were within the limits.The contents of elements in different varieties were different,and the contents of most elements in Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma chinensis and Asteris Radix et Rhizoma were higher than those in other species.Except for almost no correlation between Hg and Cd with other elements,the 6 elements of Cr,Ni,As,Cu,Pb and Ba almost had significant positive correlation with each other.Conclusion: Exceeding the standard of heavy metals in medicinal herbs is affected by many factors,such as origin,environment,soil,etc;which needs to be strengthened to supervise and control strictly and ensure the quality and safety of medicinal herbs.The establishment of this database provides a reference for formulation of safety standards of Chinese medicines.关键词：inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry;Chinese herbal medicines;heavy metals;harmful elements;safety;methodological investigation;box-plot9|5|3更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To compare the yield and quality of volatile oil extracted from branches and leaves of Cinnamomum camphora during different harvest periods.Method: Firstly,collected branches and leaves of C. camphora with different growth years and months.And volatile oil from them was extracted by steam distillation and yield of volatile oil was calculated.Then the main components in volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS,and the contents of isoborneol,borneol and camphor in volatile oil were separated and analyzed by GC.Result: The yield of volatile oil from branches and leaves of C. camphora with growth period of 2 years was slightly higher than 3 years,and had less component types.GC-MS peak area of borneol accounted for more than 80% of the total peak area of the main components.The yield of volatile oil from fresh leaves of C. camphora with growth period of 2 years was highest at the end of November,up to 1.37%,the content of borneol was higher than 70% in samples at every month,which reached 87% in May,while the content of camphor was lowest in November,only 0.32%.However,there was almost no isoborneol in all of the volatile oil samples.Conclusion: The best harvest time for C. camphora is 2 years,and the best harvest period was from the end of November to the beginning of December.In addition,a gas chromatography method,which is accurate,reliable and reproducible,can be used for the determination of three components at the same time,which can provide a basis for the quality evaluation of volatile oil in branches and leaves of C. camphora.关键词：Cinnamomum camphora;volatile oil;borneol;gas chromatography (GC);GC-mass spectrometry;camphor;natural borneol9|6|7更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To study the effect of different concentrations of IAA,IBA,6-BA and GA3 on the germination and seedling growth of medicinal plant Polygala tenuiflora.Method: P. tenuifolia seeds were treated with four exogenous hormones with different concentrations. The germination potential,germination rate,germination index and vigor index were measured with distilled water as control. After germination, the plant height,root length,fresh weight and dry weight were measured.Result: Compared with distilled water control group,different concentrations of GA3 solution had an effect in promoting the germination and seedling growth of P. tenuifolia; 10,20,30 mg·L-1 IAA,20,30 mg·L-1 IBA and 20,30 mg·L-16-BA had different effects in promoting the germination of P. tenuifolia. Under the conditions of IAA,IBA,6-BA ≥ 40 mg·L-1 and IBA,6-BA ≤ 10 mg·L-1,the germination rate of P. tenuifolia seeds was inhibited to varying extent. IAA,IBA and 6-BA showed different degrees of inhibition on the seedling growth of P. tenuifolia after exogenous hormone treatment. By the overall effect, the order was GA3 > IAA > IBA > 6-BA. Among them,treatment with 150 mg·L-1 GA3 had the best effect,the germination rate and vigor index were respectively 1.17 times and 2.13 times that of the control group,and had obvious effects on the early growth of seedlings, such as seedling root elongation and fresh weight increase.Conclusion: By studying the effects of different exogenous hormones soaking seeds on the seed germination and seedling growth of P. tenuifolia,the exogenous hormones with the promoting effect are screened out, in order to provide certain theoretical basis and data reference for the cultivation and artificial cultivation of P. tenuifolia.关键词：Polygala tenuifolia;exogenous hormones;germination;seedling8|5|7更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To study the chemical constituents from 70% ethanol fraction of Aralia taibaiensis cortex and evaluate its potential in sustainable utilization as medicinal resources from pharmacodynamics.Method: The 3 kg A. taibaiensis cortex medicinal materials were crushed into coarse powder,extracted by 70% ethanol,and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain extract. The extract was added with appropriate amount of water to get the sample solution which was then adsorbed by 101 macroporous resin column chromatography. Water and 70% ethanol were used for elution and two corresponding fractions were obtained. The 70% ethanol fraction was separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography,semi-preparative HPLC and recrystallization,and their structures were identified by NMR and MS,physicochemical properties and reference literature.Result: Twelve triterpenoid saponin compounds were obtained and elucidated as araliasaponin Ⅻ(1),chikusetsusaponin 1(2),chikusetsusaponin Ⅳa(3),tarasaponin Ⅴ(4),yuzhizioside Ⅳ(5),elatoside F(6),araliasaponin Ⅱ(7),araliasaponin Ⅵ(8),araliasaponin Ⅲ(9),araloside A(10),narcissiflorine(11),and 3-O-[β-D-rhamnose(1→2)-α-L-arabinose]-28-O-[β-D-glucose(1→6)-β-D-glucose] oleanlic acid(12).Conclusion: Compounds 6-9 and 12 were isolated from Aralia taibaiensis for the first time. Compound 5 was isolated from A. chinensis cortex for the first time.关键词：Aralia taibaiensis cortex;triterpenoid saponin;structural identification;yuzhizioside Ⅳ6|5|4更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To identify the chromatographic components of 60% methanol extract in Cistanches Herba cultured in Tarim desert by HPLC-MS.Method: HPLC-MS analysis was performed on a Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution by gradient elution at the flow rate of 1 mL·min-1,and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. The column temperature was set at 25℃,and the injection volume was 10 μL.Result: Sixteen chromatographic peaks/seventeen components were accurately identified by comparing the retention time,molecular weights and fragment ions of the compounds we isolated and identified. These chromatographic components were determined as coniferin,demethyl syringin,syringin,echinacoside,cistanoside A,verbascoside (tubuloside A),cistanoside B,isoverbascoside,2'-acetylcistanoside A,cistanoside C,isocistanoside C,2'-acetylverbascoside,tubuloside B,epimeridinoside A,cistanoside K and cistanoside J.Conclusion: The HPLC-MS method is suitable for the identification of the chromatographic components of 60% methanol extract in Cistanches Herba. This study will provide the scientific evidence for comprehensively analyzing the chemical constituents of this medicinal herb.关键词：Cistanches Herba;Cistanche;HPLC-MS;methanol extract6|6|6更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound Shensu Ⅱ(Shensu Ⅱ) and analyze its chemical components for its quality control and medicinal substance study.Method: Waters Symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The detective wave length was 280 nm; the column temperature was set at 30℃; the injection volume was 10 μL; and the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. 10 batches of Shensu Ⅱ samples were detected; their HPLC fingerprint was established by using Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM, and common peaks were identified through controls. