最新刊期
卷 24 ， 期 21 ， 2018
- 摘要：Objective: To observe effects on attenuated toxicity of Tripterygii Radix et Rhizoma(LGT) by compatibility with Lysimachiae Herba(JQC), screen out the best proportion between them and give preliminary evaluation of its chemical contribution. Method: The best proportion in the toxicity-attenuated effects of LGT by compatability with JQC was screened out by principal component analysis(PCA) in the subacute toxicity test of mice orally administrated for 14 consecutive days, then such effect at the best proportion was evaluated in the conventional acute toxicity test of mice, and finally its contribution of the chemical difference characteristic components to overall efficacy was assessed by the gray correlation analysis(GCA). Result: Compared with the normal group, LGT alone group significantly elevated serum biochemical markers, including alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), creatinine(Cr) and urea nitrogen(BUN) levels, malondialdehyde(MDA) levels in the liver and kidney tissues, as well as the overall efficacy of Z value(P<0.01).Compared with LGT alone group, the combined groups of LGT and JQC significantly reduced LGT-induced excessively high levels of ALT when the mass ratio was 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 or 1:4(P<0.05, P<0.01), those of serum AST, Cr, BUN, liver MDA and Z value when the ratio was 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 or 1:4(P<0.05, P<0.01), and those of kidney MDA when the ratio was 4:1, 2:1 or 1:1(P<0.05, P<0.01).The overall efficacy of Z values of LGT and JQC in the mass ratios including 4:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 was significantly higher than that in the ratio of 2:1(P<0.01).The half lethal dose(LD50) of the LGT alone was 517 mg·kg-1, while that of the LGT-JQC(2:1) ratio group increased to 889 mg·kg-1 with an increase of 72%.The gray correlation coefficients of 12 chemical compositions with different characteristics produced before and after the compatibility and its overall efficacy Z value, the largest of which was triptolide(TP). Conclusion: LGT combined with JQC in the mass ratio of 4:1-1:4 attenuates LGT-induced subacute hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and the best ratio of such effect is 2:1.At the best ratio of 2:1, acute toxicity and subacute toxicity decrease by 72% and 138.5%, respectively.Triptolide is the most important chemical component that causes the attenuated effect of LGT combined with JQC.关键词：mutual detoxication;principal component analysis;gray correlation analysis;subacute toxicity;triptolide;Tripterygii Radix et Rhizoma;Lysimachiae Herba5|265|8更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To screen effective components of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang in treatment hypertension of phlegm dampness type and their best ratio. Method: According to the basic ratio of the original formula, the orthogonal test with four factors and four levels was used to measure and research efficacy results with different proportions and the comprehensive evaluation of multiple indexes, including the levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), glucose(Glu), fasting blood insulin(FINS), nitric oxide(NO), serum angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) and endothelin(ET). Result: The optimal combination of effective components in Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang for phlegm dampness hypertension was 12.95 mg·kg-1 of total polysaccharides, 9.00 mg·kg-1 of total saponins and 14.50 mg·kg-1 of total polyphenols. Conclusion: Orthogonal test combined with multiple pharmacodynamic indexes to determine the compatibility of these effective components is feasible and stable, efficacy of this optimized compatibility of active components is better than that of the original prescription of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang, and dosis is significantly decreased.关键词：Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang;orthogonal test;phlegm dampness hypertension;compatibility of components;total cholesterol;lipoprotein;angiotensin4|281|5更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: The mechanism of dryness nature of Aurantii Fructus was clarified, and the effects of different processed products on c-kit and stem cell factor(SCF) mRNA expression of sinuses ventriculi and colon in normal rats were compared. Method: SD rats were divided into blank group, high(10 g·kg-1, similarly hereinafter) and low(1 g·kg-1, similarly hereinafter) dose group of crude Aurantii Fructus, high and low dose group of Aurantii Fructus processed with bran, high and low dose group of Aurantii Fructus processed with honey bran and slow transit constipation(STC) model group.Rats in each medication administration group were given corresponding solution with 1 time for a day, rats in model group were given compound diphenoxylate tablets solution and rats in the blank group were given the same volume of normal saline.All the experimental animal were administered continuously for 30 days.All rats were executed on the 30th day, and the sinuses ventriculi and colon tissues were immediately dissected.After that, the expression levels of c-kit and SCF mRNA in tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplifier. Result: Compared with the blank group, the c-kit and SCF mRNA expression of sinuses ventriculi and colon in crude Aurantii Fructus group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group, there was no significant difference in all indexes of crude Aurantii Fructus group with high dose;and all the indexes of the other two groups were increased significantly(P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Keeping use high-dose of crude Aurantii Fructus in a long-term can significantly reduce the expression of c-kit and SCF mRNA in normal rat gastrointestinal tract, thus affecting the number and function of interstitial cells of Cajal in gastrointestinal tract, and resulting in intestinal dryness and constipation.Both of Aurantii Fructus processed with bran and honey bran can effectively alleviate the intestinal dryness effect caused by crude Aurantii Fructus, and Aurantii Fructus processed with honey bran has the better effect on reducing dryness than bran products.关键词：Aurantii Fructus;stir-fried with bran;stir-fried with honey bran;sinuses ventriculi;colon;slow transit constipation;stem cell factor2|396|10更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：<正>团队简介TEAM INTRODUCTION北京中医药大学东方医院实验中心马涛阿尔茨海默病研究团队,以北京中医药大学东方医院（第二临床医学院）实验中心为依托组建,团队现有高级职称3人、中级职称3人、初级职称及研究生5人,团队成员学科专业涉及中医学、分子生物学、药理学、药物化学与分析等多个领域。团队负责人马涛博士,先后就读于山东大学和北京师范大学,获理学博士学位和细胞生物学博士后。8|72|0更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: The usnic acid phospholipid complex was prepared and characterized. Method: The complex was prepared by solvent reaction method.Taking recombination rate and content of usnic acid as index, the preparation process parameters of the complex were optimized by single factor tests and orthogonal test.The oil/water partition coefficient of this complex was determined and the structure of the complex was characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy(UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope(SEM). Result: The optimal preparation conditions were as follows:the drug concentration of 10 g·L-1, usnic acid-phospholipid(1:1), reaction time of 5 h and reaction temperature of 50℃.The recombination rate of the complex prepared under these optimized conditions was 86.85%, and the content of usnic acid was 38.46%.The logarithm value of oil/water partition coefficient was 2.35.UV, FT-IR, stereomicroscope and SEM analysis showed that the complex had been formed. Conclusion: This optimized preparation technology in this research is stable and feasible, it can provide conditions for further study of usnic acid.关键词：usnic acid;phospholipid complex;orthogonal test;characterization;ultraviolet spectroscopy;recombination rate;oil/water partition coefficient3|242|1更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To evaluate the properties of calcium hydrogen phosphate as an absorbent, effect of calcium hydrogen phosphate with different powder properties on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of paeonol was investigated. Method: Taking paeonol as a model drug and two kinds of calcium hydrogen phosphate (SG-Ⅰ and SG-Ⅱ) with different powder properties as absorbents, the adsorption kinetics model and isothermal curve model of paeonol were used to match the adsorption process, the adsorption quantity and adsorption rate of paeonol, along with the specific surface area, pore volume, pore size and other powder parameters, were taken as indexes to compare the adsorption capacity of these two kinds of calcium hydrogen phosphate.And the dissolution of paeonol from the two kinds of adsorptive dispersions was investigated. Result: Both of adsorbing processes of paeonol by SG-Ⅰ and SG-Ⅱ were in accordance with the pseudo secondary kinetic model, and the adsorption rate parameter of SG-Ⅱ(15.832 g·g-1·h-1) was higher than that of SG-Ⅰ(8.183 g·g-1·h-1).Within the selected concentration range of paeonol, its adsorbing processes by SG-Ⅰ and SG-Ⅱ were in agreement with Freundlich adsorption isothermal model.The adsorption quantity of paeonol by SG-Ⅱ(0.926 g·g-1) was higher than that of SG-Ⅰ(0.508 g·g-1).In two kinds of dissolution media, the desorption processes of the two kinds of adsorptive dispersions were accorded with the pseudo secondary kinetic model.The desorption rate of paeonol was similar between the two kinds of adsorptive dispersions in the same solvent. Conclusion: The adsorption property of SG-Ⅱ with larger specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter is better than that of SG-Ⅰ.The desorption properties of SG-Ⅰ and SG-Ⅱ are similar.