最新刊期
卷 24 ， 期 24 ， 2018
- 摘要：The present review analyzes the status of production technology and quality standard of typical authentic medicinal materials in Shanxi province,in order to objectively summarize the research status of the production and quality standard of medicinal materials in Shanxi province,so as to serve the production,research and development and sustainable utilization of these medicinal materials. The resource situation, ecological planting（wild nurture） technology, harvesting and processing technology, and quality standard of typical authentic medicinal materials in Shanxi province,such as Codonopsis pilosula roots and Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus roots, are studied by literature research and field investigation. The results show that the standard planting technologies for typical authentic medicinal materials of Shanxi, such as modern agricultural cultivation,ecological cultivation and wild imitation cultivation,are adopted. Harvesting methods include manual and mechanical harvesting. Traditional processing methods are mostly used in the processing of medicinal materials. Traditional storage methods are mostly used in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） cooperatives,and the air-controlled storage technologies are widely used in large Chinese medicine and slices manufacturing enterprises. The methods used for the quality control of genuine medicinal materials of Shanxi are advanced,and the quality standards are higher than standards in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,which embody the characteristics and advantages of Shanxi authentic medicinal materials. In conclusion,the cultivation methods for the most representative medicinal materials of Shanxi embody the characteristics of ecological planting,and the traditional processing techniques of genuine medicinal materials are retained in the local processing. The quality of authentic medicinal materials of Shanxi is excellent and the production scale is expanding year by year,which plays an irreplaceable role in the development of TCM industry.关键词：genuine medicinal materials;ecological planting;wild nursing;harvest;processing in producing area;storage;quality standard4|764|4更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：The present review analyzes the status of production technology and quality standard of typical authentic medicinal materials in Shanxi province,in order to objectively summarize the research status of the production and quality standard of medicinal materials in Shanxi province,so as to serve the production,research and development and sustainable utilization of these medicinal materials.The resource situation,ecological planting(wild nurture) technology,harvesting and processing technology,and quality standard of typical authentic medicinal materials in Shanxi province,such as Codonopsis pilosula roots and Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus roots,are studied by literature research and field investigation.The results show that the standard planting technologies for typical authentic medicinal materials of Shanxi,such as modern agricultural cultivation,ecological cultivation and wild imitation cultivation,are adopted.Harvesting methods include manual and mechanical harvesting.Traditional processing methods are mostly used in the processing of medicinal materials.Traditional storage methods are mostly used in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) cooperatives,and the air-controlled storage technologies are widely used in large Chinese medicine and slices manufacturing enterprises.The methods used for the quality control of genuine medicinal materials of Shanxi are advanced,and the quality standards are higher than standards in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,which embody the characteristics and advantages of Shanxi authentic medicinal materials.In conclusion,the cultivation methods for the most representative medicinal materials of Shanxi embody the characteristics of ecological planting,and the traditional processing techniques of genuine medicinal materials are retained in the local processing.The quality of authentic medicinal materials of Shanxi is excellent and the production scale is expanding year by year,which plays an irreplaceable role in the development of TCM industry.关键词：genuine medicinal materials;ecological planting;wild nursing;harvest;processing in producing area;storage;quality standard0|1|4更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the protection of Huangqi glycoprotein (HQGP) on mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE) and further explore its mechanism of nerve repair. Method: Twenty female C57BL/6 mice were immunized subcutaneously with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55) polypeptide and randomly divided into EAE group and HQGP group.Mice in HQGP group were received intraperitoneal injection of HQGP (1 mg·kg-1·d-1) on day 3 post-immunization with continuous administration for 18 days.To observe the effect of HQGP in EAE,clinical assessment of EAE scores was evaluated and the body weight of mice was recorded every day.Spinal cords of mice were obtained for hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Luxol fast blue(LFB) staining to observe the neuroprotective effect of HQGP.The infiltration of cluster of differentiation 68+(CD68+) macrophages and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP-2) and neuronal nuclei(NeuN) in spinal cord of mice were detected by immunohistochemistry.Double immunofluorescence histochemistry was used to detect the expression of CD11b+ cells and chemokine ligand-5(CCL-5) in spinal cord of mice.The levels of cytokines in the supernatant of cultured splenic suspension of mononuclear cells(MNCs) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Result: HQGP delayed onset and improved the clinical symptoms of EAE,accompanied by inhibiting inflammation and alleviating demyelination in the spinal cord.Compared with EAE group,HQGP reduced the infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and CD11b+ cells,inhibited the expression of iNOS and CCL-5 and increased the expression of MAP-2 and NeuN in the spinal cord.Further studies showed that HQGP could reduce the production of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-6,increase the level of IL-10 and γ-interferon(IFN-γ). Conclusion: HQGP has the potential role for the treatment of EAE and the mechanism is related to anti-inflammation,regulation of immune cell expression and cytokine secretion,reduction of demyelination and promotion of axon and neuron repair.关键词：Huangqi glycoprotein;experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis;immunocyte;cytokines;inducible nitric oxide synthase;microtubule-associated protein 2;neuronal nuclear antigen6|2|2更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To identify enzyme genes involved in the terpene biosynthesis in Astragali Radix and to perform bioinformatic analysis for understanding the biosynthesis,accumulation and underlying mechanism of the terpenoids, especially astragaloside. Method: Transcriptome library was constructed using Astragali Radix plant seedlings as raw material by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq),and preliminary screening of terpene synthases(TPS) was performed based on the annotation of unigenes and contigs.The phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA 4.0,and bioinformatic analysis was performed by online tools. Result: A total of 76 TPSs were obtained,of which 13 contained intact open reading frames(ORFs).And the genes annotated as TPS10 were the most,followed by the ones annotated as germacrene D synthase and monoterpene synthase.Seventeen representative sequences of TPSs were selected for alignment analysis,demonstrating that these TPSs were clustered into three groups and each group was consisted of class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ terpenoid synthetases.In addition,three cycloartenol synthases(CASs) responsible for the cycloartenol biosynthesis were identified,two of which had the highest identities to the ones published elsewhere in Astragali Radix.Meanwhile,two CASs contain intact ORFs,and corresponding amino acid length of deduced proteins were 795 aa and 757 aa,respectively.Subcellular localization of all three CASs was predicted in endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusion: TPSs responsible for monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes and triterpene biosynthesis are successfully identified from the transcriptome library.The predicted location of CASs in endoplasmic reticulum is in accordance with the triterpene biosynthesis by cytoplasmic mevalonate (MVA) pathway.关键词：Astragali Radix;terpene synthase;gene discovery;bioinformatics;cycloartenol synthase;open reading frame;sequence4|2|3更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To compare the characteristics of fatty acids in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(ZSS) from different regions in Shanxi province. Method: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was employed to isolate and identify the fatty acid components in ZSS from 28 growing areas in Shanxi province.Furthermore,hierarchical cluster analysis method was applied to analyze the experimental data. Result: The yield of fatty acids in ZSS from different regions of Shanxi province ranged from 22.09% to 31.10%;a total of 24 fatty acids were identified,the relative amount of unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 68.22% to 89.92%.The hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that all samples in Shanxi province divided into two main types at Euclidean distance coefficient of 5.0. Conclusion: ZSS in Shanxi province is rich in unsaturated fatty acids.The origin has little influence on the content of fatty acid in ZSS.It indicates that Shanxi province has the regional advantages to develop fatty acids in ZSS.关键词：Ziziphi Spinosae Semen;fatty acid;gas chromatography-mass spectrometry;cluster analysis;unsaturated fatty acids;linoleic acid4|2|7更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Shanxi province is the main producing area of Polygalae Radix,supplying 80% of this herb in the market,and the change of Polygalae Radix in Shanxi province affects the development of the whole industry of this herb.According to the investigation in the main producing area of Polygalae Radix in Shanxi province and surrounding area,the cultivation history,resources,distribution,change in production areas and price trend of this herb are elaborated comprehensively.The advantages and disadvantages of Polygalae Radix industry in Shanxi are analyzed through the comparison of its production area in Shanxi and other producing areas.It is pointed out that the disorder of the production,the lack of quality indicators,the unclear germplasm resources,the root rot and aflatoxin are the main bottlenecks that restrict the development of Polygalae Radix.In view of the above problems,it is suggested that the distrubition of Polygalae Radix areas should be guided by ecological suitability,a comprehensive quality evaluation system for Polygalae Radix should be established.The problems in Polygalae Radix production should be solved through breeding of new variety,standardization of cultivation techniques,combination of production,learning and research.