最新刊期
- “在复发性自然流产治疗领域，研究者系统比较了中医补肾安胎与健脾安胎两大治法的细胞谱系及通信网络调控差异，为中医药治疗提供了精准深入的科学依据。”摘要：ObjectiveTo systematically compare the differential regulation of the maternal-fetal interface cell lineages and communication networks in the CBA/J×DBA/2 mouse model of recurrent pregnancy Loss （RPL） by the two classic therapeutic methods-tonifying the kidney to stabilize the fetus and invigorating the spleen to stabilize the fetus （Shoutai pills， Juyuan decoction）-of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） at the single-cell resolution and clarify their modern scientific connotations.MethodsFemale non-pregnant CBA/J mice were caged with male BALB/c （blank group） and DBA/2 （modeling group） mice separately. Pregnant mice in the modeling group were randomly grouped as follows： high/low-dose Shoutai pills， high/low-dose Juyuan decoction， model （RPL）， and positive control （dydrogesterone）， with 10 mice in each group. Starting from the day after the detection of the vaginal plug， mice were administrated with drugs or an equal volume of normal saline by gavage for 10 consecutive days. After the intervention， the following indicators were measured. ① Macroscopic evaluation： general conditions， uterine wet weight， embryo loss rate， four coagulation parameters ［prothrombin time （PT）， activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）， fibrinogen （FIB）， and thrombin time （TT）］， and peripheral blood estradiol （E2） and progesterone （Pg） levels. The decidua with embryos was stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， angiotensin 2 （Ang2）， matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， leukemia inhibitory factor （LIF）， CXC chemokine ligand 12 （CXCL12）， and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 homolog （LC3 Ⅰ/Ⅱ） was quantified by Western blot. ② Mechanism analysis at the single-cell level： The decidua with embryos from the blank， model， high-dose Shoutai pills， and high-dose Juyuan decoction groups （6 mice per group， with 3 single-cell samples per group， totaling 24 mice） were analyzed by the BD Rhapsody™ platform， and the whole-cell atlas was drawn by uniform manifold approximation and projection （UMAP） dimensionality reduction clustering combined with the single-cell mouse cell atlas （scMCA）. The differentially expressed genes （DEGs） and cell interaction networks were analyzed via Gene Ontology （GO）， Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG）， and CellChat， and the protein-protein interaction （PPI） map of subtype cells was constructed. The CytoTRACE pseudo-temporal analysis was performed to explore the developmental trajectories of core immune cells （natural killer cells， NK cells） from maternal and fetal sources.Results① Pathological and Western blot results indicated that compared with the blank group， the RPL group showed an increase in the embryo loss rate （P<0.01）， down-regulated expression of Bcl-2， LIF， MMP-2， and Vegf in the decidua with embryos （P<0.05）， up-regulated protein levels of CXCL-12， Ang2， and IL-6 （P<0.05）， blocked angiogenesis， apoptosis-inflammation imbalance， and coagulation dysfunction. Both prescriptions dose-dependently reduced the abortion rate and restored the angiogenesis-inflammation balance， and Shoutai pills showed superior performance in restoring the E2 level to the Pg level （P<0.05）. ② Single-cell transcriptome analysis indicated that compared with the blank group， the RPL group showed differences in multiple key cell populations such as decidual cells， trophoblast cells， endothelial cells， erythroblasts， NK cells， and macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface. Immunity and angiogenesis were the key links in RPL. Compared with the RPL group， high-dose Shoutai pills reversed the changes of NK cells in the embryonic layer （upregulating the mRNA levels of 17 genes and downregulating the mRNA levels of 29 genes） and macrophages （upregulating the mRNA levels of 117 genes and downregulating the mRNA levels of 53 genes） through the regulation of gene expression. High-dose Shoutai pills regulated the immune cells to affect unfolded proteins， cell adhesion， and programmed cell death， thereby promoting decidualization and angiogenesis and modulating embryo-membrane development. High-dose Juyuan decoction regulated the key subgroups of NK cells （up-regulating the mRNA levels of 9 genes and down-regulating the mRNA levels of 17 genes） and macrophages （up-regulating the mRNA levels of 110 genes and down-regulating the mRNA levels of 81 genes）， which affected decidual inflammation and apoptosis and intervened in glycolysis. ③ The pseudo-temporal analysis and communication network indicated that the communication frequency of the RPL group decreased. High-dose Shoutai pills restored maternal-fetal tolerance through pathways such as NKG2D， CDH5， GDF， and FASLG. High-dose Juyuan decoction enhanced the IL-6/LIFR/JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） and desmosome/SEMA6/tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis （TWEAK） signaling to improve endometrial receptivity. The RPL group showed an increased proportion of toxic dNK7， a decreased proportion of reparative dNK4， and blocked embryo fNK1. High-dose Shoutai pills down-regulated dNK7 and up-regulated dNK4. High-dose Juyuan decoction inhibited the terminal differentiation of dNK7 and up-regulated LILRB1， thus restoring the balance of cytotoxicity and repair.ConclusionBoth the kidney-tonifying and spleen-invigorating methods are effective in treating RPL. NK and macrophages are the key immune cells in the interaction between the embryo and the membrane. The kidney-tonifying method （Shoutai pills） has an advantage in regulating the phenotypes of unfolded protein， cell adhesion， and programmed cell death， and shows expression characteristics closer to the physiological state in the regulation of NKG2D and CDH5 signals. The spleen-invigorating method （Juyuan decoction） has an advantage in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）， angiogenesis， and glycolysis and shows higher communication intensity in the IL-6 and LIFR pathways. The above results provide precise， in-depth， and detailed guidance for the TCM treatment of RPL at the subtype level.关键词：recurrent pregnancy loss;single-cell sequencing;CBA/J×DBA/2 co-caging;Shoutai pills;Juyuan decoction14|2|0更新时间：2025-12-04
- “最新研究发现，归黄方能有效抑制NLRP3炎症小体激活，降低细胞焦亡，为治疗Ⅲ型前列腺炎提供新途径。”摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the mechanism of Guihuang formula in regulating the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome and inhibiting pyroptosis in the treatment of type Ⅲ prostatitis.Methods（1） In an animal experiment， 50 Sprague Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， and low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the blank group， the type Ⅲ prostatitis rat model was prepared for the other four groups.After the modeling was successful， the blank group and the model group were given normal saline intragastrically， and the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula were given intragastrically with Guihuang formula （4.9， 9.8， 19.6 g·kg-1）. After 30 days of intragastrical administration， samples were taken for detection. Inflammatory cell infiltration in prostate tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Serum malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） levels were determined by biochemistry. NLRP3 expression in prostate tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry， and the expression of NLRP3， cysteine-aspartic acid protease （Caspase-1）， and gasdermin D （GSDMD） in prostate tissue was measured by Western blot. （2） In a cell experiment， human normal prostate epithelial cells （RWPE-1 cells） were divided into a blank group， a model group， a Guihuang formula group， and an NLRP3 inhibitor group （MCC950 group）. Except for the blank group， the other three groups were stimulated by 100 μg·L-1 lipopolysaccharide （LPS） for 4 h and 5 mol·L-1 adenosine triphosphate （ATP） for 30 min to prepare the pyroptosis model. After successful modeling， blank serum was given to the blank group and the model group. 