References

1. 1.
   CHEN C，WANG Z G.A summary of ancient and modern explanations and applications of the classical formula Painong powder［J］.Shandong J Tradit Chin Med，2017，36（9）：813-815.
2. 2.
   ZHANG Z.Study on the material basis and quality control of Sini powder［D］.Tianjin：Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2024.
3. 3.
   HUANG N.Clinical and mechanistic study of Dachaihu decoction in treating intestinal injury in sepsis［D］.Guangzhou：Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine，2024.
4. 4.
   LI C Y，OUYANG C，ZENG R，et al.Ancient literature analysis and textual research on the classical famous formula Zhishi Shaoyao powder［J］.Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form，2025，31（1）：234-243.
5. 5.
   WANG S S.Clinical study on the treatment of phlegm-heat congested lung type AECOPD by combining the adjust appropriately of Painong powder with bamboo-can therapy［D］.Jinan：Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2024.
6. 6.
   WU J W，GUO X X，YE R Q，et al.Therapeutic effect of modified Painong powder on diabetic foot ulcers with blood stasis syndrome［J］.J Guangzhou Univ Tradit Chin Med，2022，39（6）：1285-1290.
7. 7.
   SUN H.Therapeutic effects of Painong powder on experimental colitis in rats and the guiding effect of Platycodon grandiflorum［D］.Hefei：Anhui University of Chinese Medicine，2018.
8. 8.
   CHEN S，DOU Y，ZHANG S，et al.Rapid identification of chemical constituents in new compound aloe capsule based on UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS［J］.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom，2025，39（3）：e9944.
9. 9.
   ZHENG M，LIU H，ZHANG R，et al.Exploring the mechanism of Sinisan in the treatment of ulcerative colitis with depression based on UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS combined with network pharmacology，molecular docking， and experimental validation［J］.J Ethnopharmacol，2025，347：119696.
10. 10.
    SUN H，LIANG X，GUI S Y.Optimization of water extraction process for Painong powder by Box-Behnken response surface methodology［J］.J Anhui Univ Chin Med，2018，37（1）：82-86.
11. 11.
    WEI F T.Component analysis and multi-component pharmacokinetics of fructus aurantii［D］.Nanchang：Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine，2020.
12. 12.
    ZHANG K B.Analysis of components and pharmacokinetics of Wendan decoction［D］.Tianjin：Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine，2020.
13. 13.
    LI Q H，ZHANG X W，YAN G L，et al.Quality evaluation of Paeoniae Radix Alba from different habitats based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E combined with multivariate statistical method［J］.Chin Tradit Herb Drugs，2023，54（7）：2243-2253.
14. 14.
    SUN H Y.Study on material basis and quality standard improvement of Siji Ganmao tablet［D］.Changchun：Jilin University，2023..
15. 15.
    YANG S，DU Q Q，YUE Q X，et al.Analysis and evaluation on Paeoniae Radix Alba from different cultivars by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and HPLC［J］.China J Chin Mater Med，2023，48（3）：715-724..
16. 16.
    YU G H，YANG H J，Li J F，et al.Analysis of chemical constituents from Citrus aurantium by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS［J］.China J Chin Mater Med，2016，41（18）：3371-3378.
17. 17.
    WANG C，ZHANG N，WANG Z，et al.Rapid characterization of chemical constituents of Platycodon grandiflorum and its adulterant Adenophora stricta by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS［J］.J Mass Spectrom，2017，52（10）：643-656.
18. 18.
    XU W C，LUO Z C，HE Y，et al.Study on the difference of saponins profile of Platycodonis Radix from the northern and southern regions based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry［J］.J Nanjing Univ Tradit Chin Med，2022，38（6）：541-549.
19. 19.
    YANG S，ZHANG X，DONG Y，et al.Cleavage rules of mass spectrometry fragments and rapid identification of chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Alba using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS［J］.Phytochem Anal，2021，32（5）：836-849.
20. 20.
    LIU Y N，HU M T，QIAN J，et al.Characterization of the chemical constituents of Jie-Geng-Tang and the metabolites in the serums and lungs of mice after oral administration by LC-Q-TOF-MS［J］.Chin J Nat Med，2021，19（4）：284-294.
21. 21.
    ZHENG Y Y， PANG W J， BAI Y， et al. Systematic analysis of chemical constituents in traditional decoction pieces and ultrafine powder of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus based on UFLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS［J］.Cent South Pharm，2018，16（4）：443-450.
22. 22.
    YANG M，LI J，ZHAO C，et al.LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS detection of food flavonoids：Principle，methodology， and applications［J］.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr，2023，63（19）：3750-3770.
23. 23.
    XIE X X，ZHANG C，ZENG J X，et al.Advances in the study of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Platycodon grandiflorum Thunb.［J］.Tradit Chin Med J，2018，17（5）：66.
