Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Wendantang on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein(CREB) gene silencing hippocampal cell activity, apoptosis and signal pathway of brain-derived neurotrophic factor/protomyosin related receptor kinase B/adenosine cyclophosphate effector binding protein (BDNF/TrkB/CREB).MethodWendantang-containing serum was prepared. Animal grouping: SD male rats were randomly divided into high, medium, low-dose groups, clozapine group and normal saline group, with 10 rats in each group, while 15 rats for the normal group. Dosage: 20 mL·kg-1 normal saline was given to normal group N, clozapine 0.02 g·kg-1 was given to dozapine group X, while high, medium and low-dose Wendantang groups were respectively given the same amount of Wendantang concentrated crude drug, with concentrations of 2, 1 and 0.5 g·mL-1 respectively once a day for 8 days continuously, and then blood was taken from femoral artery, and centrifuged for 15 min at 5 000 r·min-1. Supernatant was taken, inactivated, stored at -80 ℃ for standby. The CREB gene silenced hippocampal neuron cell line was constructed through transfection of liposomes into hippocampal cells, and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to verify the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) transcription. The mRNA expressions of BDNF, TrkB, CREB and CaMKⅡ in normal hippocampal cells and CREB gene silenced hippocampal cells were measured.ResultCompared with normal group, the apoptosis of the normal gene silencing group was significantly increased (P<0.01), compared with the normal gene silencing group, the apoptosis of each group was significantly reduced (P<0.01). As for the mRNA expressions of BDNF, TrkB, CREB and CaMKⅡ, compared with the normal group, the mRNA expression of CREB, BDNF in the normal gene silencing group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the normal gene silencing group, the mRNA expression of BDNF in each administration group was highly increased (P<0.01), but with no statistically significant difference between TrkB and CaMKⅡ groups.ConclusionThe Wendantang-containing serum could improve the mRNA expression of BDNF, protect hippocampal neurons and prevent cognitive impairment of schizophrenia by regulating BDNF/TrkB/CREB signal pathway.
Keywords:Wendantang-containing serum;cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein(CREB) gene silencing;hippocampal cells;brain-derived neurotrophic factor/protomyosin-related receptor kinase B/CREB(BDNF/TrkB/CREB) signal pathway
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of four types of Chinese herbal moisturizers made in laboratory for atopic dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in mice.MethodAccording to the body weight, BALA/c mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, blank cream group (moisturizer A), Shaoyao Gancaotang group (moisturizer B), Shaoyao Gancaotang with Portulacae Herba,Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Honeysuckle Stem group (moisturizer C), and Shaoyao Gancaotang with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Honeysuckle Stem group (moisturizer D) , with the dose of 25 g·kg-1 per day, as well as tacrolimus ointment group of 3 g·kg-1 per day, with 10 to 12 mice in each group. Except the normal group, the mice in the other groups were treated with 0.5% DNFB in the hair removal skin of back, 100 μL each for 7 days. Starting from the 7th day, each group was given the appropriate skin cream for external use intervention, once per day, for 15 consecutive days, except for the normal and the model groups. The animal body mass was measured once a week, and the animal back skin was graded three times a week, and the skin lesion score was recorded. After the mice were killed, the left and right ears were taken, the weight of both ears was punched and the degree of swelling was calculated. The back skin was fixed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) method, and then pathologic examination was conducted to observe and score the pathological changes of mouse back skin. Blood was obtained after the last dose and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the immunoglobulin(Ig)E content in serum. Western blot was used to measure the expression of signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphorylation (p)-STAT3 in the skin tissue.ResultCompared with the normal group, the body mass decreased continuously, a series of inflammatory changes such as erythema, edema, dryness, desquamation and callus exfoliation and so on occurred in the modeling area, and the skin lesion score increased significantly in the model group. Additionally, the cuticle of ear skin was thickened and the degree of ear swelling was obviously increased in the model group. Microscopically, the occurred changes in the model mice included the local necrosis of the epidermis, epidermal thickening, epidermal hyperplasia, and the hyperkeratosis and hypokeratosis in the cuticle, as well as the subcutaneous inflammatory cell infiltration and so on. Furthermore, the content of serum IgE andthe expression of p-STAT3 in skin tissues increased significantly in the model group. Compared with the model group, the body mass of mice in group C and D was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the skin lesion status score was decreased (P<0.05,P<0.01).The degree of auricle swelling was significantly reduced in group B, C and D compared with that in the model group (P<0.01).The degree of skin necrosis and defect and epidermal hyperplasia of mice in moisturizer C group was significantly reduced compared with that in model group (P<0.05,P<0.01). Serum IgE levels of mice in group C and D were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05,P<0.01). The expression of p-STAT3 protein in skin tissues of mice in moisturizer C group was significantly lower than that in model group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe moisturizers B, C and D all have certain therapeutic effect on atopic dermatitis, among which moisturizers C has the most obvious therapeutic effect. The possible mechanism may be that it reduces the level of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the increase of serum IgE content and the phosphorylation of STAT3.