6.25 μg·mL-1 Guihuang formula drug-containing serum was added to the Guihuang formula group， and MCC950 was added to the MCC950 group on the basis of the model group. Propidium iodide （PI） uptake and Caspase-1 expression were detected by flow cytometry， and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） level in the cell supernatant was measured by biochemistry. Interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-18 levels of the cell supernatant were determined by ELISA， and the expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD was detected in Western blot.Results（1） For the animal experiment， compared with the blank group， the model group showed significant infiltration of inflammatory cells in prostate tissue， while the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula showed reduced infiltration of acinar inflammatory cells， reduced degree of glandular epithelial degeneration and interstitial edema， and significantly reduced degree of damage. Compared with those in the blank group， the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the serum of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula showed a significant decrease in serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the blank group， the serum MDA level in the model group significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the model group， the MDA level in the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula was significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the blank group， the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the serum of the model group significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula showed a significantly increase in SOD （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula showed a significantly increase in GSH-Px （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemistry showed that compared with the blank group， the model group had high expression of NLRP3 molecule in prostate tissue. The expression of NLRP3 in the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula was significantly lower than that in the model group. Compared with those in the blank group， the expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD proteins in the prostate tissue of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD proteins in the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula were significantly inhibited （P<0.01）. （2） For the cell experiment， compared with that in the blank group， the PI uptake rate of RWPE-1 cells in the model group significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the model group， the PI uptake rate of the Guihuang formula group and the inhibitor group significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the blank group， the expression of Caspase-1 in the model group was significantly higher （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the model group， the Caspase-1 in the Guihuang formula group and the inhibitor group significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed an increase in LDH release （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Guihuang formula group and the inhibitor group showed a significantly decrease in LDH release （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the blank group， the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Guihuang formula group and the inhibitor group showed a significantly decrease in the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the blank group， the expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD proteins significantly increased in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the protein expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD were significantly reduced in the Guihuang formula group and inhibitor group （P<0.01）.ConclusionGuihuang formula can inhibit the activation of Caspase-1， prevent GSDMD cleavation and lysis， and inhibit cell pyrodeath in the treatment of type III prostatitis by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.关键词：chronic prostatitis;Guihuang formula;NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome;pyroptosis;programmed cell death16|1|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “最新研究发现，肺岩宁颗粒能诱导肺癌细胞铁死亡，可能通过抑制Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4信号通路发挥作用。”摘要：ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the effect of Feiyanning granule on ferroptosis in lung cancer cells and its regulatory function within the nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/mouse solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）/glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） signaling pathway.MethodsThe cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method was used to detect the effect of Feiyanning granule on the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells. A549 lung cancer cells were categorized into a blank group， a ferroptosis inhibitor-1 （Fer-1） group （10 μmol·L-1）， a Feiyanning Granule （600 mg·L-1） group， and a Feiyanning Granule + Fer-1 group. After 48 hours of intervention， the activity and morphology of the cells were observed. The CCK-8 method was employed to measure cell viability. Biochemical assays were carried out to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione （GSH）， and ferrous ions （Fe²⁺） in A549 cells. Western blotting was utilized to evaluate the expression levels of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 proteins. A549 lung cancer cells were categorized into a blank group and a Feiyanning Granule group （600 mg·L-1）， and mitochondrial morphology was examined via transmission electron microscopy （TEM）.ResultsAfter the intervention of Feiyaning Granule， the proliferation of A549 cells was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner compared with that in the blank group （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the Feiyanning Granule group exerted an significantly inhibitory effect on the viability of lung cancer cells （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the Feiyanning Granule group， the cell viability in the Feiyanning Granule +Fer-1 group was obviously restored （P<0.05）. Compared with the blank group， the Feiyanning Granule group showed a significant increase in the levels of ROS， MDA， and Fe²⁺ （P<0.01）， a significant decrease in the GSH level （P<0.01）， and facilitated ferroptosis. Compared with the blank group， the Feiyanning Granule group showed significantly decreased expression of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 proteins and enhanced expression of Keap1 （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the Feiyanning Granule group， the protein levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 increased significantly （P<0.01）， and the expression of Keap1 decreased significantly in the Feiyanning Granule + Fer-1 group （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the Feiyaning Granule group exhibited reduced mitochondrial size and increased matrix electron density.ConclusionFeiyanning Granule can induce ferroptosis in lung cancer cells， and its underlying mechanism might be associated with the inhibition of the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.关键词：Feiyanning granule;lung cancer;ferroptosis;nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/mouse solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）/glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） signal pathway;traditional Chinese medicine7|8|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “在癌症恶病质研究领域，专家通过黄芪建中汤调控巨噬细胞极化，抑制小鼠脂肪消耗，为治疗癌症恶病质提供新方案。”摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Huangqi Jianzhongtang （HQJZ） on macrophage polarization and fat consumption in cancer cachexia （CC） mice.MethodsUltra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole/electrostatic field Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS） was used to control the quality of HQJZ. （1） In vitro experiment： HQJZ-containing serum was prepared， and the optimal concentration was determined by cytotoxicity assay. Mouse monocyte-derived macrophages （RAW264.7） were cultured and randomly divided into six groups， including a blank group， a classically activated macrophages （M1） group， an alternatively activated macrophages （M2） group， a HQJZ + blank group， a HQJZ + M1 group， and a HQJZ + M2 group. The relative expression of macrophage marker genes CD86， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， CD206， and arginase-1 （Arg1） was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR ）. （2） In vivo experiment： Thirty-two BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a control group， a model group， a medroxyprogesterone acetate （MPA） group， and a HQJZ group. Except for the control group， the other mice were injected with CT-26 colon cancer cells to establish a CC model. Mice in the MPA and HQJZ groups were given MPA （0.13 g·kg-1·d-1） or HQJZ （13.13 g·kg-1·d-1） by gavage， respectively， while mice in the control and model groups were given an equal volume of saline by gavage， with interventions continued for 10 d. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of macrophage markers （iNOS， Arg1， CD86， CD206） and fat browning-related genes uncoupling protein 1 （UCP1） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） in epididymal adipose tissue. Western blot （WB） was used to detect protein expression levels of UCP1 and PPARγ. Micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） was used to measure residual fat volume， and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to assess fat browning and calculate pathological scores.ResultsIn vitro， the dominant effective concentration of HQJZ-containing serum was 12.5%. Real-time PCR results showed that， compared with the blank group， Arg1 expression decreased in the HQJZ + blank group （P<0.05）， CD206 showed a downward trend without statistical significance， while iNOS and CD86 expression were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the M1 group， Arg1 and CD206 expression decreased in the HQJZ + M1 group （P<0.05）. Compared with the M2 group， CD206 expression decreased in the HQJZ + M2 group （P<0.05）， CD86 expression increased significantly （P<0.01）. In vivo， Real-time PCR results showed that， compared with the control group， CD86 and CD206 expression levels were significantly increased in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， CD206 expression in the MPA group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. In the HQJZ group， CD206 was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. WB results showed that， compared with the model group， protein expression of UCP1 and PPARγ was significantly reduced in the HQJZ group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. micro-CT results showed that the total white fat volume in the HQJZ group was greater than that in the model group （P<0.05）. HE staining results showed that pathological scores in the HQJZ group were lower than those in the model group （P<0.05）.ConclusionHQJZ may inhibit white adipose tissue browning by promoting macrophage M1 polarization and suppressing M2 polarization， thereby delaying fat consumption in CC mice.关键词：Huangqi Jianzhongtang;cancer cachexia;macrophage polarization;white adipose tissue;fat browning57|22|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “最新研究发现，中药通过调节JAK/STAT信号通路，有效干预类风湿关节炎，为治疗提供新思路。”摘要：Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is a common chronic systemic autoimmune disease with synovitis as the main manifestation， which often causes joint swelling and pain or even deformity. It is considered to be an incurable lifelong disease. Although the current Western medicine treatment can alleviate the progression of the disease， it has the clinical limitations of liver injury， cardiovascular complications， and other adverse reactions， along with easy recurrence. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history and has the advantages of individualized treatment and fewer adverse reactions. It can effectively relieve the symptoms of joint swelling and pain in RA patients and slow down the progression of bone destruction， which has attracted wide concern in the medical community. Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） signaling pathway is an important intracellular pathway involved in cell proliferation， differentiation， apoptosis， immune regulation， and other biological behaviors， and plays an important role in the pathophysiological process of RA. In recent years， many studies have confirmed that TCM monomers and compounds can inhibit inflammation and angiogenesis by regulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway， induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes （FLS）， regulate immune response， and thus exert an effect in the treatment of RA. However， there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic induction and overview. Therefore， by searching the relevant literature in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and PubMed databases from 2009 to 2024， this study described the mechanism of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of RA and summarized the research progress of TCM monomers and compounds in regulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in RA intervention. The study aims to provide new ideas and strategies for the clinical treatment of RA with TCM and the research and development of new drugs.关键词：Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT）;rheumatoid arthritis;traditional Chinese medicine monomer;traditional Chinese medicine compound;mechanism of action8|11|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “最新研究基于中医原创思维，重新审视肺部肿瘤疾病，提出肺癌发生的核心病机，创新性地运用至肺癌治疗中，为中医肿瘤诊疗提供新研究方向。”摘要：Lung cancer still ranks first among malignant tumors in the world and China. Although surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and other treatments can delay patients' lives， thorny problems remain to be solved， such as adverse reactions after intervention， patient resistance to treatment， and the economic burden of treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） featuring a holistic view advocates macro interventions throughout the entire disease cycle， which has the advantages of reducing toxicity， improving efficiency， and enhancing patients' quality of life. The theory of ''sensation and response'' was first recorded in the book of I-Ching. This is the natural law of mutual induction， influence， and interaction among all things in nature. According to the theory of ''Qi monism'' and the proposal of regulating Qi movement and removing toxin by Professor Hua Baojin， we re-examine lung cancer from the primitive thinking in TCM and explain the relevance of Qi movement changes to the occurrence， progression， and treatment of lung cancer. The core pathogeneses of lung cancer are the deficiency of healthy Qi and invasion of deficiency pathogen resulting in the formation of cancer and the internal generation of cancer toxin leading to intermediate dysfunction. Six excesses and Yin pathogen invade and gradually accumulate in the lung and spleen， leading to the generation of cancer toxin， which eventually evolve into lung cancer. The treatment can be based on the theories of five elements and visceral manifestation from three aspects. First， on the basis of syndrome differentiation， medicinal materials of different flavors can be used. Specifically， pungent medicinal materials can be used for dredging and sweet medicinal materials can be used for tonifying. Second， medicinal materials with similar morphology or origin to that in the human body can be used for treating the diseases in corresponding sites. Finally， corrigent medicinal materials can be combined for two-way regulation. These measures can be applied in lung cancer treatment to optimize the prevention and treatment strategies and provide new research directions for TCM diagnosis and treatment of tumors.关键词：lung cancer;regulating Qi movement and removing toxin;sensation and response;Qi movement;traditional Chinese medicine5|7|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “据最新研究，桂枝茯苓丸在治疗子宫肌瘤方面显示出显著疗效，为临床治疗提供新思路。”摘要：Uterine fibroids are a common benign tumor of the female reproductive system， characterized by increased menstrual flow， lower abdominal pain， and prolonged menstrual periods. Modern medicine believes that the onset of this disease is related to genetic factors， environmental factors， hormone levels， etc.， while the specific mechanism remains unclear， and the prevention and treatment of uterine fibroids has become a hot topic of concern for many experts and scholars in the medical field. At present， the treatment of uterine fibroids in clinical practice is mainly based on hormone drugs and uterine artery embolization， and severe cases require hysterectomy. However， the use of hormone drugs for treatment has serious side effects and is prone to recurrence after surgery. Since hysterectomy can cause severe harm to women， it is necessary to explore safer and more effective treatment methods. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has rich clinical experience in the treatment of uterine fibroids， advocating for syndrome differentiation and treatment. The TCM methods that regulate Qi and blood and balance Yin and Yang have been commonly adopted， with significant efficacy and minimal side effects， being more conducive to the recovery. Guizhi Fuling Pills are first recorded in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber written by the famous medical expert ZHANG Zhongjing during the Eastern Han Dynasty. This prescription has the effects of activating blood， resolving stasis， and eliminating mass， and it is thus mainly used for treating abdominal mass in women. In recent years， Guizhi Fuling pills has also been applied in the clinical treatment of tumors and has demonstrated definite efficacy in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Studies have shown that the therapeutic mechanisms of Guizhi Fuling Pills for uterine fibroids involve regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis， improving immune function， reducing inflammation， improving hemorheological indicators， inhibiting tumor angiogenesis， and regulating sex hormone levels. This article mainly reviews the treatment of uterine fibroids with Guizhi Fuling pills from three aspects： theoretical basis， clinical application， and pharmacological mechanism. It is expected to provide scientific research ideas and guidance for exploring the clinical treatment of uterine fibroids.