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS was used to analyze the chemical components.Result: Fingerprints of 10 batches of Shensu Ⅱ were established and 15 common peaks were identified. The peaks were well separated, and the relative retention time of common peaks in each batch had RSD of<1.3% respectively; the similarity was more than 0.9 among different samples. Baicalin was identified as the characteristic peak, and 26 chemical components were identified as follows:ferulic acid, wogonin, calycosin, oroxylin A, chrysin-6-C-arabinose-8-C-glucoside, 5,7-dyhydroxy-2'-methoxy flavone-7-O-glucuronide, 5,7,2',5'-tetrahydroxy-8,6'-dimethoxyflavanone, chrysin-6-C-glucose-8-C-arabinoside, tenaxin Ⅱ, trihydroxy-monomethoxy flavone, trihydroxy-dimethoxylflavone, formononetin, 5,7,8-trihydroxyflavone, baicalein, norwogonin, baicalin, baicalin isomer, 5,7,8-trihydroxy-6-methoxylflavone-7-O-glucuronide, chrysin, qroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide, wogonoside, astragalin, dyhydroxy-dimethoxylflavone, kumatakenin, trihydroxy-trihydroxyflavone, and skullcapflavone Ⅱ.Conclusion: The method can be used for the quality control of ShensuⅡ with good precision, high accuracy and reproducibility, providing basis for further studies on therapeutic efficacy of Shensu Ⅱ.关键词：compound Shensu Ⅱ;HPLC;fingerprint;chemical component;quality control7|5|1更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To Compare the content of catalpol,acteoside,rehmaionoside A,rehmaionoside D, leonuride and polysaccharide between radial striations and non-radial striations of Rehmannia glutinosa during growth with six germplasms(Qinhuai,85-5,Beijing-1,QH-1,1706,Baixuan), and analyze the component differences and quality characteristics of radial striations in different germplasm resources of R. glutinosa, in order to provides a reference for quality evaluation and geoherbalism of R. glutinosa.Method: The method to determine the contents of catalpol and acteoside consulted Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition. The contents of rehmaionoside A,rehmaionoside D and leonuride were determined by HPLC. Chromatographic column was Dikma Diamonsil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm), with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water(4:96);flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1;detection wavelength was 205 nm;column temperature was 30℃;sample size was 20 μL. The content of polysaccharide was determined by phenol sulfate method.Result: There were significant differences in accumulation amount between radial striations and non-radial striations, particularly in tuberous root with different germplasms R. glutinosa. The content of catalpol in radial striations was far higher than that in non-radial striations of 85-5 and 1706,whereas that in non-radial striations was far higher than that in radial striations of Beijing-1 and QH-1.The content of acteoside in radial striations was far higher than that in un-radial striations of 85-5,1706 and QH-1, but with a relatively uniform distribution of the other three germplasms. The content of rehmaionoside A in non-radial striations was higher than that in radial striations evidently of Qinhuai and Beijing-1.The content of rehmaionoside D in non-radial striations was higher than that in radial striations,but it was substantial consistent with the other three germplasms. The content of leonuride was substantial consistent with radial striations and non-radial striations of 85-5,Baixuan,1706;but the content in radial striations was far higher than non-radial striations of Qinhuai,Beijing-1,QH-1, with up to 2-4 times of differences. The content of polysaccharide in non-radial striations was higher than that in radial striations of all six germplasms.Conclusion: The accumulation and distribute of secondary metabolite between radial striations and non-radial striations in the tuberous root of R. glutinosa were decided by germplasms resource to a certain degree.关键词：Rehmannia glutinosa;radial striations;Qinhuai;85-5;Beijing-1;QH-1;1706;Baixuan4|5|6更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To establish a analytical method combining graphene-stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the active components of flavonoids in Camellia chrysantha flos and the relative content of total flavonoids.Method: Activated carbon from rice straw was made to prepare the graphene polymer,and the factors affecting SBSE (such as selection of extraction coatings,extraction temperature and time) were optimized. Then GC-MS was used to identify the active components of flavonoids in C. chrysantha flos and determine the relative content of total flavonoids by using peak area normalization method under the optimized conditions.Result: Flavonoids in C. chrysantha flos were identified as catechin,epigallocatechin (EGC),catechol (C),quercetin-7-O-glucoside,rutin,isoquercitrin,quercetin,kaempferol,anthocyanins,epigallocatechin gallate (CG),and epigallocatechin gallate (CG) etc. The relative content of total flavonoids (mainly including quercetin and kaempferol) reached 3.0%. After 6 tests of the same sample, the total peak area of the total flavonoids in C. chrysantha flos was used as the evaluation index,with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.0%.Conclusion: The method separated and identified 24 components by SBSE-GC-MS,and the results indicated good reproducibility and appropriateness of the method to test the flavonoids in C. chrysantha flos, providing theoretical reference for further studies on flavonoids in C. chrysantha flos.关键词：graphene-SBSE;GC-MS;Camellia chrysantha flos;flavonoids7|5|2更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To analyze X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrum of Realgar nanoparticles processed(NRPP),and compare the differences of crystal structures before and after processing.Method: XRD and Raman spectrum were applied to measure the phase composition and shape of crystal structures of 6 batches of Realgar,6 batches of water processed Realgar and 6 batches of NRPP.Result: XRD analysis showed that Realgar and water processed Realgar were β-As4S4; NRPP1,NRPP5 and NRPP6 batches were β-As4S4; while NRPP2,NRPP3 and NRPP4 batches were the mixture of β-As4S4 and α-AsS. Raman spectroscopy analysis indicated that the strong characteristic Raman peaks appeared at the wave number locations of 360-362,342-344,185-187,and 164-166 cm-1 for Realgar,water processed Realgar and NRPP.Conclusion: Combined X-ray diffraction with Raman spectrum can better reflect the characteristic absorption peak of NRPP and can be applied for the identification and analysis of NRPP. There is no change on the crystal structure of Realgar normally processed by water,but the structure is changed by nano-acid water processing.关键词：Realgar;process;Realgar nanoparticles processed (NRPP);X-ray diffraction;Raman spectrum7|5|5更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the antitumor mechanism of diosgenin from the overall level of tumor cells by cell metabonomics strategy based on UPLC-MS/MS.Method: The anticancer effect of diosgenin on 12 kinds of human tumor cells was determined by methyl thiazol tetrazolium(MTT) assay and the corresponding half-inhibitory concentration(IC50) was obtained.After treatment with or without diosgenin for 48 h,the cells were collected and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS,followed by multivariate data analysis and pathway analysis.Result: Under the intervention of diosgenin,11 metabolites were identified as candidates for tumor cells.Pathway analysis revealed that the changes of metabolites mainly related to alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,biosynthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA,glutamine and glutamate metabolism,purine metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism.Meanwhile,the inhibitory effect of diosgenin on 12 kinds of human tumor cells was significantly different.Conclusion: These findings enrich the antitumor spectrum of diosgenin and provide its potential antitumor mechanism from in vitro cell level and metabolic pathway.This study can provide experimental basis for further tumor pharmacology of diosgenin.