Keywords:atopic dermatitis;Shaoyao Gancaotang;traditional Chinese medicine moisturizers;total Paeoniae Radix Alba glycosides;total Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma flavonoids
Abstract:ObjectiveArrange long-term toxicity experiments by a uniform design method, so as to explore the effect of different extracts of Psoraleae Fructus on liver toxicity in rats and mice, and find the drug factors that cause psoralen liver toxicity.MethodBased on the factors of processing, extraction technology, dosage and treatment course, each experimental group was arranged by uniform design method. A total of 220 SD rats and 220 Kunming mice with half male and half female were divided into normal groups and drug groups 1 to 8. The corresponding drugs (50% alcohol extract of salt Psoraleae Fructus in rats 2.57 g·kg-1, mice 5.14 g·kg-1, 95% alcohol extract of Psoraleae Fructus in rats 0.51 g·kg-1, mice 1.02 g·kg-1, 70% alcohol extract of salt Psoraleae Fructus in rats 1.71 g·kg-1, mice 3.42 g·kg-1, water extract of Psoraleae Fructus in rats 1.03 g·kg-1, mice 2.06 g·kg-1, water extract of salt Psoraleae Fructus in rats 1.03 g·kg-1, mice 2.06 g·kg-1, 70% alcohol extract of Psoraleae Fructus in rats 1.71 g·kg-1, mice 3.42 g·kg-1, 95% alcohol extract of salt Psoraleae Fructus in rats 0.51 g·kg-1, mice 1.02 g·kg-1, 50% alcohol extract of Psoraleae Fructus in rats 2.57 g·kg-1, mice 5.14 g·kg-1) were administered by gavage daily. The body weight and food intake of the rats and mice were measured once a week. After the treatment course, the rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, and blood was taken from the abdominal aorta, and the mice were sacrificed by removing the eyeballs, and the liver and brain were taken to calculate the organ coefficients. Serum was taken to determine liver function-related indicators, and the liver was taken for histopathological examination by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.ResultThe liver visceral-brain ratio of female rats in group 3 were significantly increased (P<0.05). The liver quality, visceral-body ratio and visceral-brain ratio of male mice in groups 1 to 3 were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Histopathological manifestations in mice were more obvious than those in rats. Histopathology showed hepatocyte hypertrophy in the central area of liver lobules in mice, in particular in group 3. According to the multiple regression equation, there were interactions between extraction technology, processing, dosage and treatment course, and the extraction technology was positively correlated with the pathological score of liver injury. Based on the results of visual analysis and other indicators, it is concluded that the extraction technology factor is most relevant to psoralen liver toxicity of Psoraleae Fructus.ConclusionPsoraleae Fructus has the hepatotoxicity, which is related to ethanol extraction technology; alcohol extraction is more toxic than water extraction, and 70% ethanol extraction is the most toxic. Besides, there are species differences, with a more significant hepatotoxicity in mice than that in rats.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Liuwei Dihuangtang on the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in rats with chronic renal failure.MethodThe 45 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=10), sham group (n=10) and operation group (n=25). The operation group received 5/6 nephrectomy, and the rats in operation group were randomly divided into the model group and the treatment group after successful modeling. The treatment group received Liuwei Dihuangtang by gavage administration, while the rest of the three groups received equal volume of distilled water by gavage administration, with a treatment course of 8 weeks. The quantitative levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine protein in each group were determined. Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were used to observe the histopathological changes of rat kidney. The structural changes of mitochondria in renal tubular epithelial cells were observed under electron microscope. The apoptotic rate was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL). The expression of B cell lymphoma -2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), cytochrome C (Cyt C) and cysteine aspartic acid protease -3 (Caspase-3) were analyzed by Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR).ResultAs compared with the normal group, the quantitative levels of SCr, BUN and urinary protein in the model group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the above indicators were improved in the treatment group as compared with the model group (P<0.05). No significant pathological changes and damage of mitochondrial structure were observed in the kidney tissues of the control group and the sham group. In the model group, there were different degrees of renal tubular atrophy and dilatation, interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition, and mitochondria swelling and breaking, but such lesions were significantly alleviated in the treatment group. As compared with the normal group, apoptotic rate was increased significantly in model group (P<0.01), the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased (P<0.01). As compared with the model group, apoptotic rate was significantly reduced in the treatment group (P<0.01), the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased (P<0.01). In the normal group and sham group, Cyt C was mainly located in mitochondria. The expression of Cyt C in the cytoplasm of the model group was increased significantly (P<0.01), while that of the treatment group was decreased (P<0.01).ConclusionLiuwei Dihuangtang can alleviate renal fibrosis and delay the progression of renal function. The mechanism of reducing apoptosis may