关键词：uterine fibroids;Guizhi Fuling pills;abdominal mass;clinical application;mechanism of action8|8|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “最新研究进展显示，专家采用多因素复合造模法成功构建气虚痰湿型小鼠模型，为相关研究提供新方向。”摘要：ObjectiveQi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome is a common type of clinical traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome. However， there is no standard， scientific， and accurate report on the construction of animal models of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome. This study aims to construct a mouse model of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome by using a multi-factor composite modeling method and to evaluate the model.MethodsTwenty-one C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups with seven mice in each group， which were the normal group， model group， and Shenling Baizhusan （SLBZ） group. The control group was fed with ordinary diet and kept in a normal environment. The model group and SLBZ group were fed with a high-fat diet in a high-humidity environment. Swimming with heavy weights until exhaustion and gavage with cold water or lard were used to establish the mouse model of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome. In order to test the syndrome by prescription， mice in the SLBZ group were treated with SLBZ for 14 days after model construction. The exhaustive swimming time， body weight， serum lipid levels， tongue changes， "Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness" assessment scale score， and cecal index of mice in each group were measured. The feces of each group of mice were sent for metagenomics and metabolome sequencing， and the changes in intestinal flora and metabolites were analyzed.ResultsAfter the modeling of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome， the exhaustive swimming time of mice was obviously shortened （P<0.01）. The serum total cholesterol， low density lipoprotein cholesterol， and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol of mice were significantly increased （all P<0.01）. The tongue of mice was significantly different from that of the normal group， and the score of the assessment scale was significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.01）. Cecal index decreased significantly （P<0.01）. The serum lipid level， tongue image， assessment scale score， and cecal index were reversed in the SLBZ group. Metagenomic and metabolome sequencing results showed that intestinal flora and fecal metabolites were significantly changed in mice with Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome. Akkermansia_muciniphila， Faecalibaculum_rodentium， Eubacterium_plexicaudatum， Eubacterium sp 14_2， Candida glabrata， Romboutsia_ilealis， Turicibacter sp TS3， and other bacteria had significant changes， and the expressions of intestinal metabolites such as chenodeoxycholic acid， choline， L-phenylalanine betaine， and 2-phenylbutyric acid were significantly changed. Related metabolic pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism， primary bile acid biosynthesis， lysine degradation， arginine biosynthesis， and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were affected.ConclusionThe Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness model of mice can be constructed by the multi-factor composite modeling method of high-fat diet feeding， high-humidity environment feeding， exhaustive swimming with heavy weight， and intragastric administration with cold water or lard. The blood lipid level， tongue change， score of "Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness assessment scale"， cecal index， and changes in related intestinal flora and metabolites of mice can be used as key indicators for model evaluation.关键词：Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome;mouse model;multi-factor composite molding;intestinal flora;metabolism8|3|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “最新研究发现，中医药通过调节炎症反应，能有效控制糖尿病心肌病的发生和发展。”摘要：Diabetic cardiomyopathy （DCM） is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and is a major threat to global health. As a key mechanism in the occurrence and progression of DCM， the inflammatory response persists throughout the entire course of the DCM. The Gaozhuo theory suggests that the basic pathogenesis of inflammatory injury in DCM is the Qi deficiency of spleen and kidney and Gaozhuo invasion， and divides the pathological process into three phases： Gaozhuo invasion， turbid heat damage to the channels， and turbid blood stasis and heat junction. Among them， the Qi deficiency of spleen and kidney and the endogenous formation of Gaozhuo represent the process of inflammatory factor formation induced by glucose metabolism disorders. Turbid heat damage to the channels refers to the process of myocardial inflammatory injury mediated by inflammatory factors， and turbid blood stasis and heat junction are the process of myocardial injury developing toward myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling. As the disease continues to progress， it eventually develops into a depletion of the heart Yang， leading to the ultimate regression of heart failure. According to the theory of Gaozhuo， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） should regulate inflammatory injury in DCM by strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney to address the root cause， and resolving dampness and lowering turbidity to treat the symptoms. If the turbidity has been stored for a long time and turns into heat， strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney， and clearing heat and resolving turbidity should be the therapy. If the turbidity， stasis， and heat are knotted in the heart and collaterals， strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney， and resolving stasis and lowering turbidity should be the therapy. TCM compounds and monomers can regulate the inflammatory response in DCM. TCM compounds can be divided into the categories for benefiting Qi to resolve turbidity， benefiting Qi and clearing heat to resolve turbidity， and benefiting Qi and activating blood to reduce turbidity. The compounds can inhibit upstream signals of inflammation and expression of inflammatory factors， improve the inflammatory damage to myocardium and blood vessels， myocardial fibrosis， and cardiac systole and diastole， and thus slow down the onset and progression of DCM.关键词：diabetic cardiomyopathy;inflammatory response;Gaozhuo;traditional Chinese medicine5|7|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “在糖尿病视网膜病变领域，专家基于“膏浊”理论，提出了微循环障碍的病机演变和治疗策略，为防治DR提供了新思路。”摘要：Retinal microcirculatory disorder is a key factor in the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy （DR）， and also an important link in the prevention and treatment of DR. The theory of "Gaozhuo" holds that the microcirculatory disorder in DR is based on the deficiency of spleen Qi and is characterized by the obstruction caused by "Gaozhuo" and blood stasis. The deficiency of spleen Qi is an essential precondition for the endogenous formation and accumulation of Gaozhuo， while Gaozhuo invasion is the direct cause of microcirculatory disorders in DR. The deficiency of spleen Qi and the endogenous formation of Gaozhuo mean the process in which glucose metabolism dysfunction induces an excessive production of inflammatory factors and lipid metabolites. The obstruction caused by "Gaozhuo" and blood stasis is the direct pathogenesis of microcirculatory disorders in DR， encompassing two stages： Gaozhuo obstruction and turbidity and stasis stagnation. Gaozhuo obstruction and turbidity and stasis stagnation represent the process in which inflammatory factors and lipid metabolites damage the retinal microcirculation and induce thrombosis， thus mediating microcirculatory disorders. Turbidity and stasis stagnation and blood extravasation outside the vessels reveal the progression to microvascular rupture and hemorrhage resulting from the microcirculatory disorders. According to the pathogenesis evolution of the theory of "Gaozhuo"， microcirculatory disorders in DR can be divided into deficiency of spleen Qi with Gaozhuo obstruction， deficiency of spleen Qi with turbidity and stasis stagnation， and turbidity and stasis stagnation with blood extravasation outside the vessels. Clinically， treatment principles should focus on strengthening the spleen and benefiting Qi， resolving turbidity， and dispersing stasis. Different syndrome patterns should be addressed with tailored therapies， such as enhancing the spleen and benefiting Qi while regulating Qi and reducing turbidity， strengthening the spleen and benefiting Qi while resolving turbidity and dispelling stasis， and strengthening the spleen and resolving turbidity while removing stasis and stopping bleeding. Representative prescriptions include modified Wendantang， modified Buyang Huanwutang， modified Danggui Buxuetang， Zhuixue Mingmu decoction， Tangmuqing， Shengqing Jiangzhuo Tongluo Mingmu prescription， Danhong Huayu decoction， and Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue Lishui formula.