关键词：Polygalae Radix;resource status;region;suggestions for development;evaluation system;root rot;aflatoxin2|2|7更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To analyze the difference of HPLC fingerprint of Polygalae Radix with different commercial grades. Method: A total of 47 batches of Polygalae Radix with different commercial grades collected from four medicinal materials markets were measured for their diameters and doping percents.The fingerprint of Polygalae Radix were analyzed by HPLC and their similarities were calculated.Then,the control fingerprint of Polygalae Radix with different grades was established. Result: The similarity between the different batches of Tonghuo and the established control fingerprint of 47 batches of Polygalae Radix ranged from 0.925 to 0.996;the similarity between the different batches of Xiaotong and the control fingerprint ranged from 0.840 to 0.997;the similarity between the different batches of Zhongtong and control fingerprint ranged from 0.865 to 0.996;the similarity between the different batches of Datong and the control fingerprint ranged from 0.931 to 0.993. Conclusion: The traditional theory of'determination of quality through characters' experience has certain scientific basis.It is necessary to establish the standard of commercial grade related to intrinsic chemical composition and appearance for ensuring the consistency of the quality of Polygalae Radix with the same grade,and improving the accuracy of clinical use of Polygalae Radix.关键词：Polygalae Radix;sugar esters;fringerprint;commodity grade;similarity analysis;saponins;medicine market4|2|8更新时间：2024-09-23
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Rapid Prediction of Contents of Sibiricose A5 and Sibiricose A6 in Polygalae Radix with ISSR Markers
摘要：Objective: The inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) reaction system of Polygalae Radix was optimized and a pair of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) primers was designed to rapidly predict the contents of sibiricose A5 and sibiricose A6 in Polygalae Radix. Method: The contents of sibiricose A5 and sibiricose A6 were determined by UPLC,and the ISSR reaction system of Polygalae Radix was optimized by single factor tests.The specific DNA fragments related to sibiricose A5 and sibiricose A6 were screened by ISSR,and a pair of specific PCR primers was designed for the fragments. Result: The contents of sibiricose A5 and sibiricose A6 were significantly different in 7 batches of Polygalae Radix,and the variation range of these two substances was 0.895 4-3.227 6,0.644 2-2.057 8 mg·g-1,respectively.After cloning and sequencing of 890-8 related to the contents of sibiricose A5 and sibiricose A6,a pair of specific primers (YZ-SA) was designed for rapidly predicting the contents of sibiricose A5 and sibiricose A6 in Polygalae Radix. Conclusion: The ISSR-PCR system established for Polygalae Radix shows the characters of clear marker site,reliable abundant polymorphisms and other characteristics.The specific PCR primers can be used to rapidly predict the contents of sibiricose A5 and sibiricose A6 in Polygalae Radix.关键词：Polygalae Radix;inter-simple sequence repeat;amplification polymorphism;sibiricose A5;sibiricose A6;specific DNA fragments;YZ-SA3|2|2更新时间：2024-09-23 - 摘要：Objective: In order to provide beneficial reference for the construction of core germplasm resources and molecular marker for assisted breeding of Codonopsis Radix,four Codonopsis taxa from 6 provinces and cities in China were analyzed by simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. Method: Ten pairs of SSR markers were applied to the investigation of genetic diversity and differentiation degree of Codonopsis Radix,then the phylogenetic relationship and genetic structure of three Codonopsis taxa(C. pilosula,C. pilosula var. modesta and C. tangshen) were evaluated. Result: The average allele number(Na) and percentage of polymorphic loci(PPL) were 4.1 and 100% in all points of ten pairs of SSR primers of Codonopsis Radix;their average values of observed heterozygosity(Ho),expected heterozygosity(He),average heterozygosity(Ha) and Shannon's information index(I) were 0.431 9,0.486 2,0.410 3,0.853 7,respectively.Na,I,He and Ho at the levels of Codonopsis Radix population were 1.9-3.2,0.44-0.90,0.28-0.57 and 0.27-0.61,respectively.The genetic diversity of cultivate population from Dexing country of Gansu province was the most abundant.The phylogenic tree was constructed based on Nei's genetic distance and 38 populations were divided into 3 clusters,C. tsinlingensis were separated to cluster Ⅰ,cluster Ⅱ were divided into 2 groups (C. pilosula var. modesta and C. tangshen),while C. pilosula belonged to cluster Ⅲ.Then genetic structure analysis of C. pilosula,C. pilosula var. modesta and C. tangshen was divided into two gene pools with few transition species. Conclusion: The resource of Codonopsis Radix is abundant in genetic diversity.This characteristic is related to the history of the introduction of the species and its own biological characteristics.There is a higher degree of genetic differentiation among the populations of Codonopsis Radix,which may result from the isolation of natural geography and the fragmentation environments caused by current human activities.These results provide a theory basis for the study on genetic diversity,genetic structure and resource protection of Codonopsis Radix.关键词：Codonopsis Radix;simple sequence repeat;genetic diversity;genetic structure;average allele number;percentage of polymorphic loci;heterozygosity3|2|11更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：<正>山西地处太行以西,其地形、地貌复杂,气候多样,水文土壤条件独特,为中药材种植产业提供了巨大的地理空间和优越的自然环境条件。全省中药材种植面积有300万亩,其中耕地种植面积170万亩,野生抚育面积130万亩。晋产道地药材规范化种植技术体现了生态种植的特点,几种主要药材产地加工方式保留了道地药材传统加工技术特色。2|129|0更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To study on the chemical constituents in Codonopsis Radix,and to investigate their in vitro antioxidant activities of isolated compounds. Method: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by D101 macroporous resin,MCI resin,silica gel,octadecyl silane bonded silica(ODS),Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative silica gel thin layer chromatography.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and mass spectrometry(MS) were used to elucidate the structures of obtained compounds.The antioxidant effects of isolated compounds were evaluated by radical scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)(ABTS) and superoxide anion with vitamin C as positive control. Result: Seven compounds were obtained and identified as 7R/7S,8S-guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4'-(coniferyl alcohol) ether(1/2),lobetyolin(3),atractylenolide Ⅲ(4),syringin(5),tangshenoside Ⅰ(6),codonopyrrolidium B(7).Among them,compound 1 and 2 showed potential capacity for DPPH and ABTS+·radical scavenging,compound 1-7 showed relatively low capacity for O2-·radical scavenging. Conclusion: Compound 1 and 2,identified as neolignans,are isolated from the genus Codonopsis for the first time and exhibit certain in vitro antioxidant activities.关键词：Codonopsis Radix;chemical constituents;lignan;column chromatography;antioxidant activity;Sephadex;methanol extract4|2|11更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Shanxi has a unique geographical location,with a complex and diverse topography and landform,and rich resources of Chinese herbal medicines.It has a long history of medicinal herbs and has formed a variety of Daodi Chinese medicinal materials through historical development.In recent years,the state and Shanxi province have issued a series of policies to support the development of Chinese medicine for promoting the development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry.This article compares contents of active ingredients in medicinal materials(Codonopsis Radix,Forsythiae Fructus,Astragali Radix,Bupleuri Radix,Farfarae Flos and Polygalae Radix) from different areas to reflect the quality of them,and to evaluated the quality of medicinal materials from Shanxi province.The result showed that contents of active ingredients in medicinal materials from Shanxi province were higher than other areas and the medicinal materials were of better quality.It can provide a theoretical basis for the development of medicinal herbs in Shanxi province.关键词：Shanxi;Daodi Chinese medicinal materials;herbal quality;Forsythiae Fructus;Codonopsis Radix;Polygalae Radix;Bupleuri Radix2|2|5更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：<正>山西省是中药资源大省,也是全国著名的中药材主产区。据统计,全省现有1788种中药材,其中30余种为道地药材,党参、黄芪、连翘、黄芩、柴胡、远志、苦参等都是业界闻名的晋产道地药材。山西具有发展中药产业的资源优势及市场品质竞争优势,挖掘潜力巨大。近年来,山西省中药科技与产业取得了长足发展,由中药资源大省向中药科技产业大省转变。目前拥有20余个围绕晋药资源设立的国家和省级创新中心、工程中心和创新团队,主要有山西省道地药材资源开发工程技术中心、天然来源创2|62|0更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To establish a method for content identification of main chemical compositions in Laportea bulbifera extract by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). Method: The chromateographic separation was performed on Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 RRHD (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm) with 0.1% formic acid solution-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution as mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.25 mL·min-1; column temperature was set at 40℃ and injection volume was 1 μL. Electrospray ionization (ESI) was applied and operated in negative ion mode. By using Data Analysis software combined with retention time,exact relative molecular weight and reference data,the structures of the monitored chemical compositions were identified. Result: Thirteen chemical compounds were identified by molecule mass information,reference data and present standards, including 4 catechins,3 phenylpropanoids and 6 flavonoids. Among them, neochlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,rutin,isoquercitrin,luteoloside,kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside,astragalin and quercitrin were first found in L. bulbifera. Conclusion: The established detection method was convenient and accurate,providing an analytical approach for rapidly identifying and analyzing the chemical compounds of L. bulbifera extract,and laying a foundation for its quality control as well as further studies on clarifying the material basis of its efficacy.