关键词：calcium hydrogen phosphate;adsorption;desorption;paeonol;powder properties;isothermal adsorption curve;pseudo secondary kinetic model3|94|1更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To set up the identification methods to discriminate Anchusa italica from its adulterants, in order to provide experimental basis for the quality control of the herbal medicine. Method: The microscopic identification, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and DNA molecular identification were used to discriminate A. italica from its adulterants. Result: There were obvious differences among the microscopical characteristics and TLC chromatograms of A.italica, Borago officinalis and Cynoglossum amabile. According to the results of DNA molecular identification, the K-2-P distance of minimum inter-specific was greater than that of maximum intra-specific. Neighbor joining(NJ) trees were built, in which A.italica samples clustered together, and B. officinalis and C. amabile samples showed monophyletic. According to the results of NJ trees, A. italica could be discriminated from its adulterants. Conclusion: Based on the comparative study of microscopic characteristics of stems, leaves and the powder from A.italica and its adulterants, a comprehensive identification model with microscopic identification, TLC identification and DNA molecular identification was set up, which can be used to distinguish A.italica from its adulterants. According to the results, DNA molecular identification technology has great advantages in the identification of A. italica and its adulterants, with a high specificity and high sensitivity. DNA molecular identification technology is an important complement to traditional identification technology, with a great potential and application prospect. In order to strengthen the quality control management, it is suggested to further enhance and improve the quality standard of A. italica.关键词：Anchusa italica;microscopic identification;thin layer chromatography identification;DNA molecular identification2|122|2更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To select the optimal moxa production techniques and compare the moxa yield rate of Artemisiae Argyi Folium from different origins. Method: Artemisiae Argyi Folium was pulverized with oscillating high speed universal pulverizer and the power residue was removed with the help of electric sieve shaker. The feed volume, pulverizing time, size of pharmacopeia sieve and sieving time were selected as independent variables, while moxa yield rate and residue weight were selected as dependent variables. Optimal moxa production techniques were obtained through single factor experiment so as to determine the moxa yield rate of Artemisiae Argyi Folium from different origins by adopting certain techniques. Result: The optimally-selected moxa production techniques were as follows:optimal feed volume 80 g, product rating 5:1-10:1, proper moxa pulverizing time 4-7 min, No. 1 pharmacopeia sieve with sieving time set at 110 s. The optimally-selected moxa production techniques were selected to compare the moxa yield rates of Artemisiae Argyi Folium from different origins. When the pulverizing time was set at 4 min, the moxa yield rate of Artemisiae Argyi Folium from different origins in descending order was as follows:Tangyin county, Anyang city, Henan province (24.10%) > Tongbo county, Nanyang city, Henan province (20.99%) > Anguo city, Hebei province (18.54%) > Fangcheng county, Nanyang city, Henan province (17.91%) > Wancheng district, Nanyang city, Henan province (15.45%) > field strain in Qichun town, Huanggang city, Hubei province (14.56%) > artificial cultivation in Qichun town, Huanggang city, Hubei province (12.02%) > Xixia county, Nanyang city, Henan province (8.34%). When the pulverizing time was set at 7 min, the moxa yield rate of Artemisiae Argyi Folium from different origins in descending order was as follows:Tongbo county, Nanyang city, Henan province (9.05%) > Anguo city, Hebei province (7.60%) > Fangcheng county, Nanyang city, Henan province (6.58%) > Wancheng district, Nanyang city, Henan province (6.04%) > field strain in Qichun town, Huanggang city, Hubei province (5.12%) > Tangyin county, Anyang city, Henan province (4.51%) > artificial cultivation in Qichun town, Huanggang city, Hubei province (4.43%) > Xixia county, Nanyang city, Henan province (1.50%). Conclusion: The optimally-selected moxa production technique was reasonable and feasible. When the pulverizing time was set at 4 min, the moxa yield rate of Artemisiae Argyi Folium originated from Tangyin in Anyang, Tongbo in Nanyang and Anguo in Hebei was relatively higher;while the pulverizing time was set at 7 min, the moxa yield rate of Artemisiae Argyi Folium originated from Tongbo in Nanyang, Anguo in Hebei and Fangcheng in Nanyang was higher.关键词：Artemisiae Argyi Folium;laboratory production techniques;moxa yield rate6|245|9更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: The leaves of Citrus reticulata, a common traditional Chinese medicine, are mainly used for the treatment of various diseases, including acute mastitis, caked breast and hernia symptoms, owing to its effects of relieving the depressed liver, soothing the liver, regulating the circulation of Qi, alleviating pain, dissipating phlegm and resolving masses. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the hot water extracts from the leaves of C. reticulata have inhibitory effects on mastitis in mice. This paper aims to study their chemical constituents and reveal the effective substances. Method: The coarse powder of C. reticulata leaves was extracted by methods of soaking and refluxing with 95% and 70% ethanol, respectively. Then the ethanol extracts were separated preliminarily by MCI column chromatography(CC).The compounds were isolated and purified by using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, MCI, ODS, polyamide and Sephadex LH-20 CC. Their structures were identified on the basis of their physical-chemical properties and spectroscopic techniques, including NMR and MS. Result: Twelve compounds were obtained and identified as nobiletin(1), 5-demethylnobile(2), tangeretin(3), 5, 7, 8, 4'-tetramethoxyflavone(4), 5-hydroxy-6, 7, 3', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone(5), β-amyrin(6), lupeol(7), phytol(8), stigmastane-5, 22-dien-3β-ol(9), β-sitosterol(10), p-hy-droxybenzaldehyde(11) and vanillin(12), respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 4-12 were isolated from the leaves of Citrus reticulata for the first time.关键词：Citrus;leaves of Citrus reticulata;polymethoxy flavonoids;β-amyrin;lupeol3|372|7更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To study the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract from one of the "Shi ba zuan" of Yao medicines, Jasminum pentaneurum. Method: The crude extract of dry powder from stems of J. pentaneurum was obtained by using 70% ethanol water refluxing;the extract was evaporated under vacuum to obtain the dry residue. Then, the residue was dissolved in water and extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, respectively. The compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel column and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analyses, including 1H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and MS, as well as by comparison with the data from literature. Result: Eleven compounds were obtained and identified as 4-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde(1), vanillin(2), coniferaldehyde(3), 4-hydroxy phenethyl acetate(4), trans-cinnamic acid(5), trans-ferulic acid(6), syringic acid ethyl ester(7), 4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde(8), trans-ethyl ferulate(9), ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate(10), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(11), respectively. Conclusion: All the compounds were isolated from J. pentaneurum for the first time, and most of the isolated compounds were phenolic acids with small molecules. The results provide a basis for the efficacy basis study of J. pentaneurum.关键词：Jasminum pentaneurum;Oleaceae;chemical constituents;isolation and identification4|212|4更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate a new method for the enrichment of alkaloids, analyze the compositions of alkaloids, and look for new anti-asthmatic constituents in Ephedra sinica. Method: In order to reduce the interference by non-alkaloid components on qualitative analysis and to improve the efficiency of separation and preparation of alkaloids, alkaloids in E. sinica were enriched by using new solid phase extraction (SPE) packing in this study;and the fractions of the enriched alkaloids were prepared by applying high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC);HPLC-TOF-MS was used to identify the main components in each fraction;active constituents as β2-adrenergic receptor agonists were characterized by using label-free dynamic mass redistribution assays. Result: The results indicated that AC18 SPE packing had high selectivity for the enrichment of alkaloids in E. sinica. A mixed-mode chromatography method was developed to separate alkaloids based on a mixed-mode reversed phase/strong anion-exchange XCharge C18 column, and 14 fractions were prepared in total. In high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), 26 alkaloids were identified. Among the 14 fractions screened, 11 fractions showed agonistic activity on β2-adrenergic receptor(β2-AR). Combined with HPLC-MS results for these 11 fractions, 12 alkaloids displayed agonistic activity on β2-AR, including 5 groups of alkaloid and thier isomers:ephedrine/pseudoephedrine, methyl ephedrine/methyl pseudoephedrine, norephedrine/norpseudoephedrine (±) -1-phenyl-2-imido-1-propanol and (±) -tyramine betaine. Conclusion: The separation and characterization of alkaloid isomers in E. sinica provided guidance for discovering novel anti-asthmatic constituents.