关键词：diosgenin;cell metabonomics;antitumor;mechanism of action;metabolic pathway;half-inhibitory concentration11|5|2更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To explore the mechanism of Jinqi Jiangtang tablets on improving lipid metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetic rats from the perspective of metabonomics.Method: Type 2 diabetes mellitus model was established in 45 male Wistar rats fed with high fat diet and 3 times of intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ,35 mg·kg-1).After successful modeling,the rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group and Jinqi Jiangtang tablets group.Jinqi Jiangtang tablets group was administered continuously for 4 weeks.At the end of administration,the blood was taken from the abdominal aorta and the blood lipid level was detected by a semi automatic biochemical analyzer,the pathological changes of the liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining;the blood samples in different groups were detected by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS.Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) were used to screen the differential metabolites among the normal group,model group and Jinqi Jiangtang tablets group,these differential metabolites were identified by mass spectrometry information and public database retrieval,and their metabolic pathways of the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) were analyzed.Result: Compared with the normal group,the level of blood lipid in the model group was significantly increased,the serum lipids in Jinqi Jiangtang tablets group were significantly lower than those in the model group.In the model group,obvious fatty granulocytes appeared in the liver,the hepatocyte fat granulocytes were significantly decreased in the administration group.There were 12 kinds of endogenous substances with significant changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus model group and the normal group.After intervention with Jinqi Jiangtang tablets,the levels of arachidonic acid,L-carnitine,lyso-phosphatidylcholine(LysoPC)(17:0),LysoPC(P-18:0),LysoPC[22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)] and stearyl carnitine showed a different degree of callback.A key metabolic pathway,arachidonic acid pathway,was obtained by further analysis of the metabolic pathway.Conclusion: Jinqi Jiangtang tablets has a certain callback effect on the differential metabolites of lipid metabolism in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and its mechanism is mainly related to arachidonic acid metabolic pathway.关键词：Jinqi Jiangtang tablets;metabonomics;type 2 diabetes;lipid metabolism disorder;biomarkers;arachidonic acid;lyso-phosphatidylcholine6|6|9更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To observe pharmacodynamics index and effect of water decoction from Plantaginis Semen on Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), fapoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and cysteine-aspartic acid protease-1 (Caspase-1) of kidneys of rats with gouty nephropathy (GN), in order to investigate its renal protective effect and preliminary mechanism.Method: Adenine and yeast were used to make rat models of GN. The therapeutic effect and mechanism of water decoction from Plantaginis Semen on GN were studied by detecting the kidney characteristics and weight index; the levels of serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (SCr), cereal third transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkalinephosphatase (ALP); renal histopathological reduced under light microscope; the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical methods.Result: Compared with the model group, the volumes of kidneys in allopurinol group and water decoction from Plantaginis Semen groups were smaller; the kidney weight index in allopurinol group and middle-dose water decoction from Plantaginis Semen group were lower, and the figure was significantly lower in high-dose group; the expression levels of UA, BUN, SCr, ALT, AST, ALP in serum in allopurinol group and water decoction from Plantaginis Semen groups were lower (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the pathological changes in renal tissues in GN model rats were relieved, especially in high and middle-dose water decoction from Plantaginis Semen groups. Compared with the model group, the protein expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 in kidney tissues in allopurinol group and high-dose water decoction from Plantaginis Semen group were down-regulated(P<0.05, P<0.01), only the protein expression level of NLRP3 was down-regulated in middle-dose group(P<0.05).Conclusion: Water decoction from Plantaginis Semen may protect rats with GN by down-regulating the protein expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and inhibiting release of downstream inflammatory factors.关键词：Plantaginis Semen;gouty nephropathy;Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3);renal protection;mechanism8|5|6更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To develop new Chinese medicine compound Jiangya Kangxian decoction for the treatment of hypertensive myocardial fibrosis using network pharmacology and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, in order to explore its therapeutic effect on hypertensive myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Method: Data of Chinese herbs, ingredients, targets and diseases was obtained from traditional Chinese medine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) databases. Chinese herbs that can act on targets of hypertension and myocardial fibrosis were selected using Cytoscape, and then further screened out according to TCM theory of syndrome differentiation, in order to into a new Chinese medicine compound on the basis of the principles of formula composition. Five rats with normal blood pressure (WKY) were taken as blank group; 30 12-week-old SHR rats were taken as the study object and randomly divided into five groups:spontaneous hypertensive rat group (SHR), low-dose Jiangya Kangxian decoction group (KXL, 2 g·kg-1), moderate-dose Jiangya Kangxian decoction group (KXM, 4 g·kg-1), high-dose Jiangya Kangxian decoction group (KXH, 8 g·kg-1) and captopril positive control group (CAP, 13.5 mg·kg-1). The rats were orally administered with drugs for consecutively 20 weeks and then fasted for 12 h before being put to death.The noninvasive tail voltmeter and Color Doppler were used to detect blood pressure and cardiac function. Tissue staining and biochemical kit were used to observed heart histomorphology and serum biochemical indexes.Result: It was confirmed that Jiangya Kangxian decoction consists of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Spatholobi Caulis and Citri Grandis Exocarpium. The results of animal experiments showed that, compared with the normal group, the blood pressure of the model group increased significantly (P<0.01), the cardiac function index decreased (P<0.01), the levels of serum myocardial enzymes increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the level of inflammatory factors was increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the model group, each drug group could effectively reverse the above indicators (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion: Jiangya Kangxian decoction constructed by network pharmacology and TCM theory has a therapeutic effect on hypertensive myocardial fibrosis in SHR, with no side effects on liver and kidney.关键词：network pharmacology;Chinese herbal compound;hypertension;myocardial fibrosis;spontaneous hypertensive rat9|6|9更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the effect of the whole prescription and decomposed recipes of Tiaomai drink on the electrocardiogram changes of experimental tachyarrthythmia rats and the mRNA expression levels of α1c sub-units in L-type calcium channels (LTCC) of myocardium.Method: The 60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the model group, Tiaomai drink whole prescription group (22 g·kg-1), blood cooling and heat clearing medicine group (7 g·kg-1), Qi-regulating and blood flow promoting medicine group (7.5 g·kg-1), Qi and heart tonifying medicine group (7.5 g·kg-1), and western medicine group (amiodarone, 100 mg·kg-1). Except those in model group, corresponding dose of medicines was given in other groups for 7 days. Sublingual intravenous injection of aconitine was used for modeling, and then the time to have ventricular premature beat, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and death was recorded respectively. Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) and Western blot were respectively used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of LTCCα1c sub-units in rat myocardial tissue.Result: As compared with the model group, there was a delay in ventricular premature beats in the whole prescription group, blood cooling group and the western medicine group, among which the time delay of ventricular premature beat was obvious in the whole prescription group and the western medicine group (P<0.005, P<0.01); the time of ventricular tachycardia was significantly delayed in the whole prescription group, blood cooling group and western medicine group (P<0.05); the time of ventricular fibrillation was significantly delayed in the whole prescription group, blood cooling group and western medicine group (P<0.05, P<0.01); the death time was significantly delayed in the whole prescription group, blood cooling group and western medicine group (P<0.05, P<0.01). As compared with the model group, the mRNA expression of myocardial LTCCα1c was decreased in the whole prescription group, blood cooling group and the western medicine group, and the whole prescription group and the western medicine group were significantly different from the model group (P<0.01); the protein expression of myocardial LTCCα1c was significantly decreased in the whole prescription group, blood cooling group and the western medicine group.Conclusion: The whole prescription as well as blood cooling and heat clearing medicine were effective for experimental tachyarrhythmia, and the mechanism may be related to the intervention on the mRNA expression level of the myocardial tissue L-type calcium channel.关键词：Tiaomai drink;decomposed recipe study;tachyarrhythmia;blood cooling and heat clearing;L-type calcium channels5|5|2更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To study the effect of Bushen Jianpi Huoxue recipe(BSJPHX) on bone morphogenetic protein2(BMP2)/Smad signaling pathway in ovariectomized rats.Method: Seventy-two female SD rats aged 6 months were randomly divided into sham group (24) and operation group(48). The rats were ovariectomized to reproduce the model of osteoporosis.After 3 months, 12 rats were randomly selected to measure bone mineral density, so as to verify successful modeling in each group.The remaining 36 rats in the operation group were randomly divided into ovarietomized(OVX) group,BSJPHX(2.979 g·kg-1) group and alendronate sodium and vitamin D3 tablets (ALN, 1.02 mg·kg-1) group. After 12 weeks,bone mineral density in lumbar vertebrae was measured by dual energy X-ray. Biomechanical test was performed to tibia.Expressions of BMP2, Smad1, Runt related transcription factor 2(Runx2), and osteoprotegerin(OPG) genes were detected by Real-time PCR. Expressions of BMP2, p-Smad1, Runx2, OPG protein was detected by Western blot.Result: After 3 months of modeling, compared with sham group, the BMD of rats in OVX group was significantly lower, both the maximum load and rigidity reduced (P<0.05); after 3 months of administration, compared with OVX group, the bone mineral density of BSJPHX and ALN groups was significantly higher, both the maximum load and rigidity increased, and expression levels of BMP2, Smad1, Runx2, and OPG genes significantly increased (P<0.05).Conclusion: BSJPHX can not only regulate BMP2/Smad pathway, but also up-regulate the expression of OPG, which may be one of the mechanisms of BSJPHX in prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.关键词：Bushen Jianpi Huoxue recipe;ovariectomized rats;bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP2)/Smad signaling pathway;postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP);osteoprotegerin (OPG)6|5|8更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To study the effect of phytoestrogenic components of betulin and the addition of receptor blocker (ICI182780) on melanin synthesis and its mechanism on A375 cells.Method: 1 μmol·L-1 betulin was applied to A375 melanocytes and then the experimental cells were divided into blank group (DMEM complete culture fluid), estradiol group (1×10-3 μmol·L-1), betulin group (1 μmol·L-1), and betulin + ICI182780 group (1 μmol·L-1 + 1 μmol·L-1). Melanin content was determined by NaOH lysis; Western blot, and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) were used to determine the protein content and mRNA expression of key protein kinase mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) p38 in estrogen receptor(ER)/mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2(ERK2) and micrometamorphic-related transcription factor(MITF), dopa oxidation assay for tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein-1(TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2(TRP-2).Result: As compared with the blank group, betulin group and betulin + ICI182780 group had significant inhibition on melanin synthesis in A375 cells (P<0.01); 1 μmol·L-1 betulin had different inhibitory effects on expression of the above proteins in A375 cells (P<0.05,P<0.01), as well as on ERK2, MITF, and TRP-1(P<0.05,P<0.01) mRNA expression (P<0.05,P<0.01). As compared with the betulin group, ICI182780 can reverse the inhibitory effect of betulin on melanin synthesis of A375 cells(P<0.01); ICI182780 can reverse the inhibitory effect of betulin on the above protein expression in A375 cells as well as mRNA expression of ERK2, MITF, and TRP-1(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion: Betulin can down-regulate the expression levels of MITF, TYR, TRP-1 and TRP-2 proteins through ER-MAPK signaling pathway, thus reducing melanin synthesis.关键词：betulin;phytoestrogens;A375 cells;chloasma;estrogen receptor;mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway8|5|0更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To compare the subacute liver and kidney toxicity of geniposide in normal and jaundice rats, and provide a scientific basis for clinical use of gardenia.Method: The 80 SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups:blank group, normal rats low, medium and high dose administration groups (60,180, 360 mg·kg-1), jaundice model control group and jaundice model low, medium and high dose administration groups. Jaundice model was induced by α-naphthalene isothiocyanate (ANIT), and geniposide was given by intragastric administration after 24 hours. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (SCr) activity were measured on the 7th day and the 14th day after administration. Rat liver and kidney tissues were harvested for pathological examination.Result: Compared with the blank group, TBIL and SCr were significantly increased in the normal rats middle and high dose groups on the 7th and 14th days (P <0.05, P <0.01); the levels of ALT, AST and TBIL were significantly increased in rats of jaundice model group (P <0.05, P <0.01). Compared with jaundice model group, AST level of jaundice model low and medium dose groups was significantly increased on the 7th and 14th days (P <0.01), and the TBIL and BUN levels were increased in jaundice model medium dose group (P<0.05). 7 days after ig administration, all the rats died successively in jaundice model high-dose group. The pathological section showed:after administration in normal rats, very mild inflammatory cell infiltration and basophilic changes in renal tubulars appeared, model control group and jaundice rats in each dose group showed bile duct epithelial hyperplasia, fibrous tissue hyperplasia, and the severity was increased with dose increasing.Conclusion: The ig administration of geniposide at a dose of more than 180 mg·kg-1 (equivalent to about 55 g·d-1 for Gardeniae Fructus) can cause hepatic and renal damage to normal and jaundice rats after 14 days of continuous intragastric administration. When the dose was over 60 mg·kg-1, the liver injury in jaundice model rats was aggravated, and the severity was increased with dose increase.