be associated with protecting mitochondrial structure and regulating the expression of proteins related to mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Shenqi compound on islet β-cell function in type 2 diabetic GK rats. The whole genome expression profile chip technology is used to explore the molecular mechanism of Shenqi compound regulating pancreatic islet cell function and provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes with traditional Chinese medicine.MethodGK rats were fed with high-fat diet daily for 4 weeks. Rats were randomly selected from GK rats to detect random blood glucose and verified the success of type 2 diabetes model. Rats were divided into 4 groups, Wistar group, model group, Shenqi compound(1.44 g∙kg-1) group and west glenn(16 mg∙kg-1) group. After 8 weeks of gavage, the serum insulin(INS) levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The apoptosis of islet β cells was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)fluorescence method. Differential gene detection uses whole-genome expression profiling chip technology in each group of rat pancreatic tissues, the mRNA transcription level of key differential genes is detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR).ResultCompared with blank group, before gavage, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, GK rats have higher blood sugar in each group (P<0.01).Gavage for 4 weeks and gavage for 8 weeks, compared with model group, the blood sugar of rats in each drug intervention group was lower (P<0.01). Gavage for 8 weeks, compared with blank group, the INS level of model group was lower (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the Shenqi compound group had a higher INS level, and the sitagliptin group had a higher INS level (P<0.01). After gavage for 8 weeks, compared with the blank group, the number of pancreatic islet β-cell apoptosis in the model group was higher (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the number of pancreatic islet β cell apoptosis in the Shenqi compound group and sitagliptin group was lower (P<0.05,P<0.01). Gene chip and Real-time PCR tests both showed that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase receptor 1(PIK3R1) was up-regulated in the Shenqi compound group/model group, and down-regulated in the sitagliptin group/model group, model group/blank group. Protein kinase B1(Akt1) was expressed in the Shenqi compound group/model The expression was up-regulated in the group, sitagliptin group/model group, and down-regulated in the model group/blank group.ConclusionShenqi compound which has the function of supplenmenting Qi and Yin and promoting the blood circulation, can inhibit the islet β cell apoptosis, improve islet β cell function, regulate insulin secretion, and prevent T2DM by up-regulating the expression of genes PIK3R1 and Akt1.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription on the activation of normal human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HFL1) into tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) induced by human colon cancer cells (HCT116) derived exosomes.MethodSD rats were gavaged with 13.1 g·kg-1 of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription to prepare drug-containing serum, and HCT116 cell exosomes-containing 10% exosomes-free serum and 20% Jianpi Xiaoai prescription drug serum were isolated by ultra-high speed centrifugation. The particle size distribution of exosomes were detected by Nanoparticle tracking analyzer (Zetaview), and the exosomes' marker proteins apoptotic transfer gene 2 interaction protein X (Alix), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and tumor-susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) were identified by Western blot, and the uptake of exosomes labeled with cell membrane staining kit (PKH67) by HFL1 was observed by fluorescence microscope. HFL1 cells were divided into six groups: the blank group, the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) group, the TGF-β1 combined with HCT116 exosomes of 2 mg·L-1 group, the TGF-β1 combined with HCT116 exosomes of 4 mg·L-1 group, the TGF-β1 combined with Jianpi Xiaoai prescription exosomes of 2 mg·L-1 group, and the TGF-β1 combined with Jianpi Xiaoai prescription exosomes of 4 mg·L-1 group, and all groups were cultivated for 48 h. Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) were used to determine the protein and mRNA expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).ResultThe particle size distribution detected by Zetaview was mainly between 50-100 nm, and the exosomes were verified based on the expressions of marker proteins Alix, HSP70 and TSG101. After co-incubation of HFL1 cells with exosomes, a large number of exosomes were absorbed by HFL1 cells under fluorescence microscope. Compared with the blank control group, the protein and mRNA expressions of α-SMA in the TGF-β1 group and TGF-β1 combined with HCT116 exosome groups were increased (P<0.01). Compared with the TGF-β1 combined with HCT116 exosome groups, the protein and mRNA expressions of α-SMA were decreased in the TGF-β1 combined with Jianpi Xiaoai prescription exosome groups (P<0.01).ConclusionHuman colon cancer cell exosomes combined with TGF-β1 can induce the activation of HFL1 into CAFs, and Jianpi Xiaoai prescription can reduce the activation of HFL1 by affecting the expressions of α-SMA, thus antagonizing the lung metastasis of colon cancer.