关键词：Laportea bulbifera;UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS;catechin;phenylpropanoids;flavonoid3|2|9更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To develop a method for simultaneous content determination of cinnamaldehyde,bornyl acetate,paeonol,myristicin,furanodienone,ligustilide and α-cyperone in Nvjin pill. Method: The quantitative analysis was carried out on a capillary column of HP-5(250 μm×30 m,0.25 μm),temperature programming:initial temperature 50℃,keeping 1 minute,heating up to 130℃ with a rate of 20℃·min-1,keeping 10 minutes,and then heating up to 180℃ with a rate of 2℃·min-1,keeping 1 minute,inlet port temperature 230℃,detector temperature 250℃,split sampling at a split ratio 10:1. Result: The 7 components were completely separated and can be well separated from other components. Cinnamaldehyde,bornyl acetate,paeonol,myristicin,furanodienone,ligustilide and α-cyperone showed a good linear relationship with the chromatographic peak area within the range of 0.013 4-1.342 3,0.003 4-0.343 0,0.023 0-2.302 7,0.017 3-1.728 5,0.030 1-3.008 5,0.017 2-1.724 8, 0.003 1-0.308 8 μg respectively. The average recoveries (n=6) were 99.6%,99.4%,99.3%,99.1%,99.8%,99.3% and 99.0%,respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 0.4%,0.4%,0.3%,0.2%,0.1%,0.4%,0.5%,respectively (n=6). Conclusion: This method is simple,accurate,reproducible and convenient for the quality control over Nvjin pill.关键词：gas chromatography;Nvjin pill;Angelicae Sinensis Radix;Cinnamomi Cortex;Amomi Fructus;Myrrha;Moutan Cortex;Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix;Cyperi Rhizoma3|2|1更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To establish the method for simultaneous determination of the contents of tectoridin,saikoisoflavonoside A, quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside, quercetin, diosmetin, apigenin and 5,4’-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,3’-pentamethoxy flavone based on high performance liquid chromatography diode array detection method of Calium verum. Method: Ultimate XB C18 column（4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm） was used with methanol-0. 05% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution, at a flow rate of1. 0 m L·min-1. The column temperature was 35 ℃. The determination wavelength was 260 nm for tectoridin,saikoisoflavonoside A, quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside, quercetin, diosmetin, apigenin and 5,4’-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,3’-pentamethoxy flavone. Result: There was a linear correlation within the range of 9. 3-186 mg·L-1（r = 0. 999 4）,12. 8-256 mg·L-1（r = 0. 999 3）,50-1 000 mg·L-1（r = 0. 999 3）,38. 7-774 mg·L-1（r =0. 999 5）,14. 5-290 mg·L-1（r = 0. 999 2）,27. 4-548 mg·L-1（r = 0. 999 7） and 8. 6-172 mg·L-1（r =0. 999 6） respectively for tectoridin,saikoisoflavonoside A,quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside,quercetin,diosmetin and 5,4’-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,3’-pentamethoxy flavones. The average recovery rate was 98. 15%（RSD2. 4%）,101. 30%（RSD 2. 2%）,99. 18%（RSD 1. 1%）,99. 96%（RSD 1. 4%）,101. 88%（RSD0. 9%）,100. 02%（RSD 2. 3%） and 101. 71%（RSD 1. 4%） respectively for tectoridin,saikoisoflavonoside A,quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside, quercetin, diosmetin, apigenin and 5, 4’-dihydroxy-3, 6, 7, 8, 3’-pentamethoxy flavone. Conclusion: The analysis method is simple,rapid,reproducible,accurate,and reliable,and can be used to identify and determine the contents of seven constituents in G. verum,providing scientific basis for its quality control.2|1|1更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To establish the method for simultaneous determination of the contents of tectoridin,saikoisoflavonoside A,quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside,quercetin,diosmetin,apigenin and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,3'-pentamethoxy flavone based on high performance liquid chromatography diode array detection method of Calium verum. Method: Ultimate XB C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used with methanol-0.05% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was 35℃. The determination wavelength was 260 nm for tectoridin,saikoisoflavonoside A,quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside,quercetin,diosmetin,apigenin and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,3'-pentamethoxy flavone. Result: There was a linear correlation within the range of 9.3-186 mg·L-1(r=0.999 4),12.8-256 mg·L-1(r=0.999 3),50-1 000 mg·L-1(r=0.999 3),38.7-774 mg·L-1(r=0.999 5),14.5-290 mg·L-1(r=0.999 2),27.4-548 mg·L-1(r=0.999 7) and 8.6-172 mg·L-1(r=0.999 6) respectively for tectoridin, saikoisoflavonoside A,quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside,quercetin,diosmetin and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,3'-pentamethoxy flavones. The average recovery rate was 98.15%(RSD 2.4%),101.30%(RSD 2.2%),99.18%(RSD 1.1%),99.96%(RSD 1.4%),101.88%(RSD 0.9%),100.02%(RSD 2.3%) and 101.71%(RSD 1.4%)respectively for tectoridin,saikoisoflavonoside A,quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside,quercetin,diosmetin,apigenin and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,3'-pentamethoxy flavone. Conclusion: The analysis method is simple,rapid,reproducible,accurate,and reliable,and can be used to identify and determine the contents of seven constituents in G. verum, providing scientific basis for its quality control.关键词：Galiun verum;tectoridin;saikoisoflavonoside A;quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside;quercetin;diosmetin;apigenin;5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,3'-pentamethoxy flavone2|2|0更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To establish a systematic quality control method for Dioscorea cirrhosa and improve its quality controllability. Method: Microscopic identification method was applied to identify the powder microscopic characteristics of D. cirrhosa; and thin layer chromatography (TLC) was applied to identify its thin layer chromatography,and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determinate the contents of catehin and epicatechin in D. cirrhosa. The contents of water,total ash,acid insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extractives were measured based on Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 version. Result: The obvious microscopic characteristics,such as needle-like calcium oxalate crystals,starch granules and stone cells were observed. The spots in TLC chromatograms of D. cirrhosa were clear, with spot color and Rf value consistent with those of the controls HPLC results showed that catehin and epicatechin were well separated and there were good linear relationships (r=0.999 9) at the ranges within 4.900-196.0,5.020-200.8 mg·L-1 respectively. The average recoveries of catehin and epicatechin were 99.67% and 99.25%,respectively, RSDof 1.5% and 1.6% respectively, with a high precision, repeatability and stability. The contents of catehin and epicatechin were in the range of 0.553 2-10.25 mg·g-1 and 0.646 1-11.06 mg·g-1 in different batches of D. cirrhosa. The average mass fraction of water,total ash,acid insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extractives were 16.3%,3.97%,1.41% and 20.3%,respectively in 10 batches of samples. Conclusion: The method was simple,accurate and reliable,and can provide reference and basis for more effective quality control of D. cirrhosa.关键词：Dioscorea cirrhosa;thin layer chromatography (TLC);catehin;epicatechin;high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)3|2|0更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To analyze and identify the chemical compositions of n-butyl alcohol fraction from Gentiana rhodantha 95% ethanol extract by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Method: The separation was performed on Waters BEH C18(2.1 mm×50mm,1.7 μm) with 0.01% formic acid solution-0.01% acetonitrile formate as mobile phase for gradient elution. The column temperature was 30℃, the flow rate was 0.4 mL·min-1. ESI ion source was used in the mass spectrometry,and the data were collected in positive and negative ion modes for data analysis by referring to relevant literature of G. rhodantha and comparing with the control product information. Result: The 33 chemical compounds were identified from the plant,including 10 iridoids,6 phenolic acids,5 flavonoids,6 triterpenoids,1 benzoic acid carboxylate,1 pyranone and 4 other types. 24 compounds among them were detected from this species for the first time,namely ferulic acid,demethylbellidifolin,3S,5R,6R,9S-tetrahydrox-ymegas-tigmane,lbellidifolin,gentiobiose,chiratin,secoxyloganin,α-amyrin or β-amyrin,28-hydroxy-α-amyrin(28-hydroxy-β-amyrin or 24-hydroxy-lupeol),norswertianolin,quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside,3-O-acetoxy-uvao,2'-(2,3-dihyd-roxybenzoyl)-gentiopicroside, gentianose,gmephiloside,isoorientin-4'-O-glucoside,rindoside,macophyllosides A,macophyllosides B and rhodanthenone respectively,secologanoside,gentiside F,gentiside G and anthocyanidin. Conclusion: UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology can be used to identify the chemical compositions of G. rhodantha quickly and accurately,providing references for its quality evaluation and application development.关键词：Miao medicine;Gentiana rhodantha;chemical composition;UPLC-Q-TOF-MS4|2|7更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To establish an analytical method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of imperialine-3β-D-glucoside,imperialine,peimisine,verticine,verticinone and hupehenine in Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis. Method: The separation was carried out on Agilent Eclipse XDB C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm) with 0.1% formic acid solution (containing 0.01 mol·L-1ammonium formate)-acetonitrile as mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1,and column temperature was 35℃. The target components were detected in multiple reaction monitoring mode by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI) source under positive mode. The quantitative and qualitative ion pairs of the six analytes were as follows:imperialine-3β-D-glucoside m/z 592.4 > 574.4,138.2,96.1,imperialine m/z 430.4>412.3,138.2,96.1,peimisine m/z 430.4>412.3,109.2,67.2,verticine m/z 432.4>414.4,95.2,67.2, verticinone m/z 430.4>412.3,396.3,91.1,and hupehenine m/z 416.4>98.2,81.2,67.2.The results showed that good linearity was achieved in their respective linear ranges (r>0.999 1), with good precision,repeatability and stability. The average recovery ranged from 98.07% to 106.62%,and the RSD was less than 5%. Result: There were great differences in the content of 6 components between various batches. In general,the contents were highest for imperialine and imperialine-3β-D-glucoside,followed by peimisine,verticinone,verticine and hupehenine progressively. Conclusion: The method is sensitive and accurate,and suitable for the simultaneous determination of multiple components in Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis,providing a basis for its quality control and comprehensive assessment.