关键词：Ephedra sinica;alkaloids;solid phase extraction(SPE);MS;β2-adrenergic receptor4|898|1更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To analyze the anthocyanins in 12 varieties of blueberries by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Method: The 80% ethanol was used as solvent to extract anthocyanin from blueberry under assistance of ultrasound, and the centrifugated supernatant of the extract was treated in a rotating evaporator and concentrated in 6% formic acid solution to the scale line. After ultrafiltration, the extract anthocyanin was analyzed on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm), with 6% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The positive ion mode of electrospray ionization(ESI) was adopted in the course of multiple reactions monitoring (MRM). Result: The anthocyanins of 12 varieties were similar. R26 blueberry had the most abundant anthocyanin species (23 species). N15 blueberry had the least anthocyanin species (20 species). Delphinidin and malvidin were the two main types of anthocyanins in blueberries. The total anthocyanins content was 820.43-2 114.627 μg·g-1 in 12 varieties, with significant differences, R26 > N12 > S28 > R6 > S30 > S7-1 > S12 > S7-2 > S7-3 > N15 > N1 > N14 from high to low. The total anthocyanins content in blueberrys of R series was higher than that in blueberrys of S series. The anothcyanins content in blueberrys of N series was lowest. There were also significant differences in contents of anthocyanins between different varieties of blueberries. Conclusion: The content of total anthocyanins in the 12 varieties of blueberries detected in the experiment showed significant differences, which could provide basic data for the development of health products and drugs with blueberry anthocyanin as a functional component, and also provide reference for the activity test of blueberry anthocyanin as well as the detection and analysis of blueberry anthocyanin.关键词：UPLC-MS/MS;blueberry;anthocyanins;identification2|273|1更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To study on the chemical composition differences in different parts of the Cordyceps sinensis and their association with the quality by high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with metabonomics. Method: The chemical composition database of Chinese herbal medicines Cordyceps was established. The data on three parts of Cordyceps seats, heads and insect worms was collected by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The results were imported into PeakView, and a qualitative analysis was made using such functions as formula finder, mass calculators, fragment matching and secondary fragmentation rules. All qualitative results were introduced in a known component screening table, then the ionic strength of each sample was extracted one by one and put into SIMCA-P 11.5 for visualization, so as to build the mathematical model of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discrimination analysis(PLS-DA). Result: A total of 23 compounds in six categories were found from the alcohol extraction samples of Cordyceps, and 11 differentiated compounds were identified from Cordyceps militaris, head and body, mostly fatty acids and their derivatives, in which eight compounds were found in Cordyceps for the first time;the PCA and PLS-DA mathematical model were constructed using SIMCA-P software, the results showed significant differences between the stroma and the head and the body; by the strength of role on the classification, the order from high to low was amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, alkaloids, nucleosides and glycosides. Conclusion: The established method provides a scientific reference for explaining the pharmacodynamics of C.sinensis and the mechanism of the quality of C.sinensis, and lays a foundation for the rapid identification, quality control and in-depth development and utilization for Cordyceps herbs.关键词：Cordyceps sinensis;different parts;UPLC-Q-TOF-MS;differentiated compounds;PCA;PLS-DA2|659|8更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To study on the effect of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis aqueous extract on endogenous metabolites in urine of rats with gastric precancerous lesions. Method: Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis aqueous extract(DOE) group, model group, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) +DOE groups at low, middle and high dosages.After 2 weeks of prophylactic administration of DOE, 100 mg·L-1 MNNG aqueous solution was given to the free drink, and the model was made as the drug was administered.In addition, in the first 6 weeks, rats were given 1 mL of 10% NaCl every 3 days for inducing gastric precancerous lesions.After 7 months of modeling, the rat urine was collected and the rats were sacrificed for gastric tissue.UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to detect the changes of urine metabolic profile in rats. Result: By comparing the histopathological results of gastric tissues in each group, it was found that DOE could reduce the intestinal metaplasia and make the pathological degree stay in the stage of mild-moderate dysplasia and mild intestinal metaplasia.In positive and negative ion modes, 6 and 15 differential marker compounds were screened, respectively.Metabolites were mainly related to porphyrin metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, folic acid and pterin biosynthetic metabolism, galactose metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism, of which porphyrin metabolism was the most relevant. Conclusion: DOE can block the progression of gastric precancerous lesions, its mechanism may be related to porphyrin metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, folic acid and pterin biosynthesis, galactose metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism.关键词：Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis;gastric precancerous lesions;metabonomics;protoporphyrin Ⅸ;melatonin;water extract;urine2|433|6更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To clarify the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ziyuglycoside Ⅱ after subcutaneous injection by UPLC-MS/MS. Method: An XTerra® MS C18 reversed phase column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 5 μm) was used for the determination of analyte.And mobile phase was consisted of[0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile(9:1)](A) and[acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid(9:1)](B) for gradient elution(0-1.5 min, 10% B;1.5-2.0 min, 10%-53% B;2.0-3.8 min, 53%-62% B;3.8-4.1 min, 62%-95% B;4.1-4.5 min, 95% B;4.5-4.7 min, 95%-10% B;4.7-6.0 min, 10% B), the flow rate was 0.4 mL·min-1, the plasma concentration of ziyuglycoside Ⅱ was performed by negative ion mode in multiple reaction monitoring with electrospray ionization(ESI). Result: The method was successful established for determining the plasma concentration of ziyuglycoside Ⅱ in rats, its linear range was 5-2 000 μg·L-1(R2=0.997).The main pharmacokinetic parameters in rats after subcutaneous injection of ziyuglycoside Ⅱ suspension were obtained as follows:peak concentration(Cmax) of (95.877±11.433) μg·L-1, half-life period(t1/2) of (35.456±23.405) h, area under curve(AUC0-24 h) of (1 221.983±153.379) μg·h·L-1. Conclusion: A rapid, accurate and sensitive method is established for determining plasma concentration of ziyuglycoside Ⅱ in rats, and it can be applied to determine plasma concentration and pharmacokinetic studies of this component.The study provides the pharmacokinetic evidence for the in vivo study and clinical rational medication.关键词：Sanguisorbae Radix;ziyuglycoside Ⅱ;ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry;subcutaneous injection;plasma concentration;pharmacokinetics;α-hederin2|301|2更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi on β-amyloid protein (Aβ) accumulation via protein kinase r-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) pathway in energy inhibited APP/PS1 transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. Method: APP/PS1 transgenic mice at 4-month-old were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, positive drug group (Aricept), Dihuang Yinzi low-, medium-and high-dose groups. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg·kg-1 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) except those in normal control group (intraperitoneally injected with normal saline) to establish models. Drug administration was given immediately modeling, and after 1 week of intragastric administration, the learning and memory ability of mice was tested by Morris water maze test; the contents of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in the brain of mice were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); and the energy charge (EC) was calculated.Western blot was performed to detect the levels of PERK, eIF2α phosphorylation and β-amyloid precursor protein hydrolase 1 (BACE1) expression in the brain of mice. The transcriptional level of BACE1 gene was detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The content of cerebral Aβ was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: Morris water maze test showed that as compared with the normal group, Dihuang Yinzi can significantly shorten the escape latency of model mice in navigation test (P<0.05, P<0.01). In spatial probe test, Dihuang Yinzi can increase the number passing the target area (P<0.05, P<0.01) and the residence time in target quadrant (P<0.01), reduce the residence time in opposite quadrant (P<0.05, P<0.01). Dihuang Yinzi can significantly decrease AMP level, increase ATP and ADP levels, and significantly improve the cerebral EC level (P<0.05, P<0.01), inhibit the phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2α (P<0.01), decrease the protein level of BACE1 (P<0.01), but had no significant effect on BACE1 gene transcription. Besides, Dihuang Yinzi can reduce the cerebral Aβ content in model mice (P<0.01). Conclusion: Dihuang Yinzi could prevent energy metabolism disturbance-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress via inhibiting PERK/eIF2α activation, reduce cerebral Aβ accumulation, and improve cognition in 3-NP induced energy inhibited APP/PS1 mice.关键词：Dihuang Yinzi;Alzheimer's disease;energy metabolism disturbance;endoplasmic reticulum stress;protein kinase r-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK)/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(eIF2α);β-amyloid protein2|331|6更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the effect of Dihuang Yinzi on mitochondrial structure and function in central nerve of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model induced by intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid protein 1-42(Aβ1-42). Method: Totally 120 male rats were randomly distributed into 6 groups:shame operation group, AD model group, positive drug control group (Aricept, 0.5 mg·kg-1), high-, moderate-and low-dosage Dihuang Yinzi groups(3, 1.5, 0.75 g·kg-1). Except for sham operation rats, all the other rats were injected with maturated Aβ1-42 at left lateral ventricles to establish AD rat model. After administrated with Dihuang Yinzi via intragastric gavage for 30 days, Morris water maze and step-down test were performed to evaluate the effect of Dihuang Yinzi on the learning and memory ability of AD rats; the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and creatine phosphocreatine (PCr) were determined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), then energy charge (EC) was calculated; the enzymatic activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketoglurate dehydrogenase (KGDH), mitochondria swelling and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated with spectrophotometry. Result: It was found that Dihuang Yinzi could improve the learning and memory ability of AD rats significantly, and promote the levels of ATP, ADP, PCr and EC (P<0.05, P<0.01). The key ezymes, PDH and KGDH, in tricarboxylic acid cycle were activated (P<0.05, P<0.01), the mitochondria swelling was mitigated(P<0.05, P<0.01), and the mitochondrial membrane potential were elevated (P<0.05, P<0.01) in AD rat with Dihuang Yinzi treatment. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that Dihuang Yinzi could protect the structure and function of mitochondria in central nerve of AD rats, improve the energy metabolism as well as the learning and memory ability in AD rats.关键词：Dihuang Yinzi;Alzheimer's disease;mitochondria;energy metabolism;structure and function;tricarboxylic acid(TCA) cycle2|341|3更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the effects of Dihuang Yinzi on mitochondrial biosynthesis, oxidative stress as well as learning and memory ability in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats. Method: Totally 120 male rats were randomly distributed into sham operation group, AD model group, Aricept group, high-, moderate and low-dosage Dihuang Yinzi groups. Animals in all groups except the sham operation group were injected with β-amyloid protein 1-42(Aβ1-42) via lateral ventricles to establish AD model. Corresponding drug were given via intragastric administration, while those in sham operation group and AD model group were administrated with the same volume of normal saline. The administrations were performed once a day and were consecutively carried out for 30 days. The behavior of rats was assessed with avoiding dark test and Y-maze test, respectively. After behavioral tests, the expression of cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-lα) were determined by Western blot. Activities of respiratory chain complex I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mitochondria of brain tissues were detected respectively. Result: Dihuang Yinzi can significantly improve the learning memory ability and working memory ability of AD rats. In comparison with AD model group, Dihuang Yinzi treatment could increase the stay-latency and decrease the error times of AD rats in avoiding dark test (P< 0.05, P< 0.01). The spontaneous alternation in AD rats was significantly increased by Dihuang Yinzi in Y-maze test (P< 0.05, P< 0.01). Dihuang Yinzi could significantly up-regulate the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphae and the expression of PGC-lα and significantly increase the activity of respiratory chain complex Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ in AD rats (P<0.01), but had no obvious effect on the activity of complex Ⅱ Dihuang Yinzi could also reduce the level of cerebral MDA (P<0.01) and improve the activities of SOD and GSH-Px(P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Dihuang Yinzi can improve the cognition of AD rats significantly via activating the CREB/PGC-1α pathway, increase the mitochondrial biosynthesis and mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity, improve mitochondrial dysfunction, and improve the body's ability against oxidative damages, thereby improving learning memory ability and working memory ability in AD rats by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity.关键词：Alzheimer's disease;Dihuang Yinzi;mitochondria;biosythesis;oxidative stress;cyclic adenosine monophosphae responsive element-binding protein(CREB)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α(PGC-lα)3|389|7更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To study the mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi on the activation of energy metabolism disorder-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) activating transcription factor4 (ATF4)/C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathway in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, and investigate its mechanism on neuronal apoptosis. Method: The 120 APP/PS1 transgenic mice at 4-month-old were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, positive drug (Aricept, 1 mg·kg-1) group, and low-dose, middle-dose, and high-dose groups of Dihuang Yinzi (1.25, 2.5, 5 g·kg-1). Except for the normal control group, the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) at a dose of 100 mg·kg-1 to establish models. The mice in normal control group were injected intraperitoneally with an equal volume of normal saline. Dihuang Yinzi and Aricept were given by oral administration for 1 week. Then Real-time PCR was used to detect ATF4, CHOP mRNA levels in mouse brain. The protein expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78), ATF4, CHOP, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in brain tissue of mice were detected by Western blot. Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL) staining was used to evaluate the neuronal apoptosis in mouse brain and the apoptosis rate. Result: As compared with the normal group, 3-NP-induced energy metabolism disorder significantly increased the expression of ERS marker protein GRP78 (P<0.01), increased ATF4 and CHOP mRNA levels (P<0.01) and protein expression (P<0.01), down-regulated anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 (P<0.01) and up-regulated of pro-apoptotic protein Bax (P<0.01), and promoted the rate of neuronal apoptosis in the brain of model mice. As compared with the model group, Dihuang Yinzi could significantly reduce the mRNA and protein expression of GRP78 (P<0.05, P<0.01), ATF4 and CHOP (P<0.05, P<0.01), up-regulate anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (P<0.05, P<0.01), down-regulate pro-apoptotic protein Bax (P<0.05, P<0.01), and reduce neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue. TUNEL results showed that Dihuang Yinzi can significantly reduce the neuronal apoptosis rate in mouse brain.关键词：Dihuang Yinzi;Alzheimer's disease;energy metabolism disturbance;endoplasmic reticulum stress;activating transcription factor4(ATF4)/C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP);apoptosis4|280|6更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi-medicated serum on endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by glucose deprivation in SH-SY5Y cells. Method: SD rats were intragastrically administrated with Dihuang Yinzi at dosage of 10 times of the adult clinical dose to prepare Dihuang Yinzi-medicated serum. SH-SY5Y cells were deprivated by glucose for 6 h and then incubated with medium containing Dihuang Yinzi-medicated serum at concentrations of 0, 1.25%, 2.50%, 5.00% and 10.00%, respectively. The cell viability was detected by methythiazol tetrazolium (MTT). The phosphorylation of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression levels were detected by Western blot. Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI) double staining flow cytometry were performed to detect the apoptotic rate. Result: As compared with the model group, Dihuang Yinzi-medicated serum could significantly increase the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells deprived of glucose (P<0.01), significantly reduce the phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2α (P<0.05, P<0.01), increase the level of Bcl-2 and decrease the expression of Bax (P<0.05, P<0.01). Dihuang Yinzi-medicated serum could also inhibit apoptosis (P<0.05, P<0.01) induced by energy-deprivation in SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion: Dihuang Yinzi-medicated serum can reduce the activation of PERK/eIF2α pathway and inhibit the apoptosis caused by energy deprivation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress.关键词：Dihuang Yinzi;Alzheimer's disease;energy metabolism disturbance;endoplasmic reitculum stress;protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK)/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(eIF2α);apoptosis2|160|4更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Dihuang Yinzi comes from Huangdi Neijing·Suwen·Xuanming Lunfang, and consists of 15 herbs. The king herbs, including Cistanches Herba, Morindae Officinalis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Corni Fructus, are capable of tonifying kidney-yin and nourishing the bone marrow. Ministerial herbs, including Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia, Cinnamomi Cortex, Ophiopogonis Radix, Dendrobii Caulis, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, could maintain vitality, nourish yin, and converge liquid. Adjuvant herbs, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Poria have the functions of eliminating phlegm and inducing resuscitation. Conductant herbs, including Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Jujubae Fructus could consolidate the vitality. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and belongs to the category of dementia in Chinese medicine. The pathogenesis of AD is complex and involves multiple pathological processes. Since the onset of AD is occult, and the process is irreversible, AD has enormous damages and very high mortality and morbidity. Chinese herbal compounds based on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory have unique advantages in the treatment of AD. Studies in recent years have shown that Dihuang Yinzi has definite curative effects in the treatment of AD, and its pharmacological mechanisms include multiple factors such as protection of mitochondria, improvement of energy metabolism, antioxidation, regulating the process of beta amyloid precursor protein (APP) and metabolism of amyloid β protein (Aβ), anti-apoptosis, regulation of neurotransmitters, protection of synapses and anti-inflammatory effects. The recent research progress on pharmacological mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi for AD was reviewed in the present article.关键词：Alzheimer's disease;Dihuang Yinzi;experimental research;pharmacological mechanism2|499|6更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the effect of Xiaoshui formula(XSF) combined with cisplatin on Th17/Treg immune balance in lung cancer xenografts in mice with pleural effusion. Method: Seventy five C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into XSF group, cisplatin (DDP) group, Xiaoshui formula+cisplatin (XSF+DDP) group, model group and blank group. The blank group was injected with phosphate buffered saline(PBS) buffer via the chest cavity, and the other groups were injected with Lewis lung cancer cells via the chest cavity, in order to establish animal models. After 10 days of continuous administration, 10 mice in each group were put to death. The numbers of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), interleukin-21 (IL-21), interleukin-23 (IL-23) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in peripheral blood were measured by CBA and enzymelinked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA). The mRNA and protein expressions of retinoic acid-related orphan receptorγt(RORγt) and Foxp3 in mouse spleen tissues were detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and Western blot. Result: The numbers of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood of all of groups were higher than that in the blank group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the number of Th17 cells was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the number of Treg cells was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in both XSF+DDP group and XSF group. The contents of IL-6, IL-17A and IL-21 in XSF+DDP group were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.01). Compared with XSF group, model group and blank group respectively, the XSF+DDP group could significantly increase the content of IL-23 (P<0.05), and decrease the content of TGF-β1 (P<0.05). Compared with DDP and model group, the expression of RORγt mRNA in spleen tissue was increased in the XSF+DDP group and the XSF group (P<0.01), and Foxp3 mRNA expression was reduced (P<0.05). Compared with model group, XSF+DDP group could up-regulate RORγt protein expression (P<0.05) and down-regulate Foxp3 protein expression (P<0.01) in spleen tissue. Conclusion: Traditional Chinese medicine XSF combined with cisplatin may increase the level of Th17 cells and down-regulate the level of Treg cells, so as to regulate Th17/Treg immune balance and inhibite MPE.关键词：lung cancer;malignant pleural effusion;Xiaoshui formula;cisplatin;Th17 cells;Treg cells2|217|4更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the effect of berberine on HepG2 insulin resistance (IR) model and its mechanism. Method: The IR model was established by combining high-glucose (25 mmol·L-1) with high-insulin (1×10-6 mol·L-1) for 24 h. And then, high-dose (1×10-5 mol·L-1) berberine, low-dose (1×10-6 mol·L-1) berberine, and melbine (1×10-3 mol·L-1, positive control) were respectively added in medium and cultured for another 24 h. At last, medium and HepG2 cells were collected. Glucose level was detected by glucose oxidase detection method, and cell reproductive capacity was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8); pyruvate kinase (PK) was detected by biochemical analyzer; glucokinase (GCK) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kits. The mRNA expressions of insulin receptor (InsR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), GLUT2 were detected by Real-time PCR. The proteins expressions of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), PI3K, and p-Akt were detected by Western blot. Result: Compared with normal group, the glucose consumption of the model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the activities of PK, GCK and GLUT2 were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, Berberine and metformin groups significantly increased cell glucose consumption, and PK, GCK and GLUT2 protein activities notably increased (P<0.01). Compared with normal group, the mRNA expressions of InsR, PI3K, Akt and GLUT2 and the protein expressions of IRS-1, PI3K and Akt were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, berberine and metformin groups significantly increased protein expression of InsR, PI3K, Akt and GLUT2 (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Berberine has a noteworthy therapeutic effect on the insulin resistance of HepG2 cells. Its mechanism may be correlated with the promotion of hepatic glucose metabolism by regulating IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.关键词：berberine;insulin resistance(IR);HepG2 cell;insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1)/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/glucose transporter 2(GLUT2) pathway2|367|2更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To study the effect of Wumeiwan on blood glucose, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) protein expression in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: A total of 60 rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=10), and the remaining 50 rats received intragastric administration of a high-sugar, high-fat emulsion for 8 weeks and then combined with the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus. The unsuccessful modeling rats were eliminated. A total of 30 diabetic rats were selected, and randomly divided into model group, metformin group and Wumeiwan group. The normal group and the model group received 20 mL·kg-1·d-1normal saline by intragastric administration respectively. 