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of icariin on neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats and microglia toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway.MethodIn the blank group, blood vessels were only isolated but not ligated and blocked,and the rats were injected intraperitoneally with the same volume of normal saline. After successful modeling, they were randomly divided into model group, butyphthalide group (6 mg·kg-1), and high, medium and low (40,20,10 mg·kg-1)-dose icariin group,and abdominally administered with drugs at 5,12, 24 h after ischemia, respectively. The nerve function scores were detected, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazole chloride (TTC) staining was used to measure the cerebral infarction rate,immunohistochemical assay was performed to detect the expressions of microglial markers ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1) and TLR4 in the rat brain cortex, Western blot immunoassay was used to detect the expression of NF-κB p65 in the cerebral cortex, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content.ResultCompared with the sham-operation group, the nerve score, the cerebral infarction rate, the activations of Iba1 and TLR4 in microglial cells, the protein expression of NF-κB p65(P<0.01), and the contents of inflammatory factors IL-1α and TNF-α in the model group increased significantly(P<0.01). After treatment with icariin, compared with the model group, the neurological function score and the cerebral infarction rate of rats were improved, whereas the activations of Iba1 and TLR4 in microglia, the protein expression of NF-κB p65, and the contents of inflammatory factors IL-1α and TNF-α decreased obviously(P<0.05,P<0.01).ConclusionIcariin may inhibit the activations of TLR4 and its downstream NF-κB signaling pathway and reduce the expression of relevant inflammatory factors IL-1α and TNF-α by regulating the activation of microglia, so as to play a protective role in the brain after stroke.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe clinical effect of addition and subtraction therapy of Xiaoyaosan combined with Simotang to irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation (IBS-C) and syndrome of stagnation of liver Qi and to study influence to gut-brain axis.MethodOne hundred and forty-four patients were randomly divided into control group (72 cases) and observation group (72 cases) by random number table. The 66 patients in control group completed the therapy (2 patients were falling off or missing visit, 5 patients were eliminate), 65 patients in observation group completed the therapy (4 patients were falling off or missing visit, 2 patients were eliminate). Patients in control group got Simotang, 20 mL/time, 3 times/day. In control group, patients in observation group added addition and subtraction therapy of Xiaoyaosan combined with Simotang, 1 dose/day. And courses of treatment in two groups were 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, degree of abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS), quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-QOL), syndrome of stagnation of liver Qi, scores of Hamilton anxiety scale-14(HAMA-14), Hamilton depression scale-17(HAMD-17), complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM), response rate of abdominal pain and defecation, remission rate of IBS-SSS were all recorded. And levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), somatostatin (SS) and calcitonin related gene peptide were detected, and safety was evaluated.ResultDegree of abdominal pain, scores of IBS-SSS, syndrome of stagnation of liver Qi , HAMA-14, HAMD-17 and levels of VIP, NPY, 5-HT, SS and CGRP in observation group were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01). And times of CSBM, score of IBS-QOL and level of SP were all higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Besides, response rate of abdominal pain and defecation and remission rate of IBS-SSS in observation group 95.38%(62/65), 93.85%(61/65) and 90.77%(59/65)were higher than 83.33%(55/66),78.79%(52/66)and 75.76%(50/66) in control group (P<0.05). And curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in was better than that in control group (Z=2.1034, P<0.05). No serious adverse events happened and no adverse reaction caused by TCM.ConclusionAddition and subtraction therapy of Xiaoyaosan combined with Simotang can significantly ameliorate IBS-C symptoms, reduce bad mood, improve patients' quality of life, regulate a variety of brain gut peptide factors, and improve brain gut axis disorder. It has good clinical efficacy and safety.
Keywords:irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation;syndrome of stagnation of liver Qi;Xiaoyaosan;Simotang;gut-brain axis
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of Yuebi Jia Banxiatang on old patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) combined with syndrome of phlegm heat damming lung, and observe effect on inflammatory markers and prognosis.MethodA total of 120 patients with CAP were randomly divided into control group (60 cases) and observation group (60 cases) by random number table. In control group, 55 patients finished the therapy (3 patients fell off or were lost to follow-up, 2 were eliminated), 55 patients in observation group completed the therapy (5 patients fell off or were lost to follow-up). Both groups' patients got anti-infection and other comprehensive therapies. Patients in control group got Feilike mixture, 20 mL/time, 3 times/day. Patients in observation group obtained Yuebi Jia Banxiatang, 1 dose/day. The course of treatment for the two groups continued for 10 days. Antipyretic time and antipyretic rate at the 5th day after treatment, relief time of cough, expectoration and lung rale were recorded. And clinical pulmonary infection score (CPSI), time (CPSI<6) and time to stop antibiotics were recorded. Before and after treatment, syndrome of phlegm heat damming lung was scored, and failure of initial treatment was also recorded. Levels of procalcitonin (PCT), red blood cell volume distribution wid (RDW), D-dimer (D-D) and synpeptin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-1β) and IL-6 were measured. Recurrence