关键词：Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis;UPLC-MS/MS;alkaloid components;content determination;multiple reaction monitoring2|2|3更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of piperine on liver receptor homolog-1(LRH-1) related signal pathway in liver tissues of mice with cholesterol gallston. Method: A total of 90 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups,namely normal group,model group,ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)group (90 mg·kg-1),and low-dose, middle-dose, high-dose piperine groups(20, 40, 60 mg·kg-1 respectively), 15 mice in each group. The mice received intragastrical administration for 4 weeks. Except for the normal group, the mice of other groups were fed with high-fat diet containing 2% cholesterol for 4 weeks to establish cholesterol gallston models. The stone formation was observed with naked eyes; gallbladder volume was measured, and the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were detected. The protein expression levels of LRH-1, scavenger receptor BⅠ(SRBI), ATP binding cassette transport-G5(ABCG5), ABCG8 in liver tissues of each group were detected by Western blot, and the mRNA expression levels of LRH-1,SRBI, ABCG5 and ABCG8 in liver tissues of each group were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). Result: As compared with the normal group,the rate of stone formation in the model group was significantly increased (P<0.05); the volume of gallbladder was increased significantly (P<0.05); the contents of TC, TG and LDL-C in serum were increased significantly(P<0.05); the content of HDL-C in serum was decreased significantly(P<0.05), and the protein and mRNA expression levels of LRH-1, SRBI, ABCG5 and ABCG8 in liver tissues were increased significantly (P<0.05). As compared with the model group, the rate of stone formation in ursodeoxycholic acid group and piperine medium and high dose groups was significantly lower (P<0.05); the volume of gallbladder was decreased significantly(P<0.05); the contents of TC,TG and LDL-C in serum were decreased significantly (P<0.05); the content of HDL-C in serum was increased significantly(P<0.05); the protein and mRNA expression levels of LRH-1, SRBI, ABCG5 and ABCG8 in liver tissue were decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: Medium and high dose (40, 60 mg·kg-1) piperine can inhibit the formation of cholesterol gallstones in the gallbladder of C57BL/6 mice induced by high cholesterol diet, which may be related to the improvement of lipid metabolism abnormality and inhibition of the expression of LRH-1/SRBI and LRH-1/ABCG5/ABCG8 signaling pathways in the liver tissue; moreover, piperine high dose group had better effects than piperine medium dose group.关键词：piperine;cholesterol gallstone;liver receptor homolog-1(LRH-1) related signal pathway2|2|0更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To explore the antiepileptic effect of Dingxianwan in rats with refractory epilepsy and investigate its possible molecular mechanism. Method: The 90 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups:normal control group (n=10) and refractory epilepsy model group (n=80). Then, 64 successful modeling rats were randomly divided into model group, Dingxianwan group, carbamazepine group and integrated Chinese and western medicine group, with 16 rats in each group. The rats in Dingxianwan group were ig administered with Dingxianwan suspension 1.5 g·kg-1·d-1; rats in carbamazepine group were ig administered with carbamazepine solution 30 mg·kg-1·d-1; rats in integrated Chinese and western medicine group were ig administered with Dingxianwan suspension 1.5 g·kg-1·d-1 +carbamazepine solution 30 mg·kg-1·d-1,while rats in normal control group and model group were ig administered with normal saline 15 mL·kg-1·d-1. Administration lasted for one month. Then the antiepileptic effects of Dingxianwan were evaluated by behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG). The effects of Dingxianwan on carbamazepine concentration in rat brains were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The multi-drug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) protein and mRNA expression levels in rat brains were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real time polymerase chain reation (Real-time PCR) techniques. Result: In normal control group, there was no epileptic attack and only a small amount of MDR1,P-gp expressed in rats brain. As compared with normal control group, the epileptic seizure grade was higher (P<0.05); the duration was longer (P<0.05) and MDR1,P-gp expression levels were higher (P<0.05) in the cortex and hippocampus of model group rats. As compared with model group, the grade and duration of epileptic seizures in experimental groups were lower (P<0.05), and the expression levels of MDR1,P-gp in brains were significantly lower (P<0.05). As compared with Dingxianwan group, the seizure grade was lower (P<0.05); the duration was shorter (P<0.05) and the expression levels of MDR1,P-gp were lower in the integrated Chinese and western medicine group (P<0.05). As compared with carbamazepine group, the expression levels of MDR1,P-gp in brains were lower in Dingxianwan group and integrated Chinese and western medicine group; the seizure grade was lower (P<0.05) and duration was shorter (P<0.05) while the concentration of carbamazepine in the brain of rats was higher in rats of integrated Chinese and western medicine group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Dingxianwan has certain antiepileptic effect on refractory epilepsy and can reverse carbamazepine resistance, showing synergistic effect. The reversal of drug resistance may be related to the blocking of MDR1,P-gp expression in rat brains.关键词：refractory epilepsy;Dingxianwan;behavior;electroencephalogram;drug concentration;multidrug resistance gene 1;P-glycoprotein6|2|2更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective:To observe the effect of Bushen Huayu Shengxin formula combined with intravenous injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs）in delaying senescence of rat,so as to define the feasibility of traditional Chinese medicine combined with intravenous BMSCs in delaying aging of human body.Method:Totally 75 SD rats were randomly divided into high,medium and low-dose drug groups,the control group,the model group,with 12 rats in each group.The rats received a subcutaneous injection of D-galactose solution with the dose of 125 mg·kg-1·d-1,once a day,for 45 d to establish rat aging models.The drug groups were administered with the Bushen Huayu Shengxin formula in 27.28,13.64,6.82 g·kg-1respectively in the morning and evening for 45 d（high-dose group,mid-dose group and low-dose group）.The model group was administered with normal saline,and the control group was not given any drug.At the same time,every rat was injected with 3.0×106/m L BMSCs through tail vein once a week for four weeks.Immumofluorescence method was used to detect the number of CD105,P53,P21,p16INK4a-positive cells in brain,liver,lung,spleen,kidney,heart.Real-time fluorescent PCR（Real-time PCR）was used to detect the expressions of CD105,P53,P21,p16INK4a.Result:Compared with the normal group,the expression of CD105 in brain,liver,lung,spleen,kidney,heart was significantly lower,while P53,P21,p16INK4awere significantly higher in the model group（P<0.05）,mRNA expressions of P53,P21,p16INK4ain brain,liver,lung,spleen,kidney,heart were significantly up-regulated（P<0.05）.Compared with the model group,the number of CD105 in brain,liver,lung,spleen,kidney,heart was significantly higher,while P53,P21,p16INK4a-positive cells were significantly lower in high,medium and low-dose drug groups（P<0.05）,drug groups significantly decreased mRNA expressions of P53,P21,p16INK4a-positive cells in brain,liver,lung,spleen,kidney,heart（P<0.05）.Conclusion:Bushen Huayu Shengxin formula combined with intravenous injection of BMSCs may delay the aging of BMSCs by effecting the expressions of key genes p16INK4a,p53,p21 on the pathways of p16INK4a/Rb and p53/p21.It shows that traditional Chinese medicine combined with intravenous BMSCs on delaying aging of human body is feasible.关键词：Huoxue Huayu Shengxin formula;cell senescence;anti-senility;intravenous injection3|193|5更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the effect of Bushen Huayu Shengxin formula combined with intravenous injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) in delaying senescence of rat, so as to define the feasibility of traditional Chinese medicine combined with intravenous BMSCs in delaying aging of human body. Method: Totally 75 SD rats were randomly divided into high, medium and low-dose drug groups, the control group,the model group, with 12 rats in each group. The rats received a subcutaneous injection of D-galactose solution with the dose of 125 mg·kg-1·d-1, once a day, for 45 d to establish rat aging models. The drug groups were administered with the Bushen Huayu Shengxin formula in 27.28,13.64,6.82 g·kg-1 respectively in the morning and evening for 45 d (high-dose group, mid-dose group and low-dose group). The model group was administered with normal saline, and the control group was not given any drug. At the same time, every rat was injected with 3.0×106/mL BMSCs through tail vein once a week for four weeks. Immumofluorescence method was used to detect the number of CD105,P53,P21,p16INK4a-positive cells in brain, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, heart. Real-time fluorescent PCR(Real-time PCR) was used to detect the expressions of CD105,P53,P21,p16INK4a. Result: Compared with the normal group, the expression of CD105 in brain, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, heart was significantly lower, while P53,P21,p16INK4a were significantly higher in the model group(P<0.05), mRNA expressions of P53,P21,p16INK4a in brain, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, heart were significantly up-regulated(P<0.05).Compared with the model group, the number of CD105 in brain, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, heart was significantly higher, while P53,P21,p16INK4a-positive cells were significantly lower in high, medium and low-dose drug groups(P<0.05), drug groups significantly decreased mRNA expressions of P53,P21,p16INK4a-positive cells in brain, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, heart(P<0.05). Conclusion: Bushen Huayu Shengxin formula combined with intravenous injection of BMSCs may delay the aging of BMSCs by effecting the expressions of key genes p16INK4a,p53,p21 on the pathways of p16INK4a/Rb and p53/p21. It shows that traditional Chinese medicine combined with intravenous BMSCs on delaying aging of human body is feasible.