关键词：geniposide;jaundice model;subacute toxicity;hepatotoxicity;nephrotoxicity7|5|8更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To study the pharmacological mechanism of ethanol extract of infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea (EPS) treatment on CNE1 and CNE2 cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Method: NPC cells (CNE1 and CNE2) were taken as the research objects and treated with 0 (blank group), 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g·L-1 for 24 h. The effect of EPS on viability of CNE1 and CNE2 cells were detected by (4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. After CNE1 and CNE2 cells were treated with 1.0 g·L-1 EPS for 24 h, the morphological changes of the cells were observed by inverted microscope. The changes of organelles were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of CNE1 and CNE2 cells induced by EPS. The differential genes in the cells were detected by nucleotide high throughput sequencing, and the expression levels of HRas proto-oncogene (HRAS), extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Fos proto-oncogene (c-Fos) proteins were detected by Western blot (WB).Result: As compared with blank control group,EPS could significantly inhibit the growth of CNE1 and CNE2 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05).After being treated with EPS, CNE1 and CNE2 cells showed a large number of vacuoles, and the vacuoles became confluent with each other and became larger and larger. Finally, the cell membrane ruptured and the nucleus did not change obviously. EPS could not promote CNE1 and CNE2 cells apoptosis and NPC cells had obvious characteristic methuosis changes in the observation under phase contrast microscope. RNA sequencing results showed that renin-angiotensinsystem (RAS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was involved. WB results showed that as compared with the blank control group, EPS could reduce the protein expression levels of HRAS, c-Fos and ERK1/2,but increase the protein expression levels of p-ERK1/2 (P<0.05).Conclusion: EPS can induce methuosis death in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE1 and CNE2 through regulating RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, thus leading to confluence of cells and resulting in a large number of vacuoles.关键词：nasopharyngeal carcinoma;ethanol extract of infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea;mitogen-activated protein kinase;methuosis7|5|2更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of Bushen Tongluo decoction(BSTL) on the glucose metabolism of osteoporosis of ovariectomized rat model based on the expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α(PGC-1α) and glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) in fat and muscle.Method: Female rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group (n=22) and the operation group (n=60); and all of them underwent ovary resection for modeling. 70 days after surgery, 10 rats from the two groups were randomly selected and put to death, and their right femurs were collected. The dual-energy X-ray bone density instrument was used to test whether the models were successful or not. After the successful modeling, the sham-operated group still had 12 rats, and the operation group still had 48 rats. The operation group was divided into model group, kidney-tonifying drugs group (5.4 g·kg-1), deoppilant group (0.9 g·kg-1), and BSTL group (6.3 g·kg-1), with 12 rats in each group. The osteoporosis rat model was respectively given kidney-tonifying drugs, deoppilant, and BSTL by gavage for 70 days. Blood glucose and bone mineral density (BMD) of the rat model were tested after the experiment. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PGC-1α and GLUT4 were detected in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle by Real-time PCR and Western blot.Result: Compared with the sham-operated group, the blood glucose of model groups was raised. The expression levels of BMD, PGC-1α and GLUT4 in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were obviously declined (P<0.01). Compare with model groups, the blood glucose level of BSTL was decreased (P<0.01), and the expression levels of PGC-1α and GLUT4 were increased remarkably both in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion: BSTL increases the expression of GLUT4 and the level of glucose metabolism by promoting the expression of PGC-1α in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.关键词：Bushen Tongluo decoction;insulin resistance;glucose metabolism;peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α(PGC-1α);glucose transporter 4(GLUT4);osteoporosis8|5|1更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the effects of Yangyin Shugan granule(YYSG) on ovarian function in rats with diminished ovarian function, and explore its effect on B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), and cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3(Caspase-3) protein expression.Method: SD female rats with estrous cycle rules were selected, 10 used as blank group, and the others were used to establish diminished ovarian function model by injecting 160 mg·kg-1 4-vinylcyclohexenediepoxide (VCD) into enterocoelia. 56 model rats with diminished ovarian function were randomly divided into 5 groups:model group, low-, middle-, high-dosage YYSG groups, and Kuntai capsule group, n=11 on each group (n=12 in model group). The YYSG groups (2.1, 4.2, 8.4 g·kg-1) and Kuntai capsule group had intragastric administration for 4 weeks after the model establishment. Then the ovarian weight was measured and follicle count was calculated. The levels of serum sex hormones[follicule-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)] were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 in ovarian tissue were detected by Western blot.Result: As compared with the normal group, the ovary weight and ovary index were decreased (P<0.01), Atresia follicle count was decreased (P<0.01), FSH level was increased (P<0.01), E2 and AMH levels were decreased (P<0.05), Bcl-2 protein expressions were decreased (P<0.01), and Bax and Caspase-3 protein expressions were increased(P<0.01) in model group. As compared with the model group, the ovary weights of YYSG groups were increased(P<0.05,P<0.01); YYSG granule and Kuntai capsule could increase the ovarian index(P<0.05,P<0.01); YYSG granule could reduce the numbers of atresia follicles(P<0.05); YYSG granule and Kuntai capsule could decrease FSH level but increase E2 and AMH levels(P<0.05), increase the expression of Bcl-2 protein(P<0.01), and decrease the expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3 protein(P<0.01).Conclusion: YYSG could improve the ovarian function of rats with diminished ovarian function and the mechanisms may be associated with anti-apoptosis.关键词：Yangyin Shugan granule;diminished ovarian function;4-vinylcyclohexenediepoxide (VCD);cell apoptosis6|5|3更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of oleuropein (OL) on insulin signal transduction in insulin resistant HepG2 hepatocytes.Method: Routine resuscitation HepG2 cells were cultured in DMEM medium (10%FBS+1% streptomycin), incubated in 5%CO2 cell incubator at 37℃, and the routine cell culture was spread to third generation for stand-by. The insulin resistant hepatocyte model was established by stimulating HepG2 hepatocytes for 36 h with 1×10-6 mol·L-1 insulin solution. Then the cells were divided into model group, OL group (50 μmol·L-1), and normal HepG2 hepatocytes were also used as a normal group. Each group had 6 duplicate holes and three times repeated. After 24 h of starvation culture, the logarithmic growth phase cells were induced to establish insulin resistance model. After drug intervention for 36 h, the effect of OL on cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). After intervention by OL, Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) and Western blot were used to respectively detect mRNA and protein expression levels of insulin receptor (InsR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) in liver cells.Result: As compared with normal group, cell viability was reduced significantly in model group (P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expressions of InsR, IRS-1, GLUT-2 were significantly decreased (P<0.05,P<0.01). As compared with model group, the cell viability of HepG2 cells was significantly increased after OL intervention (P<0.01); the mRNA and protein expressions of InsR, IRS-1, and GLUT-2 were significantly increased (P<0.05, P <0.01).Conclusion: OL can reduce the blood glucose and improve the insulin resistance, and the mechanism may be related to up-regulating the mRNA and protein expressions of InsR, IRS-1, and GLUT-2 in HepG2 cells.