rate of chest radiograph was recorded, and safety was evaluated.ResultRelief time of antipyretic, cough, expectoration and lung rale in observation group were less than those in control group (P<0.01). Antipyretic rate at the 5th day after treatment, antibiotic discontinuation rate, recurrence rate of chest radiograph were 85.45% (47/55), 94.55% (52/55) and 90.91% (50/55), which were higher than 65.45% (36/55), 81.82% (45/55) and 74.55% (45/55) in control group. And initial treatment failure rate was 5.54% (3/55), which was lower than 20.00% (11/55) in control group (P<0.05). Scores of CPSI and syndrome of phlegm heat damming lung were less than those in control group (P<0.01). And levels of PCT, RDW, D-D, peptide, hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were all below the level in control group (P<0.01). Total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome was 96.36% (53/55), which was higher than 83.64% (46/55) in control group (χ2=4.949, P<0.05). And there was no adverse reactions relating to traditional Chinese medicine.ConclusionIn addition to anti-infection and other comprehensive therapies, Yuebi Jia Banxiatang can control the clinical symptoms, reduce the degree of pulmonary infection and disease, control the inflammatory reaction, shorten the course of disease and improve the prognosis, with a significant effect and safety in clinical use.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of modified Bixie Shengshitang on acute gouty arthritis due to hot and humid syndrome.MethodAccording to the random number table method, 130 cases were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 65 cases in each group. All of the cases were given the basic non-drug therapy. The control group was given colchicine, while observation group was given modified Bixie Shengshitang + colchicine for 14 d. Before treatment and at 3, 7 and 14 d after treatment, total symptom score (TSS) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome were observed between the two groups, respectively. Blood uric acid (BUA), urinary uric acid (UUA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), proinflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8)] and anti-inflammatory factors [interforon gamma receptor (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-18(IL-18)] in serum and joint fluid were detected before and after treatment. The clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were compared.ResultThe total effective rate was 96.9% (62/64) in observation group, which was higher than 80.6% (50/62) in control group (χ2=5.713, P<0.05). Compared with control group at 3, 7 and 14 d after treatment, TSS and TCM syndrome scores in observation group were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with control group after treatment, BUA, ESR, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 and UUA, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-18 were significantly decreased in observation group (P<0.05). There was no serious adverse event during the study period. The incidence of adverse reactions was 54.7% (35/64) in observation group, which was lower than 82.3% (51/62) in control group (χ2=9.326, P<0.05).ConclusionModified Bixie Shengshitang can significantly alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients with acute gouty arthritis due to hot and humid syndrome, and adjust levels of uric acid and inflammatory cytokines, with a low recurrence rate.
Keywords:modified Bixie Shengshitang;colchicine;acute gouty arthritis;hot and humid syndrome
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of modified Chushi Huqianwan combined with core decompression on Ⅰ, Ⅱ stage osteonecrosis of femoral head due to hot and humid syndrome, and the effect on bone metabolism index [osteocalcin (BGP), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), bone isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase (BALP)], blood lipid [apolipoprotein A (ApoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3)], protein expression [matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2)].MethodA total of 90 cases were divided into control group and observation group, with 45 cases in each group. The control group was given core decompression + Xianling Gubao, while the observation group was given core decompression + modified Chushi Huqianwan for 6 months. The hip harris score (HHS), lateral head index (LHI) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome were observed between two groups. The serum bone metabolic indices (BGP, BMP-2, BALP), blood lipid (ApoA, ApoB, ApoC3), protein expressions (MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2) were detected between two groups. The clinical efficacy, adverse reaction and recurrence in 36-month follow-up were compared between two groups.ResultThe total effective rate was 97.73% (43/44) in observation group, which was higher than 80.95% (34/42) in control group (χ2=5.915, P<0.05). The recurrence rate was 4.65% (2/43) in observation group, which was lower than 35.29% (12/34) in control group (χ2=5.317, P<0.05) during the 36-month follow-up. HHS and LHI in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and TCM syndrome score was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Compared with control group after treatment, BGP, BMP-2, BALP, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in observation group were significantly increased (P<0.05), whereas ApoA, ApoB, ApoC3, TIMP-2 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). No obvious adverse reactions were observed during the treatment.ConclusionModified Chushi Huqianwan combined with core decompression can significantly improve clinical symptoms, bone metabolism indexes, blood lipid and protein expressions of patients with Ⅰ, Ⅱ stage osteonecrosis of femoral head due to hot and humid syndrome.