200 mg·kg-1·d-1Metformin crude drug and Wumeiwan crude drug were respectively given in Metformin group and Wumeiwan group.The blood glucose was monitored after 28 d. The protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 and GLP-1 in colon tissues were detected by Western blot. The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and GLP-1 in pancreatic tissue. Result: As compared with the normal group, the fasting blood glucose of rats in the model group was significantly increased, and the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 in the colon and pancreas tissues were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the protein expression levels of GLP-1 were decreased (P<0.05). As compared with model group, the fasting blood glucose of Wumeiwan group was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 protein in the colon and pancreas were significantly reduced (P<0.01), while the protein expression levels of GLP-1 were increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Wumeiwan can regulate the fasting blood glucose of rats, reduce the expression of NF-κB and increase the expression of GLP-1, thus achieving the prevention and treatment effect on type 2 diabetes.关键词：Wumeiwan;type 2 diabetes mellitus;nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB);glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)5|313|5更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To study the preventive and therapeutic effects of the Jinkui Shenqiwan on rats with renal interstitial fibrosis induced by adenineand and its mechanism. Method: Totally 96 male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:the normal group, the model group, the losartan group(5 mg·kg-1) and the Jinkui Shenqiwan high, medium and low dose(2.4, 1.2, 0.6 g·kg-1). The model was established by ig administration adenine (200 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 9 weeks.In gavaging for 2 h, the drug was esablished for 16 weeks. The levels of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured by biochemical method;the histopathological changes of kidneys in rats were observed by htoxylin and eosin(HE) staining;the collagen deposition in rat kidneyswas observed by Masson's staining;the gene transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), E-cadherin, collage Ⅰ(Cd-Ⅰ), collage Ⅲ(Col-Ⅲ), collage Ⅳ(Col-Ⅳ), matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1), MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1), TIMP-2 expression in kidney tissue were detected respectively by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR);the protein TGF-β1, α-SMA and E-cadherin expression in kidney tissue were detected respectively by immunehistochemistry. Result: The results of each experimental group showed that creatinine and urea nitrogen were significantly increased in the model group compared with the normal group (P<0.01), and creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were decreased after intervention with the Jinkui Shenqiwan (P<0.05); HE staining Compared with the normal group, the model group had severe renal interstitial damage and massive deposition of renal interstitial collagen. The renal interstitial tubule injury was relieved after intervention with the Jinkui Shenqi Wan, and renal interstitial collagen deposition decreased. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, Col-Ⅳ, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 was up-regulated in the model group compared with the normal group (P<0.05), and the model group was MMP-1. The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were down-regulated (P<0.05), and the expressions of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were up-regulated after intervention with the Jinkui Shenqiwan (P<0.05). The expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA, Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, Col-Ⅳ, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05). The immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of E-cadherin protein was down-regulated in the model group compared with the normal group (P<0.01). The expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA protein was up-regulated (P<0.01), and the expression of E-cadherin protein was up-regulated after the Jinkui Shenqiwan intervention(P<0.05), TGF-β1 and α-SMA protein expression was down-regulated (P<0.05). Conclusion: The the Jinkui Shenqiwan can effectively improve renal interstitial fibrosis and have a certain protective effect on the kidney. The mechanism ofimproving renal interstitial fibrosis may reduce the activity of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP-1, TIMP-2). TGF-β1 protein expression, α-SMA protein expression, increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9) activity, E-cadherin protein expression, thereby reducing the deposition of collagen.关键词：Jinkui Shenqiwan;renal interstitial fibrosis;tromsforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1);α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA);E-cadherin;collagen;matrix metallo proteinase;matrix metallo proteinase inhibitor3|335|7更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To explore the relationship of "component-target-disease" of Shenling Baizhusan on treatment of type 2 diabetes with integrated pharmacological method. Method: Active ingredients and potential targets of all herbs in Shenling Baizhusan were searched by integrated pharmacological method, disease targets of type 2 diabetes were searched, and their enrichment analysis was carried out. Result: There were 499 chemical compositions in Shenling Baizhusan, and there could be a strong synergistic interaction between herbs, according to the results of gene ontology database and enrichment of Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, chemical compositions of corresponding key target was located in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, myelin sheath, etc;and involved 1 481 biological processes and gene function, such as regulation of adenosine triphosphate binding, protein kinase activity, etc;and participated in 179 related pathways, such as purine metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and nervous system, to treat type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: This study screens out the chemical constituents in Shenling Baizhusan by integrated pharmacological platform of traditional Chinese medicine, and predicts its targets and related pathways for treatment of type 2 diabetes, which may be closely related to glucose and lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, etc.关键词：integrated pharmacological platform of traditional Chinese medicine;Shenling Baizhusan;type 2 diabetes;adenosine triphosphate;gene ontology;synergy4|435|8更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: Taking couplet medicines of Psoraleae Fructus and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma as an example, the mechanism of tonifying kidney and promoting blood circulation in treatment of osteoporosis was explored from the perspective of integrated pharmacology. Method: Based on the Integrated Pharmacology Platform(TCMIP), the chemical constituents of Psoraleae Fructus and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma were collected, and all targets of osteoporosis were obtained by taking "osteoporosis" as a key word of disease.Through the protein-protein interaction(PPI) database in TCMIP, the PPI between the targets of Psoraleae Fructus-Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and the targets of osteoporosis was obtained, a key target network between drug pairs and diseases was established, and the target genes, protein molecular function, intracellular localization, and the biological reactions and pathways were determined based on gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) database. Result: Psoraleae Fructus and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma had a total of 34 targets.The mechanism may be related to biological processes, such as phosphorylation of Smad protein, introduction of Smad protein into the nucleus, vitamin D reaction element binding, etc;and it was associated with osteoclast differentiation, oxidative phosphorylation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, endocrine and other factors regulating calcium resorption and other biological pathways. Conclusion: Psoraleae Fructus and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma can participate in the regulation of Smad protein and its signal transduction process.It can provide some ideas for tonifying kidney and promoting blood circulation preparations to achieve the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by regulating the Smad protein, thereby affecting Runt related transcription factor 2 and other transcription factors, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase and other signal pathways.关键词：integrated pharmacology;Psoraleae Fructus;Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma;osteoporosis;targets;signal pathway;gene ontology3|379|6更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the curative effect of modified Chaihu Shugan San combined with western medicine on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Method: A total of 88 patients with BPH were divided into two groups. The treatment group (44 cases) was given traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Chaihu Shugan San combined with western medicine tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsules, and the control group (44 cases) was given western medicine tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsules and Pulean. After 3 months of treatment, the total efficiency, prostate volume (PV), maximum flow rate(MFR), bladder residual urine volume (PRV), serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and Quality of Life(QOL), syndrome scores of TCM in two groups were compared. Result: The total effective rates were respectively 87.8% and 76.2% in treatment group and control group, with significant differences (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of PV, PRV, PSA, IPSS, syndrome scores of TCM were decreased, while MRF, QOL score were increased; some indexes in treatment group were superior to those in control group after treatment(P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Modified Chaihu Shugan San combined with western medicine has a significant curative effect, and can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients.关键词：benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) symptom;integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine therapy;modified Chaihu Shugan San;tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsules4|142|2更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To explore the clinical effect and possible mechanism of modified Shuyuwan in treatment of mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease(AD). Method: Totally 96 patients with mild and moderate AD were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 48 patients in each group. Patients in the treatment group took modified Shuyuwan, 15 mL each time, twice a day, while those in control group took Donepezil tablet, 5 mg/time before bedtime. The treatment course was 12 weeks in both groups. The Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scale, Activity of Daily Living (ADL) scale as well as Pattern and Element of Syndrome of Alzheimer's disease (AD-PES-11) Scale were evaluated before and after treatment. Another 48 cases with normal cognitive function were collected as normal group. The serum microRNA-132 (miR-132), miR-34a, miR-9, and let-7i levels of the 3 groups were measured by Real-time PCR both before and after treatment. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the score of neuropsychological test scales, AD-PES-11 scale and miRNAs levels. Result: As compared with those before treatment, the scores of MMSE were increased significantly after treatment, while the scores of ADL were decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.01). As compared with those before treatment, the scores of AD-PES-11 scale, kidney deficiency, spleen deficiency, medullary decrease, phlegm turbidity and blood stasis were significantly decreased after treatment in treatment group (P<0.05, P<0.01), while in control group, the score of spleen deficiency was increased significantly (P<0.05). As compared with control group, the scores of AD-PES-11 scale, kidney deficiency, spleen deficiency, phlegm and blood stasis were decreased significantly in treatment group after treatment (P<0.01). As compared with normal group, the expression levels of serum miR-132, miR-34a, and let-7i were significantly increased in treatment and control groups before treatment, and the expression of miR-9 was significantly decreased (P<0.01). As compared with those before treatment, the expression levels of serum miR-132, miR-34a, and let-7i were significantly decreased after treatment in the 2 groups, and the expression of miR-9 was significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that miR-34a expression level was positively correlated with kidney deficiency, phlegm turbidity and total scores (P<0.01); miR-9 expression level was negatively correlated with phlegm turbidity and total scores (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Modified Shuyuwan can effectively improve the cognitive function and daily life ability of AD patients, improve the status of kidney deficiency, spleen deficiency, medullary decrease, phlegm turbidity and blood stasis, and its mechanism may be related to regulating the levels of serum miR-132, miR-34a, miR-9 and let-7i.关键词：Alzheimer's disease(AD);clinical efficacy;microRNA;Modified Shuyuwan2|321|10更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect and safety of Yishen Tongluo Fang in treatment of chronic prostatitis cause by kidney deficiency blood stasis. Method: A total of 240 eligible cases were randomly divided into the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group, the western medicine (WM) group and the TCM and WM group, with 80 cases in each group. The TCM group was treated with Yishen Tongluo Fang; the WM group was given prostat tablets; the TCM and WM group was provided with Yishen Tongluo Fang combined with prostat tablets, with a course of 2 months. The clinical symptoms, serum inflammatory factors, hemorheological indexes and prostatic fluid indexes in three groups were observed before and after treatment. The total effective rate was recorded, and the 6-month follow-up visits were paid to observe the recurrence rate and the adverse reactions. Result: Seven cases were shed during the study. The total effective rate was 97.5% in the TCM and WM group, which was higher than 87.2% in the TCM group and 84.2% in the WM group (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the TCM was higher than that in the WM group, without statistically significant difference. After treatment, the serum inflammatory factors, hemorheological indexes and prostatic fluid indexes in the TCM and WM group were higher than those in the WM group and the TCM group. There was no significant difference between the TCM group and the WM group. By the adverse reactions, the order from low to high was the TCM group (1.3%) < the TCM and WM group (6.3%) < the WM group (17.1%) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Yishen Tongluo Fang is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic prostatitis cause by kidney deficiency blood stasis. Its combination with prostat tablets has a synergistic effect and detoxification.关键词：Yishen Tongluo Fang;prostat tablets;chronic abacterial prostatitis;kidney deficiency blood stasis4|201|8更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of Chaihu Shugan Tang in treating the liver-Qi stagnation type of post-stroke depression (PSD) and on serum nerve transmitters and nerve function recovery. Method: Totally 86 cases of the liver-Qi stagnation type of the liver-Qi PSD treated in our hospital from April 2016 to April 2017 were selected and divided into two groups with the random number table. The control group (43 cases) was treated with modified fluoxetine, and the observation group (43 cases) was treated with modified Chaihu Shugan Tang. The clinical efficacy, the levels of serum monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters, the changes of neurological function and the incidence of adverse reactions were recorded and compared between the two groups. Result: The total effective rate in the observation group was 95.4% (41/43) after 6 weeks of treatment, which was significantly higher than 81.4% (35/43) in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with those before the treatment, serum dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and glycine (Gly) levels all increased significantly in the two groups after the treatment (P<0.01), and the levels of aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) decreased significantly (P<0.01); the improvement of the observation group was more significant (P<0.01). Compared with before the treatment, the levels of serum neuron enolase (NSE) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) significantly decreased after the treatment in two groups (P<0.01). The level of serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increased significantly (P<0.01); the improvement of observation group was more significant (P<0.01). There was no obvious adverse reaction in the two groups. Conclusion: The application modified Chaihu Shugan Tang can effectively alleviate symptoms of cases of the liver-Qi stagnation type of the liver-Qi PSD, regulate neurotransmitter expression, and promote the recovery of neurological function, with a significant efficacy and safety.关键词：modified Chaihu Shugan Tang;liver-Qi stagnation type;post-stroke depression;neurotransmitter;nerve function2|163|2更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To discuss the clinical efficacy of dialectical addition and subtraction of Jingfang Baidusan combined with ginger therapy at urinary bladder meridian to acute coughing (syndrome of wind-cold invading lung) caused by acute tracheitis and bronchitis, and to investigate its effect on inflammatory factors according to the academic thought of ‘cough’ established by professor FU Ru-mei. Method: One hundred and sixty eligible patients were randomly divided into control group (80 cases) and observation group (80 cases) by random number table. Both groups received ginger treatment at urinary bladder meridian. Patients in control group additionally got Tongxuan Lifei granules, 9 g/time, tid. Patients in observation group additionally got dialectical addition and subtraction of Jingfang Baidusan combined, 1 dose/day. The treatment course was 6 days in both groups. Symptom scores of cough, visual analogue scale (VAS), and scores of syndrome of wind-cold invading lung were recorded both before and after treatment; in addition, prognosis of disease was also recorded. Before and after treatment, serum C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected. Result: After treatment, the total effective rate for the disease was 95.95% in observation group, better than 84.51% in control group (χ2=5.435, P<0.05). The total effective rate of cough was 97.30% in observation group, higher than 87.32% in control group (χ2=5.141, P<0.05). Scores of symptoms of cough (day, night and the total scores) and VAS of cough in the observation group were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Except for rhinobyon and fever, scores of other symptoms for syndrome of wind-cold invading lung and the total score in observation group were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01). The disappearance rates of cough, phlegm, flow and runny and pain of limbs in observation group were all higher than those in control group (P<0.01), and there were no statistically significant differences in disappearance rates of cold and no sweat, nasal congestion, pharynx itching, and fever between two groups. In addition, the levels of CRP, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α in observation group were lower than those in control group, and level of IFN-γ was higher than that in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the academic thought of "cough" established by Professor Fu Rumei, dialectical addition and subtraction of Jingfang Baidusan combined as ginger treatment at urinary bladder meridian on cute coughing (syndrome of wind-cold invading lung) caused by tracheitis and bronchitis can ameliorate cough, promote disappearance of symptoms, improve clinical effect, and the anti-inflammatory can also be found.