关键词：oleuropein;type 2 diabetes;insulin resistance;HepG2 cells;insulin recrptor (InsR);insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1);glucose transporter-2(GLUT-2)7|5|1更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Kuandonghua San for the treatment of acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis with the phlegm-heat stagnation syndrome.Method: A total of 100 eligible patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group through random number table, 50 cases in each group. The patients in treatment group were treated with conventional western medicine and oral Kuandonghua San, while the patients in control group were only treated with conventional western medicine. The treatment was seven days in both groups.Clinical symptom and sign scores, curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome, blood inflammatory markers, blood gas analysis and adverse drug reactions were evaluated and compared between two groups.Result: As compared with the conditions before treatment, clinical symptom and sign scores (degree of cough, sputum volume, sputum color, sputum nature, degree of thirst, degree of constipation and degree of urine color) were decreased significantly after treatment in both groups, and those scores in treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 92% in treatment group, higher than 80% in control group (P<0.01). As compared with the levels before treatment, the levels of blood inflammatory markers (white blood cell count, neutrophil count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rapid C reactive protein, and procalcitonin) were significantly decreased after treatment in both groups, and the levels in treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). In addition, both groups showed improvement in blood-gas analysis (the partial pressure of oxygen and partial pressure of carbon dioxide) after treatment in both groups, and the effect was more obvious in treatment (P<0.01). Mild diarrhea occurred in two patients of the treatment group, but was completely recovered after proper medical treatment, without affecting the subsequent treatment.Conclusion: Conventional western medicine combined with Kuandonghua San can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients, increase the the total effective rate, reduce the levels of blood inflammatory markers, and improve blood-gas analysis parameters. It may be an effective treatment for patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis with the phlegm-heat stagnation syndrome, which is worthy of clinical popularization and application.关键词：Kuandonghua San;bronchiectasis;acute exacerbation;phlegm-heat stagnation syndrome;randomized controlled clinical trial6|7|5更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of Bushen Yangxue Antaitang on patients with threatened abortion combined with hypothyroidism of kidney-Yang deficiency type and its effect on their pregnant hormone level and thyroid function.Method: Totally 144 patients with threatened abortion combined with hypothyroidism of kidney-Yang deficiency type admitted in our hospital from February 2016 to June 2017 were selected as the subjects of this study, numbered according to the admission sequence and divided into two groups on the basis of random number table, with 72 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Euthyrox, while observation group was given Bushen Yangxue Antaitang in addition to the therapy of control group. The clinical efficacy of two groups was evaluated after 2 weeks of treatment, in order to compare the changes of pregnant hormone and thyroid function-related indexes before and after treatment between the two groups.Result: After 2 weeks of treatment, the overall effective rate of observation group was 90.28% (65/72), which was much higher than 69.44% (50/72) of control group (P<0.05). After treatment, observation group had significantly higher total T3(TT3), total T4(TT4) levels and lower free T3(FT3), thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) levels compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, control group had much higher TT4 level and lower free T3(FT3), TSH levels compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). Compared with those of control group in the same period after treatment, the TT3 level of observation group was significantly higher (P<0.05), and TSH level of observation group was much lower (P<0.05). The estradiol(E2), progesterone(P)and human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG) levels of both groups were remarkably higher than those before treatment (P<0.05); after treatment, observation group had much higher levels in E2, P and HCG than control group (P<0.05). The serum interleukin(IL)-2 of the two groups after treatment decreased, while IL-10 level of two groups increased significantly compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). The observation group had a much higher IL-10 level than control group in the same period after treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion: Bushen Yangxue Antaitang is effective in treating threatened abortion combined with hypothyroidism of kidney-Yang deficiency type by alleviating clinical symptoms, improving patients' pregnant hormone level and promoting the recovery of their thyroid function.关键词：Bushen Yangxue Antaitang;kidney-Yang deficiency type;threatened abortion;hypothyroidism;pregnant hormone7|6|2更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the effect of modified Bazhentang on psychological factors and anorectal dynamics of patients with encysted rectum after stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR).Method: One hundred and forty patients with encysted rectum after STARR were randomly divided into control group (70 cases) and observation group (70 cases). Patients in control group got Yiqi Tongbian granules, 9 g/time, bid. Patients in observation group got modified Bazhentang, 1 dose/day. The treatment course was 4 weeks in both groups. Before and after treatment, clinical symptoms were discussed by obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS). Quality of life was discussed by patient assessment of constipation-quality of life questionnaire (PAC-QOL). Mental state before and after treatment was discussed by hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and hamilton depression scale (HAMD) respectively. Anorectal manometry and levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and nitric oxide (NO) were detected before and after treatment.Result: Ridit analysis showed that the clinical efficacy in observation group was better than that in control group (P<0.05). Score of ODS in observation group was lower than that in control group at the 4th week after treatment (P<0.01), and the change in ODS scores in observation group was greater than that in control group (P<0.01). Scores of body discomfort, psychological discomfort, worry and satisfaction, as well as the total score in PAC-QOL scale, and the scores in HAMA and HAMD were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). The anal canal resting pressure, maximal contractile pressure of anal sphincter, and residual pressure of anal canal in observation group were all lower than those in control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), and minimum relaxation volume, initial sensory threshold, initial defecation awareness threshold and maximum rectal tolerance were all lower than those in control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), while rectal defecation pressure was greater than that in control group (P<0.05). Levels of VIP and SP in serum were higher than those in control group (P<0.01), and the change in NO level was lower than that in control group (P<0.01).Conclusion: Modified Bazhentang can relieve clinical symptoms, anxiousness and depression, improve quality of life, ameliorate rectal motility and rectal perception function, and regulate level of brain gut peptide factors for the patients with encysted rectum after STARR.