关键词：Gaozhuo;diabetic retinopathy;microcirculatory disorder;fatty acid metabolism disorder;inflammatory response7|3|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “重庆吴茱萸枯萎病病原菌为藤仓镰刀菌，啶菌噁唑乳油、申嗪霉素和四霉素对其有抑制作用。”摘要：ObjectiveTo identify the pathogen species responsible for the wilt disease of Tetradium ruticarpum in Chongqing， investigate there biological characteristics， and screen effective fungicides， so as to provide a theoretical basis for disease control in production.MethodsThe pathogen was isolated via the tissue culture method. Pathogenicity was verified according to Koch's postulates. The pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. The mycelial growth rate method was used for biological characterization of the pathogen and fungicide screening..ResultsThe pathogen colonies were nearly circular with irregular edges， white， short， velvety aerial hyphae， and pale purple undersides. Macroconidia were colorless， sickle-shaped， with 3-5 septa， while microconidia were transparent， elliptical， aseptate or with 1-2 septa. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed that the pathogen clustered in the same clade as Fusarium fujikuroi with 100% support， which， combined with morphological characteristics， identified the pathogen causing wilt of T. ruticarpum in Chongqing as F. fujikuroi. The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth of F. fujikuroi were mung bean agar （MBA） with glucose as the carbon source， beef extract and yeast powder as nitrogen sources， 28 ℃， pH 7.0， and alternating light/dark conditions. The optimal conditions for sporulation were potato dextrose agar （PDA） with glucose as the carbon source， beef extract as the nitrogen source， 28 ℃， pH 7.0， and complete darkness. Among chemical fungicides， phenazine-1-carboxylic acid exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on F. fujikuroi. Shenqinmycin and tetramycin were the most effective bio-fungicides.ConclusionThis study is the first to report F. fujikuroi as the causal agent of wilt disease in T. rutaecarpa. The chemical fungicide phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and the bio-fungicides shenqinmycin and tetramycin showed strong inhibitory effects against F. fujikuroi.关键词：Tetradium ruticarpum;Fusarium fujikuroi;wilt;biological characteristics;fungicide screening5|3|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “最新研究发现，非酒精性脂肪肝病与2型糖尿病关系密切，肝星状细胞活化是关键。中医“膏浊”理论揭示了其病机本质，为治疗提供新思路。”摘要：Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）， and hepatic stellate cell （HSC） activation is the key link in the progression of NAFLD to liver fibrosis. According to the theory of "Gaozhuo"， spleen deficiency and Qi stagnation， along with Gaozhuo invasion， are the causes of NAFLD progression to liver fibrosis， which reveals the pathogenesis essence of HSC activation in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Among them， spleen deficiency and Qi stagnation are the root causes of the endogenous formation of Gaozhuo. Spleen deficiency indicates the insulin sensitivity decrease and glucose metabolism disorders， and Qi stagnation means the dysregulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism， which creates the preconditions for HSC activation. Gaozhuo invasion is the direct cause of HSC activation， including three stages： Internal retention of Gaozhuo， turbidity and stasis stagnation， and toxic stasis and consolidation. Internal retention of Gaozhuo refers to the abnormal metabolism and deposition of hepatic lipids， as well as the microcirculatory disorders. Turbidity and stasis stagnation is the process by which lipotoxicity stimulates the transformation of HSC into myofibroblast （MFB）， and toxic stasis and consolidation represent the secretion of a large amount of extracellular matrix （ECM） by MFB to promote the fibrosis. According to the theory of Gaozhuo and the activation process of HSC， syndromes for T2DM combined with NAFLD can be classified into spleen deficiency and Qi stagnation with internal retention of Gaozhuo， spleen Qi deficiency with turbidity and stasis stagnation， and spleen Qi deficiency with toxic stasis and consolidation. Clinically， the treatment principle is to strengthen the spleen and promote Qi， resolve turbidity， and eliminate blood stasis. Both TCM compounds and monomers can effectively inhibit the HSC activation. TCM compounds can be classified into categories for regulating spleen and harmonizing liver， resolving turbidity and removing stasis， and detoxifying and removing stasis. They mainly work by improving lipid metabolism， reducing lipid accumulation in the liver， alleviating inflammatory and oxidative stress responses， inhibiting the activation and proliferation of HSC， and reducing ECM deposition， thereby delaying the progression of liver fibrosis.关键词：type 2 diabetes mellitus;non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;hepatic stellate cell;Gaozhuo;traditional Chinese medicine6|0|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “最新研究发现，中医药治疗糖尿病肾病以健脾补肾、化浊祛瘀为原则，为防治糖尿病肾病提供新方案。”摘要：Oxidative stress is a pivotal factor in the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease （DKD）， and it plays an essential role in the prevention and treatment of DKD. The "Gaozhuo" pathogenesis posits that DKD is characterized by the invasion of Gaozhuo and damage to the kidney collaterals， with the underlying cause being the insufficiency of spleen Qi and the internal formation of Gaozhuo， which provides valuable guidance on oxidative stress. The insufficiency of spleen Qi and the internal formation of Gaozhuo represent a dynamic， evolving process. Gaozhuo invades the kidney collaterals， impairs kidney Qi， and progressively leads to the congealing and stagnation of Gaozhuo and blood， ultimately resulting in the failure of both the spleen and kidneys. The damage caused by Gaozhuo to the kidney collaterals and kidney Qi is analogous to the organ and functional damage of the kidneys induced by excessive reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Damage to the kidney collaterals means organic injuries to the glomeruli， renal tubules， and renal interstitium， and the depletion of kidney Qi refers to damage to glomerular filtration and renal tubular reabsorption. The congealing and stagnation of Gaozhuo and blood in the kidney collaterals is similar to oxidative stress-induced thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and fibrosis. The interaction between spleen and kidney Qi deficiency and the congealing and stagnation of Gaozhuo and blood creates a vicious cycle that exacerbates the condition， ultimately evolving into the failure of both the spleen and kidneys. The failure of the spleen and kidneys is analogous to renal failure， and its extreme manifestation is end-stage renal disease and uremia. The treatment of oxidative stress in DKD with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is based on the principles of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidneys， and dispelling turbidity and removing blood stasis. According to the syndrome type， it is recommended to use methods such as strengthening the spleen and tonifying Qi while dispelling dampness and removing turbidity， strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidneys while dispelling dampness and removing turbidity， strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidneys while dispelling turbidity and removing blood stasis， or consolidating the spleen and kidneys while clearing away turbidity and blood stasis.关键词：diabetic kidney disease;oxidative stress;Gaozhuo;traditional Chinese medicine4|1|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “在情绪障碍调节领域，研究者通过UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术，追踪青皮醋制前后化学成分在血液与海马组织间的移行和分布特征，揭示了其抗抑郁作用的物质基础和作用途径，为青皮生品、醋制品的质量标准提升及活性药物开发提供实验依据。”摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the migration and distribution characteristics of chemical constituents of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride （CRPV） before and after vinegar processing in blood and hippocampal tissues， and to explore the potential material basis and mechanisms underlying their regulatory effects on emotional disorders by comparing the effects of raw and vinegar-processed CRPV.MethodsUltra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was employed to characterize and identify the chemical constituents of raw and vinegar-processed Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium （CRP） extracts， as well as their migrating components in blood and hippocampal tissues following oral administration. Reference standards， mass spectral databases， and literature data were utilized for compound annotation， with data processing performed using PeakView 1.2 software.Seventy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into seven groups （n=10 per group）： blank control， model control， diazepam （2.5 mg·kg⁻¹）， raw CRP low/high dose （0.6/1.2 g·kg⁻¹）， and vinegar-processed CRP low/high dose （0.6/1.2 g·kg⁻¹）. Except for the blank group， all mice underwent chronic restraint stress （2 h/day） for 20 days. Drug treatments were administered via oral gavage during the last 10 days of stress induction， while the blank and model groups received equal volumes of saline. Behavioral assessments （open field， forced swimming， and elevated plus maze tests） were conducted post-treatment.After anesthesia with isoflurane， whole brains （n=4） and hippocampi （n=6） were collected. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels in hippocampal tissues were quantified by ELISA. Coronal brain sections （5 μm） were prepared for hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining （10 min each for hematoxylin and eosin） to evaluate neuronal morphology in hippocampal CA1/CA3 regions. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect neuronal nuclei （Neun） and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha （PPARα） expression.ResultsVinegar processing altered CRP’s chemical profile： 18 components （predominantly flavonoids） increased in relative abundance， while 35 components （mainly flavonoid glycosides） decreased. These included 20 flavonoids， 20 flavonoid glycosides， 3 triterpenes， 3 phenolic acids， 1 alkaloid， and 6 others.Twenty-one components were detected in blood （15 methoxyflavones， 4 flavonoid glycosides， and 2 phenolic acids）， with 17 shared between raw and vinegar-processed CRP. Seven components reached hippocampal tissues （all common to both forms）.Vinegar-processed CRP exhibited superior antidepressant-like effects in behavioral tests. H&E staining revealed improved neuronal integrity in hippocampal CA1/CA3 regions. Both CRP forms significantly modulated NeuN and PPARα expression （P<0.05） and attenuated ROS-mediated oxidative stress.ConclusionThe chemical composition of CRPV underwent quantitative changes after vinegar processing， but the migrating components in blood and the hippocampus， primarily methoxyflavones， were similar. These components may serve as the potential material basis for activating the PPARα pathway， thereby negatively regulating ROS generation in the hippocampus， reducing oxidative stress， and promoting the development of NeuN-positive neurons. This study investigates the impact of vinegar processing on Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium （CRP） and provides a scientific basis for improving the quality standards， pharmacodynamic material research， and active drug development of raw and vinegar-processed CRPV.关键词：Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride;vinegar processing;chemical composition;blood;hippocampus;peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha（PPARα）;anxiety;depression9|0|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “最新研究揭示胆黄连炮制工艺和质量标准，为完善其评价体系提供参考。”摘要：Bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma is a unique processed product of Coptidis Rhizoma， created through the principle of "mutual enhancement processing" and "enhancing the cold property of cold-natured herbs".By using pig bile to intensify its bitter -cold nature， it was first documented in Shengji Zonglu and is renowned for its potent ability to purge excess fire from the liver and gallbladder. The processing increases the dissolution of alkaloids such as berberine， coptisine， and palmatine， while introducing bile acids from pig bile， including taurine-type and glycine-type cholic acids. This enhances its pharmacological effects， such as antipyretic activity， regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism disorders， and intestinal absorption. Traditional processing techniques and quality standards for Bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma are outlined in the Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces Processing Standard and the Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Standard. However， incomplete specifications for critical process parameters and quality criteria significantly impact its production and clinical application. A review of research over the past two decades on the processing history， process optimization， quality evaluation， material basis， and changes in pharmacological effects and properties of Bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma reveals that the pretreatment method， dosage of pig bile， and processing temperature are key factors influencing its quality. Furthermore， current quality standards lack specific indicators. Additionally， the enhancement of the "cold property" and medicinal efficacy direction of Bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma is not only associated with changes in alkaloid groups but also dependent on the synergistic effects of bile acids. This review provides insights for improving the quality evaluation system of Bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma.关键词：bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma;processing history;synergistic effect;quality evaluation;material basis;pharmacological effects and medicinal properties8|1|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- 摘要：ObjectiveScreening suitable packaging and storage conditions for small packaged decoction pieces of Alismatis Rhizoma， so as to lay the foundation for developing standardized storage， maintenance techniques and the determination of shelf life.MethodsUsing the accelerated stability test method， the small packaged decoction pieces of Alismatis Rhizoma were placed in polyethylene plastic bags， aluminum foil polyethylene composite bags， and cowhide coated paper bags under high temperature （40±2） ℃ and high humidity RH （75±5）% conditions， quality testing was conducted at the end of the 0th， 1st， 2nd， 3rd， and 6th month， respectively； Using long-term stability testing method， an orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate storage conditions， packaging materials， and packaging methods. At the end of the 0th， 1st， 3rd， 6th， 9th， 12th， 18th， and 24th month， the quality of small packaged Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces was tested under different packaging and storage conditions （including 2 packaging methods： vacuum packaging A1 and sealed packaging A2， 3 storage conditions： room temperature B1， cool B2， and modified atmosphere B3， 3 packaging materials： cowhide coated paper bag C1， aluminum foil polyethylene composite bag C2， and polyethylene plastic bag C3）. Then， the G1 entropy weight method combined with orthogonal experiments was used to analyze the quality changes of the decoction pieces under different packaging and storage conditions and screen for suitable packaging and storage conditions. The quality testing indicators for Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces have been expanded in the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. In addition to the existing indicators （characteristics， moisture content， extractives， and the total content of 23-acetyl alisol B and 23-acetyl alisol C）， new indicators including color value， water activity， total triterpenoid content of Alismatis Rhizoma， and alisol B content have been added.ResultsThe accelerated stability test results indicate that the quality of small packaged Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces is more stable when packaged in aluminum foil-polyethylene composite materials compared to cowhide-coated paper bags and polyethylene plastic bags. Analysis of the long-term stability test results using the G1-entropy weight method combined with orthogonal experiments revealed that storage conditions have the greatest impact on both Alismatis Rhizoma pieces and Salt-processed Alismatis Rhizoma pieces， followed by packaging materials， while the packaging method has the least influence. For both types of small-packaged Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces， controlled atmosphere storage yielded better results than cool storage， with room temperature storage performing the worst. Storage in aluminum foil-polyethylene composite bags was superior to polyethylene plastic bags， while cowhide-coated paper bags performed the poorest. However， the stability of sealed Alismatis Rhizoma pieces was better than vacuum-packed ones， whereas vacuum-packed Salt-processed Alismatis Rhizoma pieces exhibited greater stability than their sealed counterparts.ConclusionBased on the results of the quality changes of small packaged Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces under different storage conditions， it is recommended that the suitable storage packaging conditions for small packaged Alismatis Rhizoma pieces are sealed packaging with aluminum foil polyethylene composite bags and controlled atmosphere storag， and the suitable storage and packaging conditions for small packaging of Salt-processed Alismatis Rhizoma pieces are vacuum packaging with aluminum foil polyethylene composite bags and controlled atmosphere storage.