关键词：Huoxue Huayu Shengxin formula;cell senescence;anti-senility;intravenous injection3|1|5更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To study the effect of 999 Ganmaoling on rat liver and compare the effect of Ganmaoling on the enzyme activity of CYP2E1 in different species of rats, mice and humans, so as to provide the experimental basis for the clinical safety reevaluation and rational use. Method: Rats were divided into two groups:blank control and Ganmaoling group, which were administrated respectively with 0.5% CMC-Na or equal volume of Ganmaoling at the dose of 4.53 g·kg-1 for oral administration. The rats were weighed after 14 d, and then treated the next day. Activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (SCr) were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. The liver, kidney and heart were collected. The ratio of tissue weight to body weight was counted. HE staining was used in the slices of liver sample, and the histopathological change in liver was observed by light microscopy. Human, rat and mouse liver microsomes were incubated respectively with different concentrations of Ganmaoling or APAP at 37℃ for 15 minutes, then chlorzoxazone, as CYP2E1 probe substrate, and nicotinamide adenosine denucleotide hydro-phosphoric acid (NADPH) were added and incubated for another 30 minutes. The content of 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone was detected by LC-MS/MS method. The inhibition rate concentration(IC50) was calculated. Result: Compared with blank control group, the liver, kidney and heart weight index, serum biochemical indicators, and liver histopathology in Ganmaoling group showed no significant change. The IC50 values of Ganmaoling for CYP2E1 in liver microsomes of human, rat and mouse were 6.516, 344.2, 932.8 mg·L-1 respectively. The IC50 values of APAP for CYP2E1 in human, rat, and mouse liver microsomes were 52.4, 453.8, 806.5 mg·L-1, respectively. Ganmaoling and APAP showed a consistent trend of inhibition of CYP2E1 in various genera. Conclusion: The order of the inhibitory activity of Ganmaoling against CYP2E1 of different species from high to low was human,mouse and rat. The difference may explain the reason that large-dose Ganmaoling has no obvious toxicity to rat liver. The results suggest that different species of animals shall be adopted in drug pre-clinical safety assessments, especially for the study of effect on liver metabolism. In clinical practice, more attention shall be paid to the interaction between compound cold medicine containing APAP and other drugs, in order to provide the basis for rational clinical drug use.关键词：999 Ganmaoling;different species;liver injury;liver microsome;CYP2E14|2|0更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the effect of Allii Fistulosi Bulbus extract on the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in rat models with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and explore its possible mechanism of action. Method: High fat feed was used to duplicate rat model of NAFLD and small interfering RNA (SiRNA) technology was used to inhibit the expression of PGC-1α. Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups including normol group, model group, fistular onion group, transfection group, blank transfection group, fistular onion transfection group. The structure of liver tissues was observed by using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining; levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) and Western blot was used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1α, PEPCK, G6Pase. Result: The model group showed obvious hepatic steatosis,increased plasma viscosity (low shear, medium shear, high shear) and whole blood viscosity to varying degrees (P<0.05,P<0.01), significantly increased serum ALT, AST, TC and TG levels (P<0.05)and significantly decreased PGC-1α, PEPCK, G6Pase mRNA and protein expression levels as compared with normal group(P<0.05). After intervention by Allii Fistulasi Bulbus extract, the fatty degeneration of the liver was significantly reduced; levels of serum ALT, AST, TC and TG were decreased(P<0.05), and PGC-1α, PEPCK and G6Pase mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased(P<0.05). In Allii Fistulasi Bulbus transfection group, even the same dose of Allii Fistulasi Bulbus extract was given, fatty degeneration of the liver was not significantly improved as compared with the model group, and no significant difference was shown in PGC-1α, PEPCK and G6Pase mRNA and protein expression levels(P<0.05). Conclusion: Allii Fistulasi Bulbus extract can improve fatty degeneration of liver in the treatment of NAFLD, and the mechanism may be associated with increasing transcription level of PGC-1α, promoting PEPCK and G6Pase expression and increasing the biosynthesis of liver mitochondria.关键词：Allii Fistulasi Bulbus extract;non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;biosynthesis of liver mitochondria;peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α(PGC-1α);phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK);glucose-6-phosphatase(G6Pase)5|1|2更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To study the effects of matrine on learning and memory function and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice model, and explore its possible mechanism of action. Method: The 72 ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups:normal control group, model group, matrine groups (high, medium, low dose) and positive control group. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 g·L-1) was injected intracerebroventricularly to establish AD mouse model, while normal control group mice were injected with the same volume of normal saline. Afterwards, matrine groups and positive control group were orally administered with different doses of matrine (40, 20, 10 mg·kg-1) and 5 mg·kg-1 donepezil respectively for 21 d, once a day; while the normal control group and model group were given with normal saline instead.The learning and memory abilities of the mice were assessed by novel object recognition (NOR) test and Y maze test. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mice hippocampus were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expression levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase subunits gp91phox and p47phox were detected by Western blot analysis. Result: As compared with the normal control group, LPS injection could remarkably reduce the novel object preference index and spontaneous alternation behavior (P<0.01), increase the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and ROS (P<0.01), and up-regulate protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p47phox (P<0.01). As compared with the model group, matrine high, middle and low doses could significantly increase the novel object preference index and spontaneous alternation behavior (P<0.05, P<0.01), reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and ROS (P<0.05, P<0.01), and down-regulate the protein expression of gp91phox and p47phox (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Matrine could relieve the impairment of learning and memory function and neuroinflammation induced by LPS injection, and these effects may be mediated through inhibition of NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p47phox expression in hippocampal tissue.关键词：matrine;Alzheimer's disease;nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase;neuroinflammation4|2|6更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the effect of Huatan Tongmai decoction on insulin receptor substrate-1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(IRS-1-PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) cross-talk in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), provide a scientific basis for demonstrating the multi-target and multi-channel action model of Chinese medicine compound, and open up new ideas for the treatment of PCOS. Method: The rats were divided into normal group, model group, positive control group (metformin hydrochloride 0.16 g·kg-1·d-1) and Huatan Tongmai decoction low (L-HTY), middle (M-HTY) and high dose (H-HTY) groups (8,16,24 g·kg-1·d-1), 8 rats in each group. Insulin (INS) combined with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was used to induce PCOS model in rats. After successful modeling, the Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) methods were used to detect the expression of IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, NF-κB p65, inhibitory kappa B(IκB) and the changes of Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in serum. Result: As compared with normal group, the protein expression levels of IRS-1, Akt, PI3K and IκB in the liver of model group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the protein expression of NF-κB p65 was increased significantly (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of IRS-1, Akt, PI3K and IκB in the liver of H-HTY group were significantly higher than those in model group (P<0.05), while the expression of NF-κB p65 was lower (P<0.05). What's more, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum of model group were significantly higher than those of normal group, and levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum of the L-HTY, M-HTY and H-HTY groups were significantly lower than those of model group (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the pathogenesis of PCOS, IRS-1-PI3K/Akt has a cross-action with the NF-κB pathway, and the Huatan Tongmai decoction has a good regulation effect on the abnormalities of the IRS-1-PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways involved.