Keywords:modified Chushi Huqianwan;core decompression;necrosis of femoral head;hot and humid syndrome
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Published:2020-12-10
Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Rhizosphere Soil Environment of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the infection rate of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis at different periods,the changes of mineral nutrients in rhizosphere soil and the correlation among the factors under different arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi conditions.Method28 kinds of AM fungi were inoculated into the seedlings of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis by single factor pot experiment. The samples were collected in August (fruit ripening period) and November (senescence period) to analyze the infection rate and the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil.ResultThe mycorrhizal infection rate of each treatment group was 75%-100% in the fruit ripening period and senescence period. The contents of easily extracted glomalin and total glomalin in rhizosphere soil increased to different degrees in these two periods as compared with CK group, the pH of rhizosphere soil in the two treatment groups showed an increasing trend, the content of organic matter in rhizosphere soil decreased significantly in the fruit ripening period in all the treatment groups,and the organic matter in rhizosphere soil in the senescence period showed no significant differences. The total N and K contents in rhizosphere soil decreased in both periods, and the other physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil increased or decreased without significant change regularity. Correlation analysis showed that the infection rate was correlated with the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil to a certain degree.ConclusionInoculation of AM fungi can affect the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis to some extent,and provide reference value for the application of AM fungi in the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine.
Keywords:arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi;Paris poiyphylla var. yunnanensis;rhizospheric soil;glomalin;physical and chemical characters
Abstract:ObjectiveTo clarify the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the rhizosphere soil nutrient content,AM fungi infection rate and total rhizome saponins content of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis under symbiosis culture.MethodThe changes in the root AM fungi infection rate,rhizosphere soil nutrient content,total rhizome saponins content of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and the relationship of the rhizosphere soil factors,the infection rate and the total rhizome saponins content after AM fungi inoculation were analyzed by the method of combining room temperature pot inoculation and data analysis.ResultAs compared with the CK group,the root AM fungi infection rate of the AM inoculation group was significantly enhanced (P<0.05),the content of easily extractable glomalin,total glomalin,and total nitrogen increased significantly,while available potassium content and pH significantly decreased. After inoculation with AM fungi,the contents of total phosphorus,available phosphorus,available nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available potassium,and organic matter in the rhizosphere soil of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis showed significant differences as compared with the CK group. The soil nutrient status was improved,and the total saponin content in the rhizome of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was increased.ConclusionInoculation with AM fungi can improve the rhizosphere soil nutrient status of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis,promote the nutrient transformation in the rhizosphere soil,promote the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis,and improve the quality of medicinal herbs.
Keywords:arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus;Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis;glomalin;soil nutrients;total saponins
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of different arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi combinations on the rhizospheric environment of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.MethodThe different combinations of 12 arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi species were inoculated to the seedlings P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis planted in the sterilized soil under the condition of room temperature to investigate their infection abilities and effects on the root activity,soil nutrient contents,enzyme activities and microbial community structure of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizospheric environment.ResultThe inoculation of exogenous AM fungi can regulate the spore densities and infection rate of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizosphere AM to improve the root activity, the exogenous AM fungi can also regulate the nutrient contents in the rhizosphere soil,increase the contents of total glomalin and easily extracted glomalin,increase the abilities of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis to absorb the available N,P and K,and increase the enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil, improve the microbial community structure, and improve the rhizospheric environment of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis by increasing the bacteria/fungi and bacteria/actinomycetes quantity ratios and reducing the fungi/actinomycetes quantity ratio.ConclusionDifferent AM fungal treatment groups had certain effects on the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of the rhizosphere soil of P.polyphylla var. yunnanensis,which provided a technical basis for the cultivation of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
Keywords:Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis;arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi;colonization;soil microorganism;soil enzyme activities
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM) fungi inoculation on the rhizosphere soil of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis under field conditions,so as to provide a reference for the standardized cultivation and development of high-quality varieties of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.MethodThe effects of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on the rhizosphere soil structure of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were observed through a combination of small-scale field inoculation test and laboratory analysis. Soil indexes were determined by soil agrochemical methods.ResultThe treatment groups inoculated with exogenous AM fungi showed a regulatory effect on the infection rate and intensity of AM fungi infection in the root system of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. After treatment with AM fungi,the soil pH was basically not affected,and the contents of organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium increased. Moreover,the number of fungi decreased,the number of bacteria and actinomycetes increased,and soil enzyme activities increased. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation among the soil physical and chemical indexes,especially the bacterial number and the three types of phosphatases showed extremely significant correlation (r=0.849,0.800,0.804,P<0.01).ConclusionThe application of the two mixed fungicides could increase the number of microorganisms and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, and there was a certain synergy effect among the soil factors. Among the three field trials,the effects in Anshun,Guizhou and Wanzhou,Chongqing were more ideal,which provided a theoretical and practical basis for large-scale promotion of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis in the field.