24. 24.
    LI C，ZHANG H，JI C F.Research progress on chemical constituents， pharmacological effects and modern application of Platycodonis Radix［J］.Chin Pharm J，2025，60（1）：9-20.
25. 25.
    HUANG W，ZHOU H，YUAN M，et al.Comprehensive characterization of the chemical constituents in Platycodon grandiflorum by an integrated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry strategy［J］.J Chromatogr A，2021，1654：462477.
26. 26.
    SHU L，LIU S，ZHANG F，et al.Rapid identification of various chemical components in Cinnamomi ramulus by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS［J］.J Mass Spectrom，2024，59（8）：e5069.
27. 27.
    ZHANG J，WEI Y，SU L，et al.Research progress of tannins in the treatment of metabolic diseases［J］.World Sci Technol—Mod Tradit Chin Med Mater Med，2024，26（6）：1546-1552.
28. 28.
    GONG J，CHEN G P，LI L，et al.Analysis on chemical constituents of turkish galls by HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS/MS［J］.Tradit Chin Drug Res Clin Pharmacol，2020，31（10）：1227-1232.
29. 29.
    PATTANIK S K，PRADHAN K K.A validated bioanalytical method for the simultaneous estimation of telmisartan and gallic acid in rat plasma samples by high-performance thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry：Application to an oral pharmacokinetic study［J］.Biomed Chromatogr，2024，38（1）：e5770.
30. 30.
    WEI F T，CHENG H，QIAO R F，et al.Identification of prototype compounds and their metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of aurantii fructus extract by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS［J］.Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form，2020，26（21）：161-172.
31. 31.
    TANG H L，ZHANG J Y，TAN B Y，et al.Analysis of polymethoxyflavonoids in citri reticulatae pericarpium by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS［J］.J Nanjing Univ Tradit Chin Med，2024，40（11）：1223-1233.
32. 32.
    WANG J J，CHANG X W，WANG X R，et al.Metabolite identification and metabolic pathway analysis of Platycodonis Radix extracts from Tongcheng city in rats［J］.China J Chin Mater Med，2024，49（14）：3912-3923.
33. 33.
    YANG Y，TREVETHAN M，WANG S，et al.Beneficial effects of citrus flavanones naringin and naringenin and their food sources on lipid metabolism：An update on bioavailability，pharmacokinetics，and mechanisms［J］. J Nutr Biochem，2022，104：108967.
34. 34.
    CHEN M Y，YUE Y Z，YAN S.Advances in studies on pharmacological effects and mechanisms of naringenin in treatment of digestive system diseases［J］.Chin Tradit Herb Drugs，2024，55（13）：4622-4632.
35. 35.
    YANG K，ZHANG L，LIAO P，et al.Impact of gallic acid on gut health：Focus on the gut microbiome，immune response，and mechanisms of action［J］.Front Immunol，2020，11：580208.
36. 36.
    LENG Y，ZHANG X，ZHANG Q，et al.Gallic acid attenuates murine ulcerative colitis by promoting group 3 innate lymphocytes，affecting gut microbiota，and bile acid metabolism［J］.J Nutr Biochem，2024，131：109677.
37. 37.
    WANG X，ZHU M，DONG S J，et al.Paeoniflorin regulates gut microbiota and bile acids metabolismin colitis mice［J］.Acta Pharm Sin，2021，56（7）：1811.
38. 38.
    LIU Y R，XI Z W，SHI D H，et al.Effect of total glucosides of paeony capsules on regulating intestinal microflora and intestinal barrier function of newborn rats with necrotizing enterocolitis［J］.Mod Dig Interv，2023，28（8）：986.
39. 39.
    CHEN Q，ZHOU W，HUANG Y，et al.Umbelliferone and scopoletin target tyrosine kinases on fibroblast-like synoviocytes to block NF-κB signaling to combat rheumatoid arthritis［J］.Front Pharmacol，2022，13：946210.
40. 40.
    SAKTHIVEL KM，VISHNUPRIYA S，PRIYA DHARSHINI LC，et al.Modulation of multiple cellular signalling pathways as targets for anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenesis action of Scopoletin［J］.J Pharm Pharmacol，2022，74（2）：147-161.
41. 41.
    GUO X，LUO W，WU L，et al.Natural products from herbal medicine self-assemble into advanced bioactive materials［J］.Adv Sci，2024，11（35）：e2403388.
42. 42.
    YU H，SUN H，WANG K，et al.Study of the therapeutic effects of Painong powder on ulcerative colitis and the role of Platycodonis Radix in the prescription based on pharmacodynamic，pharmacokinetic，and tissue distribution analyses［J］.J Ethnopharmacol，2022，285：114872.