关键词：Huatan Tongmai decoction;polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS);insulin receptor substrate-1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (IRS-1-PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt);nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB);cross-talk3|1|4更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Akebia trifoliate seed ethanol extract on the proliferation and adhesion of HepG2 cells and the corresponding mechanism. Method: HepG2 hepatoma cells were treated with different concentrations(1.5,1.8,2.1,2.4,2.7, 3.0 g·L-1) of A. trifoliate seed ethanol extracts or different concentrations(0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0,32 μmol·L-1)of Integrin inhibitor Cilengitide for 24 hours. The thiazolyl blue tetrazolium method (MTT) was used to get cell viability data. Based on this data, herb group (1.8 g·L-1), Cilengitide group (1.5 μmol·L-1), and the half-dose combination group (0.9 g·L-1plus 0.75 μmol·L-1)were set. Cell-matrix adhesion capacity and related adhesion proteins were detected after intervention for 24 hours. Result: In MTT test, after treated with different drugs for 24 h, the survival rate of HepG2 hepatoma cells was 86.8% in herb extract group (1.8 g·L-1), and about 89.4% in Cilengitide group (1.5 μmol·L-1). In cell-matrix adhesion test, the rate value was (100±11.5)% in control group, (32.3±14.0)% in herb group, (33.8±5.7)% in cilengitide group and (33.4±6.4)% in combination group, with statistically significant differences between these treatment groups and control group (P<0.01). Protein expressions of calpain small subunit 1 (CAPNS1), selenoprotein P (SEPP1) and Integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2) in herb group were increased (P<0.05); in cilengitide group, protein SEPP1 was increased (P<0.05) and Integrin subunit alpha V (ITGAV) expression was decreased (P <0.01); protein expressions of CAPNS1 and SEPP1 protein were increased in the combined group (P<0.05),and protein ITGAV was decreased (P <0.05). Conclusion: The ethanol extract of A. trifoliate seed can inhibit the proliferation and adhesion of HepG2 hepatoma cells, and there are potentials of dosage reduction and synergistic effect after combined with Cilengitide. The above changes in adhesion-related protein expression may be part of the herb's action mechanism.关键词：Akebia trifoliate seed;liver cancer;HepG2;adhesion;proliferation;Cilengitide2|2|10更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the effect of total saponins in Aralia elata leaves (ETS) Toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor-κB(TLR-4/NF-κB) signal pathway and inflammatory factors in xenografts from nude mice bearing human colon cancer cells, so as to explore the tumor suppression mechanism. Method: Human colon cancer HT-29 cell line was inoculated in the right armpit of 50 nude mice, so as to es tablelish an animal model of ectopic subcutaneous tumor of human colon cancer. Then the mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 10 in each group:model group, low-dose group (37.5 mg·kg-1), medium-dose group (75 mg·kg-1), high-dose group (150 mg·kg-1), and positive control group (5-FU 20 mg·kg-1). Two days after grouping, the mice in positive control group were given ip once every two days; ETS was given to low, medium and high-dose groups, ig; model group was given equal volume of normal saline. The administration lasted for 8 weeks. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was used to detect tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin 1(IL-1); Real-time polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of gene of TLR-4 and NF-κB in tumor tissue. The effect of ETS on the morphology of HT-29 transplanted tumor of human colon cancer in nude mice were observed under optical and transmission electron microscopy. Result: Compared with model group, low, middle and high-dose ETS groups and positive control groups had different inhibitory effects on human colon cancer transplanted tumor in nude mice(P<0.01). The tumor suppressor rates were 20.14%, 32.43%, 59.56% and 63.58%, respectively. TLR-4, NF-κB significantly decreased the mRNA expressions of drug serum inflammatory factor and tumor tissues(P<0.05). Histopathology and ultramicro pathological experiments showed that the tumor tissue in each group had varying degrees of damage. Conclusion: ETS can inhibit the proliferation of tumor,and the mechanism may be associated with regulating TLR-4/NF-κB pathway and reducing inflammatory factors.关键词：total saponins in Aralia elata leaves;human colon cancer;nude mice;Toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor-κB(TLR-4/NF-κB) signal pathway2|1|1更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To explore the effect of Buyang Huanwu Tang with different doses on the expression of myeloperoxidas (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) mRNA in synovial neutrophils of the knee and ankle, as well as the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the serum and joint fluid of gouty arthritis (GA) mice. Method: The mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, the methotrexate group (0.001 5 g·kg-1), Buyang Huanwu Tang high dose group (2.5 g·kg-1), Buyang Huanwu Tang middle dose group (1.25 g·kg-1), and Buyang Huanwu Tang low dose group(0.625 g·kg-1). Rheumatoid arthritis model was induced by collagen. After continuous lavage for 28 days, pathology method was used to analyze the treatment effects in mice. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of inflammatory cytokines in serum and joint fluid; real time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) method was used to detect the mRNA expression of neutrophils marker protein MPO and NE in knee and ankle synovium. Result: As compared with normal group, joints were markedly swollen (P<0.01); joint pathological scores and inflammatory factor levels in serum and joint fluid, MPO, NE mRNA expression levels in knee and ankle joints were higher in model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). As compared with model group, joint swelling in mice was significantly relieved (P<0.05, P<0.01); joint pathological scores, inflammatory factor levels in serum and joint fluid, and MPO, NE mRNA expression levels in knee and ankle joints were obviously decreased in Buyang Huanwu Tang high dose group(P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Proper dose of Buyang Huanwu Tang may inhibit mRNA expression levels of knee and ankle synovial neutrophils marker protein MPO and NE, thus inhibiting activity of neutrophils, decreasing the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 in the serum and joint.关键词：Buyang Huanwu Tang;rheumatoid arthritis;inflammatory factors;myeloperoxidas(MPO);neutrophil elastase(NE)2|1|12更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To investigate the protective mechanism of berberine on HT22 cells induced by β-amyloid protein 25-35 (Aβ25-35) and observe its effect of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling pathway. Method: HT22 cells were cultured and different concentrations of berberine (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μmol·L-1) were incubated. After 24 h, methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to determine the protective concentration of berberine. Then HT22 cells were divided into blank group, Aβ group, berberine group and TAK 242 group. HT22 cells in blank group were treated with serum-containing media alone; HT22 cells in Aβg roup were treated with Aβ25-35 (40 μmol·L-1); while HT22 cells in berberine group and TAK 242 group were treated with berberine (20 μmol·L-1) and TAK 242 (20 μmol·L-1)r espectively for 1 h, followed by Aβ25-35 (40 μmol·L-1) treatment. After 24 h, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release test was used to measure the cell survival rate. Hoechst 33342 staining was used to determine the apoptosis rate. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of TLR4, phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Result: As compared with the blank group, 20 μmol·L-1 berberine promoted cell proliferation; 40 and 80 μmol·L-1 berberine inhibited cell proliferation (P<0.01); among them, 20 μmol·L-1 berberine group had the highest cell proliferation rate (P<0.01). As compared with the blank group, the cell survival rate was decreased in Aβ group (P<0.01) and the cell survival rates in berberine group and TAK 242 group were higher than that of the Aβ group (P<0.01). As compared with the blank group, the apoptosis rate was increased in Aβ group (P<0.01), and chromatin condensation, nuclear atrophy, and increased apoptotic bodies were observed. As compared with the Aβ group, the apoptotic rate was lower in berberine group and TAK 242 group (P<0.01), with less chromatin condensation, nuclear atrophy and apoptotic bodies. As compared with the blank group, the expression levels of TLR4, p-NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β were increased in the Aβ group (P<0.01). As compared with the Aβ group, the expression levels of TLR4, p-NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β were lower in berberine group and TAK 242 group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Berberine may protect against neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the Aβ25-35-activated TLR4/NF-κB pathway in HT22 cells.关键词：Alzheimer's disease;β-amyloid protein;berberine;apoptosis;toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) pathway2|1|4更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To assess the activity and action modes of Qingre Jiedu prescription in resisting human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) in vitro by establishing the cell model infected by HPV16 pseudovirus particles, in order to explore the mechanism of action of Qingre Jiedu prescription on transformed HeLa cell HPV. Method: Firstly, HPV16 pseudovirus particles were added to 293T/17 cells to establish an HPV pseudovirus infection model, so as to detect fluorescence intensity in vitro. Then this model was used to evaluate the effect of Qingre Jiedu prescription in resisting HPV16 infection in vitro and its dose-effect relationship of Qingre Jiedu prescription (20~1 000 g·L-1). Secondly, the HPV pseudovirus infection model was used to explore the action modes of Qingre Jiedu prescription (20 g·L-1) against HPV under such different conditions as pre-treating the cells, acting the cells simultaneously with virus and acting the cells after virus treatment. Finally, the mechanism of Qingre Jiedu prescription (3.33~20 g·L-1) was explored by Western blot. In brief, the oncogenic protein E7, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were extracted from HeLa cells HPV transformed after the action of Qingre Jiedu prescription and detected by Western blot. These proteins were compared with the corresponding protein expression levels in the blank group. Result: The results of experiment on HPV16 pseudovirus infection model showed that Qingre Jiedu prescription could significantly inhibit the infection of HPV16 pseudovirus in cells (P<0.05), in an obvious concentration-dependent manner. The action modes of Qingre Jiedu prescription in the HPV16 pseudovirus infection model in vitro showed that Qingre Jiedu prescription could protect the cells, inhibit the absorption and post-virus infection process. And the drug can significantly prevent HPV16 infection because it could protect cells from the HPV16 infection (P<0.01). These results show that Qingre Jiedu prescription could protect cells from the HPV16 infection, inhibit the absorption and post-virus infection process. In addition, Qingre Jiedu prescription could obviously inhibit the expressions of oncoprotein E7, and ERK and NF-κB protein, so as to achieve the antitumor effect(P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion: Qingre Jiedu prescription has a better effect in inhibiting HPV virus, and the HPV16 pseudovirus infection experiment provides the innovative theory basis for the application of Qingre Jiedu prescription in anti-HPV and cervical cancer therapy.