Keywords:Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis;arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi;infection rate;soil chemical index;enzyme activity
Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi combinations on rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and microbial quantity in the seedlings of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis at different inoculation periods,so as to lay a foundation for cultivating high-quality P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.MethodThe spore density,infection rate,nutrient and enzyme activity in the soil around the roots of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seedlings under different AM fungi combinations and different inoculation periods were analyzed by the greenhouse pot inoculation trials and soil agrochemical analysis methods.ResultThe infection rate of different AM fungi treatment groups was more than 80% in different inoculation periods,and the spore density was higher than control (CK) group in some periods. It reflected that the relationship between AM fungi and roots of Paris polyphylla seedlings was favorable. The content of nitrogen in the soil decreased,but the content of available P,available K and soil pH increased. The soil nutrients in the cultivar one-year seedlings and wild seedlings were higher. The total number of soil microorganisms showed that bacteria>actinomycetes>fungi. The cultivar two-year seedlings with AM fungi combinations of S3,S5 and S8 had better soil structure and higher biomass carbon content. The growth rates of phosphatase and protease activity were higher in the soil,but catalase activity was lowest. In the treatment groups S2,S3,S4,S5 and S6,the soil enzyme activities of the wild seedlings and one-year-old seedlings were best.ConclusionDifferent AM fungal treatment groups and different inoculation periods had certain effects on rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and microbial quantity in the seedlings of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, which provided a technical basis for the cultivation of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo elucidate the key medicinal substances that cause the difference of efficacy between lotus leaf and lotus plumule, and to analyze their material basis of "homologous and different effect".MethodUPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique was used to identify the main alkaloids in lotus leaf, lotus latex (juice in lotus petiole) and lotus plumule, chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters XBridge C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm), and gradient elution was performed with 0.1% ammonia aqueous solution (A)-acetonitrile (B) as mobile phase (0-13 min, 35%-60%B; 13-20 min, 60%-80%B; 20-20.1 min, 80%-95%B; 20.1-25 min, 95%B; 25-25.1min, 95%-35%B; 25.1-40 min, 35%B). Data acquisition was carried out in electrospray ionization (ESI) under the positive ion mode, the scanning range was m/z 100-1 000. Besides, the metabolic network of the main alkaloids was constructed.ResultA total of 5 alkaloids (N-nornuciferine, O-nornuciferine, anonaine, nuciferine and roemerine) were identified from lotus leaf, 6 alkaloids (nuciferine, norisoliensinine, 6-hydroxynorisoliensinine, liensinine, isoliensinine and neferine) in lotus latex, and 8 alkaloids (lotusine, norcoclaurine, N-methylcoclaurine, pronuciferine, armepavine, liensinine, isoliensinine and neferine) in lotus plumule. Also, the biosynthetic pathways of the terminal alkaloids of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids (liensinine, isoliensinine and neferine) and aporphine alkaloids (N-nornuciferine, O-nornuciferine, anonaine, nuciferine and roemerine) was conducted.ConclusionFive aporphine alkaloids in lotus leaf and three bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids in lotus plumule are the material basis for "homologous and different effect" of lotus leaf and lotus plumule. The metabolism of alkaloids in lotus leaf and lotus plumule is derived from the same compound of (S)-N-methylcoclaurine, and two types of alkaloids are synthesized through the action of two different enzymes. The synthetic alkaloids have different structures, resulting in different chemical composition between different tissues, thus producing different efficacy between lotus leaf and lotus plumule.
Keywords:lotus leaf;lotus plumule;alkaloids;lotus latex;ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS);homologous and different effect;material basis
Abstract:ObjectiveBy comparing the changing of chemical composition contents and the effects of improving insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic KKAy mice, to explore the processing principle of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma processed with salt-water.MethodUltra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was established for determining the contents of seven saponins and mangiferin in raw and salt-processed products of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. The mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B) for gradient elution (0-1 min, 90%-80%A; 1-2 min, 80%-78%A; 2-5.5 min, 78%-70%A; 5.5-10.5 min, 70%-40%A; 10.5-12 min, 40%-20%A; 12-12.1 min, 20%-90%A; 12.1-13 min, 90%A). The flow rate was set at 0.3 mL·min-1. The mass spectrographic analysis employed electrospray ionization (ESI) and negative ion acquisition mode. The acquisition range was m/z 100-1 200. The experimental type 2 diabetic KKAy mice were divided into model group, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma group (7.2 g·kg-1·d-1) and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma processed with salt-water group (7.2 g·kg-1·d-1). C57BL/6J mice were considered as normal group and were given the same volume of saline. There are nine mice in each group, once a day for 21 consecutive days. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured once a week. Three hours after the last administration, the blood samples of mice were collected by drawing eyeballs and were centrifuged to separate serum for further experiment. The fasting insulin (FINS), leptin (LEP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glycated albumin (GA), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and the homeostasis model assessment insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. The expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylkinase (PEPCK) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma co-activator1 (PGC1) mRNA in hepatic and adipose tissue of mice from each group were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method (Real-time PCR).ResultAfter being processed with salt-water, the contents of 8 chemical components in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma were increased, among which the contents of timosaponin AⅢ, timosaponin BⅡ, timosaponin BⅢ, anemarrhenasaponin Ⅰ, anemarrhenasaponin Ⅰa, mangiferin were significantly increased, and increased by 43.78%, 38.77%, 25.84%, 28.21%, 22.51%, 24.04%, respectively. Compared with the model group, raw and salt-processed products of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma could significantly decrease the levels of FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, LEP, GA (P<0.05, P<0.01), increase the levels of ISI, GLP-1 (P<0.05, P<0.01) in serum of mice with type 2 diabetes, and significantly increase the expression of PI3K and PGC1 mRNA in hepatic and adipose tissue (P<0.05). It is worth noting that salt-processed products is better than that of raw products.ConclusionRaw and salt-processed products of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma have obvious hypoglycemic effect. And the hypoglycemic effect of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma can be promoted after being processed with salt-water by promoting insulin secretion and improving insulin resistance. Incremental components are the probably material basis for enhancement of hypoglycemic effect of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma after being processed with salt-water.