关键词：encysted rectum;Bazhentang;constipation;anxiousness;depression;brain gut peptide;anorectal dynamics;rectal perception function7|7|1更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Cuzhong Desheng pills combined with acupuncture and moxibustion therapy of Yuanluo Tongjing to post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) with syndrome of blood stasis blocking brain and investigate its antioxidation.Method: One hundred and fourteen patients were randomly divided into control group (57 cases) and observation group (57 cases) by random number table. Both groups received donepezil tablet, 10 mg/time, qd. Patients in control group got acupuncture and moxibustion therapy of yuanluo tongjing, qd, 6 times/week. Based on the treatment in control group, patients in observation group additionally received Cuzhong Desheng pills, 10 g/time, tid. The treatment course was 4 weeks in both groups. Cognitive function was discussed by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). And before and after treatment, scores of activity of daily living scale (ADL), national institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS) and syndrome of blood stasis blocking brain were graded. Hearing potential of P300 and levels of interleukins-1β (IL-1β), interleukins-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected before and after treatment.Result: Ridit analysis showed that the efficacy of MMSE and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome efficacy in observation group were better than those in control group (P<0.05). Scores of MoCA and MMSE in observation group were higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Score of ADL and level of SOD in observation group were higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Scores of NIHSS and syndrome of blood stasis blocking brain, and levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Incubation periods of N2 and P3 were shorter than those in control group, but amplitude was higher than that in control group (P<0.01).Conclusion: Treatment of Cuzhong Desheng pills combined with acupuncture and moxibustion therapy of Yuanluo Tongjing can ameliorate cognitive function of patients with PSCI and syndrome of blood stasis blocking brain, and can relieve clinical symptoms, improve self-care ability, with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative damage effects.关键词：post-stroke cognitive impairment;syndrome of blood stasis blocking brain;Cuzhong Desheng pills;acupuncture and moxibustion therapy of Yuanluo Tongjing;anti-inflammatory;anti-oxidative damage6|7|2更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba are two commonly used traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) in the treatment of internal diseases. The former could relieve the heat and exterior syndrome, relieve liver and resolve depression, and raise Yang Qi. The latter could nourish Yin, emolliate liver, relieve pain and stabilize liver Yang. The history of combined administration of the two drugs can be traced back to Sinisan in Treatise on Febrile Diseases written by ZHANG Zhong-jing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Radix Bupleuri enters the meridian of the liver and gall bladder, and acts as a monarch drug for rising Yang Qi, relieving liver and resolving depression; and Radix Paeoniae Alba acts as an associate drug for retaining Yin, nourishing blood and emolliating liver. They have been used for thousands of years in China. Liver Qi stagnation syndrome is one of the main subtype of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is characterized by depression. Under the social background, the incidence rate of PMDD continues to rise, which seriously affects the work and life of patients. At present, the studies on the onset of PMDD and the relationship of micro-mechanisms such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) have made many achievements. There have been many studies on the application of TCM in the treatment of the disease, and the combined administration of Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba has a significant curative effect in the treatment of PMDD liver Qi stagnation, but with a lack of relevant reviews. This paper reviews domestic and foreign literatures, with Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae Alba and PMDD liver Qi stagnation syndrome as the key words. In order to guide the clinical application and the development of new drugs, the combined administration of Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba in the treatment of PMDD liver Qi stagnation syndrome was reviewed by analyzing the historical evolution pharmacology, pharmacological analysis and clinical application of drugs pair.关键词：Radix Bupleuri;Radix Paeoniae Alba;premenstrual dysphoric disorder;liver Qi stagnation;compatibility6|8|8更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Autophagy is a widespread phenomenon in eukaryotic cells, with the aim to maintain the intracellular homeostasis and the constant update of intracellular components, and play a crucial regulatory role in maintaining the normal physiological state of cells. It is a way to degradate by relying on lysosomal, has organelles for clearing intracellular protein aggregates and damages, and maintains intracellular homeostasis. At the same time, it is also involved in many physiological and pathological processes of cells, especially closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers have been found to have mechanisms for impacting and inhibiting the occurrence and development of tumor through the regulation of some signaling pathways of autophagy; In addition, TCM has many breakthroughs in the theoretical knowledge of prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This article describes the signal pathways closely related to autophagy, such as rapamycin-targeted protein signaling (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction pathway (PI3K/Akt), reactive oxygen species signaling (ROS) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In addition, it also summarizes the effect of TCM monomers in the treatment of tumor and neurodegenerative diseases by regulating autophagy mechanism and its molecular mechanism of action. Many studies have shown that TCM monomers can improve autophagy via autophagy pathway and play an important role in treatment and prevention of tumor and diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington disease. The study of the effect of TCM monomers in the prevention and treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases provides new ideas and methods, in the expectation of providing basic theoretical support for TCM medicine research workers in exploring the role of TCM in the regulation of autophagy, and find more TCM and its monomeric compounds through the regulation of autophagy for the treatment of tumors, neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases.关键词：autophagy;traditional Chinese medicine monomer;autophagy signal pathway;cancer treatment;neurodegenerative disease6|6|12更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：As Chinese herbal medicines and its preparations have become widely used at home and abroad, their safety problems have also been highlighted and concerned. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely believed to be safe and non-toxic, but the toxicity of TCM is present indeed. At present, the research on the toxicity of TCM is still in the exploration stage, and the basic research still needs to be accumulated; in addition, TCM has its unique characteristics, so it is imperative to deepen its toxicity research and safety evaluation and related products. By integrating the views and results of literature and related research at home and abroad, this paper would successively elucidate related concepts of TCM toxicity and adverse reactions, analyze the hierarchical relationships in TCM toxicity research:descriptive study (toxic reaction characteristics and material basis), interpretive study (toxicity mechanism and pharmacokinetics characteristics), application and management study (detoxification by processing, detoxification by compatibility, risk benefit assessment and clinical management), list the representative examples of toxicological test methods and results (conventional toxicity test, specific toxicity test) as well as the safety evaluation of health food and raw materials, and propose the suggestions and prospects of how to gradually solve the safety problem of TCM (quality standard, scientific preparation and application, and pharmacovigilance, et al), in turn from the aspect of literature background, key problems, classical methods and countermeasures. A picture of TCM safety evaluation would be comprehensively and accurately described,and the innovation in ideas and methods would be introduced to bring a comprehensive and prospective reference for researchers.关键词：Chinese medicinal herb;safety evaluation;detoxification;pharmacovigilance9|6|19更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Atractylodis Rhizoma has a strong dryness effect.At present,the research and its clinical application about dryness of Atractylodis Rhizoma,mostly confined to treat spleen and stomach.However,the ancients thought that Atractylodis Rhizoma can treat all kinds of stubborn edema,wetness and so on.Taking the dryness effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma for the treatment of wetness except spleen wetness also has good prospects,which not only can expand the clinical application of Atractylodis Rhizoma,but also provide new ideas for the treatment of some stubborn edema,wetness disease and so on.First,this paper investigated the ancient books about the dryness of Atractylodis Rhizoma from ancient medical scientist;and then,collected the methods of dryness of Atractylodis Rhizoma which used in the past dynasties,after that we also summarized the present related researches about the active compositions and pharmacology of dryness effect at home and abroad.At last,this paper prospected the evaluation methods and material foundations for the dryness of Atractylodis Rhizoma,and using the active compositions of dryness effect for the treatment of related diseases,based on the theory of predominant dryness causing withering and dryness-induced Yin deficiency.关键词：Atractylodis Rhizoma;dryness;predominant dryness causing withering;dryness-induced Yin deficiency;pharmacological effects;chemical composition7|7|9更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Angina pectoris in coronary heart disease is a common complex polygenic disease. Its morbidity and mortality have been increasing year by year, threatening human health seriously. Despite of multiple treatment options including myocardial revascularization, pharmacotherapy (as organic nitrates, b-blockers, calcium channel antagonists), preventive therapies (lifestyle interventions, risk factor modification) and several alternative procedures, some patients still experience cardiovascular events and their quality of life is impaired. In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases for a long time. With the development of the pharmaceutical technology of TCM, more and more TCM injections have been used for the treatment of angina pectoris. Danhong injection (DHI), which is typically used to resolve blood stasis, has been widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of angina pectoris in China. Several clinical studies have also demonstrated that Danhong injection is an effective and safe option for the treatment of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease. However, there are still some problems existing in the clinical and basic researches of DHI treatment of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease. Firstly, most clinical trials were low-quality studies. There were several drawbacks in the methodological quality of most original clinical trials. Therefore, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed in the future. Secondly, the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of DHI on angina pectoris in coronary heart disease remain unclear. Therefore, this modular pharmacology-based analysis can provide new insight into the multi-target mechanisms of pharmacological action in DHI treatment for angina pectoris in coronary heart disease.关键词：Danhong injection;angina pectoris in coronary heart disease;pharmacological mechanism;modular pharmacology7|7|1更新时间：2024-01-04
- 摘要：Objective: With the aging of the population and the accelerating process of urbanization, as well as the change of living habits and diet structure, the incidence of chronic heart failure is increasing year by year. Because of its high incidence, poor prognosis and high mortality, it has become a major public health problem. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic heart failure. Chronic heart failure belongs to the range of ‘heart attack’, ‘heart swelling’, and ‘heart moisture’ in traditional Chinese medicine. The nature of the disease is asthenia in origin and asthenia in superficiality as well as intermingled deficiency and excess. Asthenia in origin refers to Yang deficiency and Qi deficiency; asthenia in superficiality refers to blood stasis,water, dampness and phlegm retention. ‘All five internal organs (heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys), but not only heart, can lead to heart failure.’ The pathological changes of lung, liver, spleen and kidney can lead to chronic heart failure. Among them, the heart is the mother of the spleen, the spleen is the son of the heart, so the spleen is closely related to the occurrence of chronic heart failure. This paper discussed the relationship between the etiology and the pathology of chronic heart failure and spleen governing transportation and transformation. In the etiology, the invasion of exogenous pathogenic factors lead to deficiency of both spleen and Yang Qi. The disorders of diet leads to the spleen failing to transport and transform water and moisture. Poor mood leads to the injury of the spleen and weakness in activating blood circulation. Over exertion leads to the weakness of the spleen and retaining dampness. Loss of treatment leads to the injury of Yang Qi in the spleen and accumulation of phlegm dampness. All of these would cause heart failure. In the pathology, we discussed the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure from three aspects ‘Qi’, ‘water’ and ‘blood’. Deficiency of Qi in the spleen leads to lack of Qi and blood, which can not maintain the heart, and finally leads to deficiency of both Qi and Yin. From water aspect, dysfunction of spleen leads to formation of water and moisture, which can block Qi and blood, and finally leads to the obstruction of Yang Qi in the heart. From blood, insufficient Qi in the spleen leads to formation of water and moisture, which can cause poor circulation of blood, and finally leads to obstruction of blood stasis. The etiology and pathology above could cause the heart failure. This paper provides an important theoretical basis for clinical treatment of chronic heart failure by the method of spleen governing transportation and transformation.关键词：chronic heart failure;etiology;pathology;phlegm dampness;spleen governing transportation and transformation6|6|4更新时间：2024-01-04
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