关键词：Qingre Jiedu prescription;human papillomavirus(HPV);pseudovirus model;mechanism of action2|2|2更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect and safety of modified Dunfutang in treatment of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency type ankylosing spondylitis (PSYXAS),and investigate its possible mechanism. Method: A total of 209 PSYXAS patients were randomly divided into Chinese medicine group (69 cases), western medicine group (67 cases) and integrated Chinese and western medicine group (73 cases). Patients in Chinese medicine group were treated with Dunfutang; patients in western medicine group were treated with diclofenac sodium sustained release tablets; and patients in integrated Chinese and western medicine group received Dunfutang and diclofenac sodium sustained release tablets,with a treatment course of 63 d in all groups.Then the spinal pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, bath ankylosing spondylitis metroloty index (BASMI),bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI),patient global assessment (PGA), and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome scores were compared before and after treatment. The changes of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and platelet (PLT) were detected. Effective rate and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between various groups. Result: The total effective rate was 93.1% in integrated Chinese and western medicine group, significantly higher than 75.4% in Chinese medicine group and 71.6% in western medicine group (P<0.01). As compared with western medicine group, spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome scores were improved more significantly in Chinese medicine group and the Chinese and western medicine group (P<0.05). For the other clinical symptom scores, the improvement in integrated Chinese and western medicine group was more obvious than that in Chinese medicine group and western medicine group (P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Chinese medicine group and western medicine group. The incidence of adverse reactions was as follows:Chinese medicine group (1.45%, 1/69) < integrated Chinese and western medicine group (8.22%, 6/73) < western medicine group (16.42%, 11/67). Conclusion: Dunfutang and western medicine diclofenac lysine sustained release tablet have no significant difference in clinical efficacy for treatment of PSYXAS, and the incidence of adverse reactions of Dunfutang is lower than that of western medicine. In addition, Dunfutang combined with diclofenac lysine sustained release tablet has a better efficacy than diclofenac lysine sustained release tablet alone in the treatment of PSYXAS.关键词：modified Dunfutang;spleen-kidney Yang deficiency;ankylosing spondylitis;erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR);C reactive protein (CRP);tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α);platelet (PLT)2|2|1更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of modified Shaoyao Gancao Tang and morphine sulfate sustained release tablet for cancer pain with Qi and blood deficiency syndrome. Method: The 128 cases with caner pain in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 were selected as research objectives, and divided into observation group (64 cases) and control group (64 cases) randomly. Morphine sulfate sustained release tablets were given to both group for oral treatment, and modified Shaoyao Gancao Tang was additionally given to observation group. The clinical efficacy for pain relief between two groups, the changes in pain mediators[serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), endothelin-1 (ET-1), substance P (SP)] and inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6] after treatment and incidence of adverse reactions were recorded and compared. Result: After 4 weeks treatment, the overall effective rate was 90.6% in observation group, significant higher than 76.6% in control group (P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the serum levels of pain mediators (5-HT, PGE2, ET-1, SP), TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased significantly in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and IL-2 level in serum was increased significantly (P<0.05); in addition, the improvement was more obvious in observation group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 15.6% (10/64) in observation group, slightly lower than 23.4%(15/64) in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: Modified Shaoyao Gancao Tang combined with morphine sulfate sustained release tablet could significantly relieve the pain symptoms, reduce the level of peripheral pain mediators, regulate the expression of inflammatory factors with significant effect in the treatment of cancer pain with qi and blood deficiency syndrome, showing good patient tolerance.关键词：cancer pain;modified Shaoyao Gancao Tang;morphine sulfate sustained release tablet;pain mediators;inflammatory factor;Qi and blood deficiency syndrome3|2|2更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To discuss the clinical efficacy of syndrome differentiation therapy of Yushen Peiyuan decoction for endometrial hyperplasia (EH) with syndrome of kidney deficiency and blood stasis and investigate its effects on endocrine hormone levels and hemorheology. Method: One hundred and forty patients were randomly divided into control group (70 cases) and observation group (70 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group got medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for 3 menstrual cycles from the second week after curettage, 10 mg/time, 2 times/days. Based on the treatment in control group, patients in observation group additionally received syndrome differentiation therapy of Yushen Peiyuan decoction for 3 menstrual cycles, 1 dose/day, medication stopped during the menstruation. In addition, 3 months' follow-up was recorded. At the 14th-16th in menstrual cycle, endometrium thickness was detected by transvaginal ultrasound; menstrual volume scores were evaluated by pictorial blood loss assessment chart(PBAC)and scores of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were recorded before and after treatment and at the end of follow-up. Before and after treatment, levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen (E2), progesterone (P) and hemorheological indexes were detected, and endometrial biopsy was used to evaluate the endometrial reversal rate. During follow-up for 3 menstrual cycles, recurrence rate was recorded. Result: The total clinical effective rate was 95.16% in observation group, higher than 81.67% in control group (χ2=5.466, P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of endometrium thickness, PBAC and syndrome of kidney deficiency and blood stasis in observation group were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01). During follow-up period, scores of endometrium thickness, PBAC and syndrome of kidney deficiency in observation group were significantly increased in control group as compared with the data after treatment (P<0.01), but the changes in observation group showed no statistical significance; and scores of endometrium thickness, PBAC and syndrome of kidney deficiency in observation group were lower than those in control group during follow-up period (P<0.01). Level of serum P in observation group was higher and level of E2 was lower than that in control group (P<0.01). The amelioration of hemorheological indexes such as whole blood viscosity (high, low shear), plasma viscosity, platelet aggregation and fibrinogen in observation group were better than that in control group (P<0.01). Reversal rate of endometrium was 93.55% in observation group, higher than 76.67% in control group (χ2=5.407, P<0.05), and recurrence rate was 5.26% in observation group, lower than 19.57% in control group (χ2=5.058, P<0.05). Conclusion: Yushen Peiyuan decoction combined with MPA can relieve clinical symptoms in patients with EH and syndrome of kidney deficiency and blood stasis, ameliorate hemorheology, improve endometrial reversal rate, and reduce recurrence rate, with better clinical efficacy than MPA treatment alone.关键词：endometrial hyperplasia;kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome;Yushen Peiyuan decoction;Liuwei Dihuang Wan;sex hormones;hemorheology;recurrence3|2|2更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To observe the efficacy of oral administration of Heying Zhitongtang in treating femoral neck fracture patients after internal fixation with hollow screw and on bone metabolism and osteogenic factors. Method: One hundred fifty-five cases were randomly divided into control group (77 cases) and treatment group (78 cases). All cases were given internal fixation with hollow screw. Control group was orally given Sanqishangyao tablets (3 tablets/time, bid) after operation for 1 week, and then took Jiegu Qili tablet (2 tablets/time, bid) for 9 weeks. Observation group was orally administered with Heying Zhitongtang for 10 weeks. Harris was used to evaluate Hip function score at 1, 3, 6, 12 months after surgery. The incidence of complications, including delayed fracture healing, nonunion of fracture, femoral head necrosis and nail removal were recorded. Time of fracture healing and fracture healing process were recorded. Levels of lkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (BGP), BMP (BMP-2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were detected before and after treatment. Result: Clinical efficacy of observation group was superior to that of control group according to Mann-Whiteney (Z=2.347, P<0.05). Harris score of the observation group was obviously higher than that of the control group at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery (P<0.01). The hip function of the observation group was superior to that of the control group at the last follow-up according to Mann-Whiteney (Z=2.086, P<0.05). The incidence of complications of observation group was 29.87%, which was evidently lower than 46.15% in the control group (χ2=4.358, P<0.05). Fracture healing time of observation group was (14.45±3.52) weeks, which remarkably shorter than (19.23±4.97) weeks of control group (P<0.01). After treatment, levels of ALP, BGP, BMP-2, IGF-1, VEGF, TGF-β1 of observation group were remarkably higher than those of control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Modified Heying Zhitongtang can treat femoral neck fracture patients after internal fixation with hollow screw based on syndrome differentiation by promoting expressions of osteogenic factors, improving bone metabolism, promoting fracture healing and hip function recovery and reducing complications, so as to play a positive role in postoperative rehabilitation.