关键词：acute tracheitis and bronchitis;acute cough;syndrome of wind-cold invading lung;Jingfang Baidusan;ginger treatment at urinary bladder meridian;inflammatory reaction3|210|3更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the effect of method of regulating Qi to dissipate blood stasis and phlegm on blood lipid metabolism of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and dyslipidemia and investigate its effect on regulating vascular endothelial function, inflammatory factors and oxidative stress. Method: One hundred and eighteen eligible patients were randomly divided into control group (58 cases) and observation group (58 cases) by random number table. Both groups received spironolactone tablets, 20 mg/time, qd. Benazepril hydrochloride tablets, 20 mg/time, qd. Bisoprolol tumarate tablets, 10 mg/time, qd. Patients in control group got atorvastatin, 10 mg/time, qd. Based on the treatment in control group, patients in observation group additionally received add and subtract Danshen Tang and Xuefu Zhuyu Tang, 1 dose/day. The treatment course was 2 months for both groups. Before and after treatment, levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein water (HDL-C), lipoprotein (a) (Lp-a), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), adiponectin (APN), leptin (LP), interleukins-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected. Echocardiography, left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVIDd), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and the ratio of the peak velocity of early stage and advanced stage of diastolic phase at the mitral orifice (E/A) were recorded before and after treatment. Result: Ridit analysis showed that the clinical efficacy for traditional Chinese medicine syndrome in observation group was better than that in control group (P<0.05). Level of HDL-C in observation group was higher than that in control group, and level of LDL-C was lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Level of Lp-a was lower than that in control group (P<0.05), and the number of abnormal cases for LDL-C and HDL-C were less than those in control group (P<0.05). Levels of ET-1, vWF, MDA, IL-6, TNF-α and LP in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01), while levels of NO, SOD, APN, LVEF, SV, CO and E/A were higher than those in control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: In the treatment of CHF and dyslipidemia with method of regulating Qi to dissipate blood stasis and phlegm can regulate lipid metabolism and vascular endothelial function, ameliorate cardiac function and symptoms, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidation effects to improve prognosis of CHF.关键词：chronic heart failure;method of regulating Qi to dissipate blood stasis and phlegm;blood lipid;vascular endothelial function;inflammatory factors;oxidative stress;cardiac function3|2|2更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：The process that extracellular signal stimulates cell, triggering interactions among a variety of signal molecules is called cell signal transduction which finally plays its specific biological functions in human body. All kinds of intracellular and extracellular signal molecules regulate the activities of ion channels, metabolic enzymes, transcription factors and so on through the signal transduction in cells, being involved in the various aspects of diseases occurrence and development. With the further development of molecular biology, a lot of experimental researches gradually improve our understanding on the mechanism of tumor and the signal pathways involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Dysregulation of signaling pathways in the cell which eventually leads to the abnormality of cell proliferation and apoptosis, is one of the main mechanisms of cell carcinogenesis. Molecular targeted treatment for these important signaling pathways can reverse, delay and prevent carcinogenic process. As we can see in a large number of clinical practices, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) have shown following efficacy advantages in the treatment of tumors:reducing the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, improving clinical symptoms, increasing life quality, stabilizing the tumor, preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis after operation, prolonging the survival time and improving the survival rate. What's more, lots of experimental studies have proved that some anti-tumor TCMs play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of tumor by regulating cell signal transduction in multiple pathways. In this review, based on the related experiments of Chinese medicine in recent years, we searched the related articles and summarized 11 kinds of signaling pathways involved in these researches of anti-tumor TCM, in order to provide a reference for further research.关键词：traditional Chinese medicine;anti-tumor;mechanism;signal pathway;activation;research progress3|1542|20更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Hepatic fibrosis is a repair response to various chronic liver injuries.It is also a common pathological process of various chronic liver diseases.The excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) are currently considered to be the main factors in the complex pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis.Thus, anti-hepatic fibrosis has become one of the focuses on treatment research of chronic liver diseases.Xiayuxue Tang was first recorded in the book of Jinkui Yaolue (Synopsis of the Golden Chamber), and was consisted of three Chinese medicinal herbs, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Persicae Semen, and Eupolyphaga Steleophaga.It has good clinical efficacy in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis.This article was reviewed the study on the pharmacological effect and mechanism of anti-hepatic fibrosis of Xiayuxue Tang in recent years.It was found that Xiayuxue Tang exerts anti-hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of HSCs and inducing the apoptosis of activated HSCs, regulating the function of macrophage, inhibiting the capillarization of hepatic sinusoids and inhibiting the level of lipid peroxidation.And this article will help to the new drugs development and clinical treatment of Xiayuxue Tang in liver fibrosis.关键词：Xiayuxue Tang;anti-hepatic fibrosis;mechanism;classic formula;hepatic stellate cells;extracellular matrix;lipid peroxidation5|284|8更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, a traditional Chinese medicinal mangrove plants, is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan and its coastal islands, and grow in shallow sea salt beaches. According to the records of Chinese Ocean Materia Medica, its bark, used for sore throat, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bleeding caused by varied reasons, leaves for malaria, and fruits for proctoptosis due to long-term diarrhea, are of great value in pharmaceutical application. Profound researches on chemical composition and pharmacological actions has been increasingly implemented since the last century. The present studies have revealed that a variety of chemical compositions are found in extracted samples including flavonoids, sulfurations, terpenoids, aromatic compounds, cyanosides, amino acids, and 18 flavonoids, 7 sulfurations, 37 terpenoids, 8 aromatic compounds, 7 cyanosides, 8 phenylpropanoids isolated from B. gymnorrhiza. Both in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies have proved that these constituents have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-diabetic effects and are beneficial for cardiovascular diseases, but majority of the studies are focused on their antiviral and anti-tumor functions. Related literature in CNKI Database, Wanfang, Science Direct, PubMed and Web of science Database from 1972 to 2018 were research conditions of B. gymnorrhiza were summarized and explored the research progress on clinical medication, chemical composition, pharmacological activities by searching previous studies at home and abroad with respect to B. gymnorrhiza, hoping to provide the theoretical basis for its further studies and rational use in clinic.关键词：Bruguiera gymnorrhiza;chemical constituents;pharmacological activities;bark;leaf;fruit4|370|3更新时间：2024-09-23
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