关键词：Alismatis Rhizoma;small packaged decoction pieces;packaging materials;storage conditions;G1 entropy weight method;water activity4|0|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “最新研究系统梳理了紫河车药材的历史沿革，为经典名方开发提供依据。”摘要：This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name，origin，scientific name verification，authentic area，quality evaluation，harvesting，processing and clinical application of Hominis Placenta by referring to the herbal medicines，medical books，prescription books，and other documents of the past dynasties，combined with relevant modern research materials.This provides a basis for the development and utilization of classic prescriptions containing this medicinal herb.Examination results indicate that Hominis Placenta has a long history of use in China. It was first recorded under the name"Bao Yi" （胞衣） in the Sui Dynasty's 《Mei Shi Fang》 and was first included in a herbal monograph under the name "Ren Bao" （人胞） in the Tang Dynasty's 《Ben Cao Shi Yi》. The Song Dynasty's prescriptions began to use "Zi He Che" （紫河车） as a synonym for Hominis Placenta， and the Ming Dynasty's 《Ben Cao Ji Yao》 was the first to use "Zi He Che" as the official name in herbal works. Throughout the ages， Hominis Placenta has been derived from the dried placenta of humans （Homo sapiens）， a consensus that has remained unchanged from ancient times to the present. Since 2005， the Chinese health department has stipulated that medicinal Hominis Placenta must come from placentas voluntarily abandoned or donated by parturient women， and they must be processed and inspected by medical institutions to be qualified for use in drug research and production. The part of the placenta used in medicine is usually the part after removing the amnion and residual umbilical cord， with the placenta from the first birth of a healthy woman being preferred. Historically， the quality is considered best when the placenta is purple， large， dry， and clean and intact. The processing and preparation methods for Hominis Placenta have always included steps to remove blood， wash， mix with medicinal materials for steaming， and then dry and grind into powder for use in medicine. However， there are some differences in details depending on specific conditions. In ancient times， only water was used for cleaning， while modern methods often involve soaking in alum water and then rinsing repeatedly. In the past， different medicinal materials such as vinegar， wine， children's urine， and pepper were mixed and steamed according to different prescriptions， but modern methods generally involve cooking with Sichuan peppercorns and yellow rice wine. In ancient times， if the medicine was urgently needed， the drying step would be omitted， and the raw or steamed Hominis Placenta would be crushed and used directly， but modern methods do not omit this step. Throughout the ages， Hominis Placenta has been described as having a sweet， spicy， and salty taste， warm in nature， entering the heart and kidney meridians， non-toxic， and effective for replenishing qi， nourishing blood， and benefiting essence， mainly treating symptoms such as emaciation due to chronic disease， nocturnal emission， and infertility. Based on the examination results， the Hominis Placenta used in classic prescriptions must ensure that it is of human origin， and priority should be given to Hominis Placenta that is purple， large， dry， and clean and intact. The processing and preparation process can be appropriately changed according to the specific conditions of the use of Hominis Placenta， and if there are no specific preparation requirements， the 2010 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" can be followed to select clean and dry Hominis Placenta for grinding into powder and use in medicine.关键词：Hominis Placenta;famous classical formulas;origin;producing area;quality evaluation;processing;functions and indications;herbal textual research7|5|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “在中医药口感优化领域，专家建立了人机协同感官评价体系，优选了益气清心颗粒矫味配方，提升了感官评分至88分，补血功效与未矫味配方保持等效。”摘要：ObjectiveTo optimize the flavor correction formula of Yiqi Qingxin Granules that balances taste improvement and blood tonifying equivalence.MethodsFirstly， Pearson correlation analysis was used to establish a correlation model between electronic tongue data and human real sensory scores（bitterness， odor， comprehensive taste）. Then， through the Box Behnken experimental design， the flavor correction formula was optimized with the addition of erythritol， acesulfame， and steviol glycosides as factors， and the electronic tongue sensor signal value as the response value， and the taste correction effect of the optimized formula was verified through human real sensory evaluation. Evaluation of the blood tonifying effect difference of Yiqi Qingxin granules before and after flavor correction using a zebrafish anemia model induced by phenylhydrazine： 150 zebrafish were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， an uncorrected flavor group（0.5 g·L-1）， a flavor correction group（0.5 g·L-1）， and a positive drug group of 0.5 g·L-1 ferrous succinate tablets. The average pixel value of the stained area of red blood cells in the heart area was quantified using Image J software after ortho aniline staining as the detection index to compare the blood tonifying effect difference of Yiqi Qingxin granules before and after flavor correction.ResultsThe correlation coefficients between the signal value of the electronic tongue CTS sensor and the real sensory taste， odor， and indicating a strong negative correlation. As a compound sweetener of Yiqi Qingxin Granules， erythritol， acesulfame， and steviol glycosides have a moderate sweetness when added at a maximum amount of 127.2 mg·g-1. The optimal flavor correction formula is erythritol 60 mg·g-1， acesulfame 2.4 mg·g-1， and steviol glycosides 1.6 mg·g-1， based on the electronic tongue CTS sensor signal value as the response value. The comprehensive score of the flavor correction formula selected through real sensory evaluation in this study has increased by 20%， with a cost of 0.008 yuan/bag. Compared with the blank control group， the red blood cell staining area of zebrafish heart blood in the model group was significantly reduced（P<0.01）； Compared with the model group， the administration of positive drug and Yiqi Qingxin granules before and after taste correction significantly increased the stained area of red blood cells in zebrafish hearts（P<0.01）， and there was no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionThe sensory score of the optimized flavor correction formula in this study was increased to 88 points （68 points for the uncorrected formula）， and its blood replenishing effect remained equivalent to that of the uncorrected formula at a mass concentration of 0.5 g·L-¹； A preliminary taste optimization strategy based on human-machine collaborative sensory evaluation system and blood supplement equivalent verification method has been established.关键词：taste key quality attributes;formula optimization;improvement in taste;electronic tongue;zebrafish;equivalence4|0|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “最新研究建立了脑脉利颗粒质量评价方法，筛选出4种质量差异标志物，体外细胞实验筛选出8种抗神经炎症关键药效物质。”摘要：ObjectiveTo establish an ultra-performance liquid fingerprint and multi-components determination method for Naomaili granules. To evaluate the quality of different batches by chemometrics， and the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of water extract and main components of Naomaili granules were tested in vitro.MethodsThe similarity and common peaks of 27 batches of Naomaili granules were evaluated by using Ultra performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） fingerprint detection. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） technology was used to determine the content of the index components in Naomaili granules and to evaluate the quality of different batches of Naomaili granules by chemometrics. LPS-induced BV-2 cell inflammation model was used to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the water extract and main components of Naomaili Granules.ResultsThe similarity of fingerprints of 27 batches of samples was > 0.90. A total of 32 common peaks were calibrated， and 23 of them were identified and assigned. In 27 batches of Naomaili granules， the mass fractions of 14 components that were stachydrine hydrochloride， leonurine hydrochloride， calycosin-7-O-glucoside， calycosin，tanshinoneⅠ， cryptotanshinone， tanshinoneⅡA， ginsenoside Rb1， notoginsenoside R1， ginsenoside Rg1， paeoniflorin， albiflorin， lactiflorin， and salvianolic acid B were found to be 2.902-3.498， 0.233-0.343， 0.111-0.301， 0.07-0.152， 0.136-0.228， 0.195-0.390， 0.324-0.482， 1.056-1.435， 0.271-0.397， 1.318-1.649， 3.038-4.059， 2.263-3.455， 0.152-0.232， 2.931-3.991 mg∙g-1， respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that paeoniflorin， ginsenoside Rg1， ginsenoside Rb1 and staphylline hydrochloride were quality difference markers to control the stability of the preparation. The results of bioactive experiment showed that the water extract of Naomaili granules and the eight main components with high content in the prescription had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the release of NO in the cell supernatant. Among them， salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rb1 had strong anti-inflammatory activity， with IC50 values of （36.11±0.15） mg∙L-1 and （27.24±0.54） mg∙L-1， respectively.ConclusionThe quality evaluation method of Naomaili granules established in this study was accurate and reproducible. Four quality difference markers were screened out， and eight key pharmacodynamic substances of Naomaili granules against neuroinflammation were screened out by in vitro cell experiments.关键词：Naomaili granules;ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）;determination of multi-component content;chemometrics;fingerprint;quality evaluation;anti-inflammatory activity5|0|0更新时间：2025-12-02
- “最新研究发现，熟地强筋丸能有效改善激素性股骨头坏死患者症状，促进成骨细胞分化，抑制细胞凋亡，为治疗提供新方案。”摘要：ObjectiveTo elucidate the efficacy connotation of Shudi Qiangjin pills （SQP） against liver and kidney deficiency in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head （SONFH） from the perspective of the “disease-syndrome-formula” association and to clarify the underlying mechanisms based on in vivo and in vitro experiment validation.MethodsThe chemical components and the corresponding putative targets of SQP were collected from the Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCMIP） v2.0， the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine （ETCM） v2.0， and HERB databases. The SONFH-related genes were identified based on the differential expression profiles of peripheral blood of patients with SONFH compared to the healthy volunteers， and the disease phenotype-related targets were collected from the TCMIP v2.0 database. Then， the interaction network of "SONFH-related genes and candidate targets of SQP" was constructed based on "gene-gene interaction information"， and the major network targets were screened by calculating the topological characteristic values of the network followed by the functional mining according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） database and the SoFDA database. After that， the SONFH rat model was prepared by lipopolysaccharide combined with methylprednisolone injection， and 2.5， 5， 7.5 g·kg-1 SQP （once per day， equivalent to 1， 2， and 3 times the clinical equivalent dose， respectively） or 7.3×10-3 g·kg-1 of alendronate sodium （ALS， once per week， equivalent to the clinical equivalent dose） was given for 8 weeks. The effect characteristics of SQP and ALS in the treatment of SONFH were evaluated by micro-computed tomography scanning， hematoxylin and eosin staining， alkaline phosphatase （ALP） staining， immunohistochemical staining， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay， and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling（TUNEL）staining， and a comparative efficacy analysis was conducted with ALS. In addition， SONFH cell models were prepared by dexamethasone stimulation of osteoblasts， and the intervention was carried out with the medicated serum of SQP at the aforementioned three doses. Cell counting kit-8， ALP staining， ALP activity assay， alizarin red staining， and flow cytometry were employed to investigate the regulatory effect of SQP on osteoblasts. The expression levels of osteogenesis-related proteins and key factors of the target signaling axis were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.ResultsThe network analysis results demonstrated that the candidate targets of SQP primarily exerted their therapeutic effects through key signaling pathways， including phosphoinositide 3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt）， lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis， prolactin， chemokines， and neurotrophic factors pathways. These pathways were significantly involved in critical biological processes such as muscle and bone metabolism and the regulation of the "neuro-endocrine-immune" network， thereby addressing both modern medical symptoms （e.g.， delayed skeletal maturation and recurrent fractures） and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptoms （e.g.， fatigue， aversion to cold， cold limbs， and pain in the limbs and joints in patients with SONFH characterized by liver and kidney deficiency syndrome. Among these pathways， the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway exhibited the highest degree of enrichment. The in vivo experimental results demonstrated that starting from the 4th week after modeling， the modeling group exhibited a significant reduction in body weight compared to the control group （P<0.05）. After six weeks of treatment， all dosage groups of SQP showed significantly higher body weights compared to the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group exhibited significant decreases in bone mineral density （BMD）， bone volume fraction （BV/TV）， trabecular number （Tb.N）， osteocalcin （OCN）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP） levels in femoral head tissue， and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase （BALP） （P<0.01）， along with significant increases in trabecular separation （Tb.Sp）， empty lacunae rate in tissue， and apoptosis rate （P<0.01）. In comparison to the model group， the SQP intervention groups showed significant improvements in BMD， BV/TV and Tb.N （P<0.01）， significant reductions in Tb.Sp， empty lacunae rate and apoptosis rate （P<0.05）， and significant increases in protein levels of OCN and ALP as well as BALP content （P<0.05）. The in vitro experimental results revealed that all dosage groups of SQP medicated serum showed no toxic effects on osteoblast. Compared with the normal group， the model group displayed significant suppression of osteoblast proliferation activity， ALP activity， and calcified nodule formation rate （P<0.01）， significant decreases in mRNA transcription levels of OCN and Runt-related transcription factor 2 （RUNX2） （P<0.01）， significant reductions in protein content of osteopontin （OPN）， typeⅠ collagen （ColⅠ）A1， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， PI3K， and phosphorylated （p）-Akt （P<0.01）， and a significant increase in apoptosis rate （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the SQP medicated serum intervention groups exhibited significant increases in proliferation activity， ALP activity， calcified nodule formation rate， mRNA transcription levels of OCN and RUNX2， and protein content of OPN， ColⅠA1， Bcl-2， PI3K， and p-Akt （P<0.05）， along with a significant decrease in apoptosis rate （P<0.01）.ConclusionSQP can effectively reduce the disease severity of SONFH with liver and kidney deficiency syndrome and improve bone microstructure， with the therapeutic effects exhibiting a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism may be related to its regulation of key processes such as muscle and bone metabolism and the correction of imbalances in the "neuro-endocrine-immune" network， thereby promoting osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoblast apoptosis. The PI3K/Akt signaling axis is likely one of the key pathways through which this formula exerts its effects.关键词：steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head;Shudi Qiangjin pills;“disease-syndrome-formula” association network;liver and kidney deficiency;phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway20|10|0更新时间：2025-11-18
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