关键词：femoral neck fracture;internal fixation with hollow screw;Heying Zhitongtang;stage;treatment based on syndrome differentiation;bone metabolism;osteogenic facto2|2|1更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Knee osteoarthritis is related to age, obesity, inflammation, trauma, and genetic factors, involving multiple signaling pathways in the process of occurrence and development. However, its specific pathogenesis is unknown. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment could improve the symptoms and delay the disease development in patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, due to lack of standard and unified syndrome differentiation name, there are many treatment methods with different focus for each. In this paper, the pathogenesis characteristics of "deficiency, stagnation and toxin" were proposed for knee osteoarthritis by considering the research progress and pathogenesis characteristics. The knee joint gets no normal support because of deficient of spleen, liver and kidney, leading to insufficient muscles, weak physique, innutritious marrow, flaccid pulp and bone. "arthralgia caused by deficiency"; in case of deficiency of qi and blood, blood stasis, internal accumulation of phlegm, injury, or long-term chronic fatigue. "arthralgia caused by stagnation", in case of exogenous evil, such as wind, coldness, dampness, as well as lack of Qi, i.e. "arthralgia caused by toxin". Meanwhile, deficiency, stagnation and toxin could influence each other. For example, deficient of viscera could lead to blood stasis and aggravated toxin. "stagnation caused by deficiency and toxin",loss of vital Qi and blood stasis could produce endogenetic toxins." toxin caused by deficiency and stagnation",exogenous evil, endogenetic toxins and obstructed bones and muscles could lead to deficiency of spleen, liver and kidney. "toxin caused by deficiency and stagnation". Therefore, deficiency, stagnation and toxin are closely related to each other, and co-exist with the occurrence, development of knee osteoarthritis. It is important to understand the pathogenesis characteristics of "deficiency, stagnation and toxin" in knee osteoarthritis during pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine, selection of clinical medication, prognosis and rehabilitation.关键词：knee osteoarthritis;pathogenesis;deficiency;stagnate;toxin3|2|12更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To introduce the preparation process,status,prospect,and main management procedures of China certified reference materials (CRMs) from natural products,and lay foundation for the development of China CRMs. Method: The development process and management procedure of China CRMs from natural products were described in detail. The present situation of development was collected and analyzed. The problems in the development process were summarized and the development trend was prospected. Result: The preparation process of China CRMs from natural products mainly involved sources and preparation,physical and chemical properties and qualitative analysis,purity analysis,establishment of analytical methods,storage and packaging,homogeneity test,stability test,quantitative determination,and preparation of declaration materials. In order to strengthen the development of China CRMs from natural products,it was proposed to distinguish the concept of CRMs clearly and to understand the relationships between stability and accelerated stability, as well as the direction of monomer and non-monomer from natural products. The problems and prospects in the preparation process were presented, and the management procedure during the development of China CRMs from natural products was disclosed for the first time. Conclusion: The China CRMs from natural products is a national material standard and has important significance to promote and control the standard and quality of Chinese materia medica and realize both industrialization and modernization of Chinese materia medica.关键词：China certified reference materials (CRMs);natural products;preparation process;status;prospect2|2|1更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Objective: To assess the risks of heavy metals in ready-to-use traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prepackaged products in Chengdu market. Method: The 78 batches of ready-to-use TCM prepackaged products were purchased from urban pharmacies, including 25 batches of Notoginseng Radix powder, 21 batches of Gastrodiae Rhizoma powder, 16 batches of Ganoderma powder and another 16 batches of Ganoderma Spore powder. The contents of heavy metals Pb,Cd,Hg,As and Cu were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results were compared with the relevant limited values in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition); the internationally accepted target hazard quotients (THQs) and hazard index (HI) were adopted to evaluate the non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals. Result: The over-standard rate was Pb(4.0%),Cd(76.0%) and As(20.0%) for Notoginseng Radix powder; Cd (23.8%) for Gastrodiae Rhizoma powder; Cd (62.5%) for Ganoderma powder; and Cd (18.8%) for Ganoderma Spore powder according to the limit standard of the Chinese Pharmacopeia 2015 (ChP2015). The results showed that the contents of Cd exceeded the standard in all 4 samples, while Hg and Cu did not exceed the standard limits. According to the recommended upper or lower limits for the daily intake, As intake risk was found in 4%-20% of the Notoginseng Radix powder (THQAs>1); and element comprehensive intake risk was found in 12%-32% of Notoginseng Radix powder (HI>1). The THQ values and HI values for Gastrodiae Rhizoma powder,Ganoderma powder and Ganoderma Spore powder were all less than 1, showing no intake risks. Conclusion: The current heavy metal standards in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 are not suitable for ready-to-use TCM, so more reasonable standards shall be further discussed.关键词：ready-to-use TCM;Notoginseng Radix powder;Gastrodiae Rhizoma powder;Ganoderma powder;Ganoderma Spore powder;heavy metal;health risk assessment3|2|5更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：Prepared Rhei Radix et Rhizoma attenuated purgative activity and enhanced blood circulation.It was widely used in medical department,surgical department,department of pediatrics,department of obstetrics and gynecology,emergency departments and infectious diseases department.It was suitable for elderly patients with body deficiency,infants and young children,pregnant women or patients with chronic diseases,and it had valuable clinical application value.However,the quality of prepared Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in the market is uneven due to unclear processing parameters and quality control markers in the processing process,thus affecting the clinical efficacy.By referring to the related literature and books in recent years,this paper summarized the processing history,modern processing technology,pharmacodynamic material research,pharmacodynamic effect and clinical application of prepared Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,in order to provide theoretical reference for subsequent processing of this decoctiong pieces.关键词：prepared Rhei Radix et Rhizoma;processing;pharmacological action;chemical composition;clinical application;material basis9|2|4更新时间：2024-09-23
- 摘要：With the functions of promoting blood circulation and dispelling blood stasis, Blood-activating and Stasis-removing Chinese Medicine has been widely used for treatment of blood stasis syndrome in clinical application.Traditional Chinese medicine can fully modulate the body's prevention function for diseases, and play a multi-angle, multi-level, and multi-target comprehensive regulatory ability to achieve therapeutic effect by acting on different tissues and organs. At present, there are many related studies on blood stasis syndrome, but they mainly focus on efficacy observation and prescription summary, lacking in-depth study and summary of the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). TCM treatment for diseases attaches importance on the overall concept, but because of its complex chemical compositions, diverse forms of the formula, complex mechanism of action, and numerous interference factors, the interaction between multiple links and multiple targets of drugs and diseases is not understood thoroughly. In recent years, TCM has accumulated rich clinical practice experience in the application of blood-activating and stasis-removing Chinese Medicine, and has elucidated the molecular mechanism of blood stasis syndrome from overall concept, organs, cells, and molecules. In order to clarify the ways and targets of blood-activating and stasis-removing Chinese medicine, this article reviewed the relevant molecular mechanisms of blood-activating and stasis-removing Chinese medicine for treatment of blood stasis syndrome by systematically reviewing and summarizing the relevant molecular data at home and abroad. Its molecular mechanism was investigated from hemodynamics, hemorheology, anti-thrombosis, microcirculatory disorders, vascular endothelial injury, anti-inflammatory response and other aspects, providing reference and basis for Chinese medicine treatment for blood stasis syndrome as well as its further development and utilization.关键词：blood-activating and stasis-removing Chinese medicine;stasis syndrome;molecular mechanism;review6|2|19更新时间：2024-09-23
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