Abstract:ObjectiveThe molecular connectivity index method and total statistical moment method were used to control the quality of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and the stability and consistency of volatile components of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were clarified.MethodVolatile oils in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos from different producing areas was extracted for GC-MS determination with electron bombardment ion source, ion source temperature of 230 ℃, and detection range of m/z 35-650. Then National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 05 and ChemicalBook database were used for qualitative analysis of these volatile components, the peak area normalization method was used for quantitative analysis, and the total statistical moment parameters and the zero-order, first-order, second-order, third-order molecular connectivity indexes of the components were calculated.ResultNumber of peaks (RSD were 28.5%, 33.4%, respectively), total zero-order moments (RSD were 55.5%, 128.9%, respectively) and total second-order moments (RSD were 15.3%, 21.5%, respectively) of 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were unstable, indicating that the types and contents of volatile components fluctuated sharply, but the total first-order moments (RSD were 7.5%, 8.8%, respectively) and the zero-order, first-order, second-order and third-order molecular connectivity indexes (RSD ranged from 8.1% to 10.3% and 4.2% to 5.5%, respectively) were relatively stable, indicating that the overall "imprinting template" of the components was similar. Statistical analysis of each parameter found that there were no significant differences in the number of peaks, total first-order moments and zero-order, first-order, second-order, third-order molecular connectivity indexes between volatile oils from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos.ConclusionUnder the guidance of supramolecular gas evolution "imprinting template" theory, the molecular connectivity index method and total statistical moment parameters are used to jointly characterize the "imprinting template" of TCM components in vitro, which can control the stability and consistency of TCM quality.
Abstract:ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to research the relationship between HPLC fingerprint and anti-inflammatory effect of Zhideke granules, and the substance basis of its anti-inflammatory effect was preliminary explored.MethodThe fingerprint of 10 batches of Zhideke granules were determined by HPLC, the mobile phase was consisted of methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid solution for gradient elution with a detection wavelength of 254 nm. Similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to evaluate the quality difference between batches of Zhideke granules. The correlation analysis between the common peaks and the inhibition rates of Zhideke granules on ear swelling and cotton ball granuloma in mice was carried out by partial least squares (PLS), and the peaks greatly contributing to the anti-inflammatory effect were screened out.ResultThere were 31 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprint of Zhideke granules. The similarities of 10 batches samples were ≥0.992. The HCA and PCA analysis results were consistent, and the samples were divided into 3 categories. Combined with the OPLS-DA results, 15 components were the main markers affecting the differences of different batches of samples. Different batches of Zhideke granules differed in anti-inflammatory effect. The chromatographic peaks being positively correlated with the anti-inflammatory effect were mainly from Belamcandae Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix, Chromatographic peaks 3, 6, 19, 27-30 had significant contribution to anti-inflammatory effect, of which peaks 28 and 30 were irisflorentin and wogonin.ConclusionHPLC fingerprint combined with chemical pattern recognition method can provide a reference for systematic evaluation of the overall quality of Zhideke granules. Zhideke granules has a certain inhibitory effect on acute and chronic inflammation in mice, and the anti-inflammatory effect is the result of the combined action of various ingredients, while Belamcandae Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix have significant significance for the anti-inflammatory effect.
Abstract:Banxia Xiexin Tang is one of the classic prescriptions for treating digestive system diseases.In this paper,using the method of bibliometrics,information of Banxia Xiexintang in ancient Chinese medical literatures were collected and screened out 399 effective data from 238 kinds of ancient books.Based on the statistics and analysis of the history,drug composition,main disease and syndrome,principle of prescription,dosage,processing,preparation,decocting and taking methods of Banxia Xiexin Tang,it is found that Banxia Xiexin Tang originated from Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease written by ZHANG Zhong-jing,a famous physician in the Eastern Han dynasty,it is composed of seven herbs,namely,Pinelliae Rhizoma,Scutellariae Radix,Zingiberis Rhizoma,Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle,Coptidis Rhizoma,and Jujubae Fructus. It was mainly used to treat pizheng of mixed cold and heat. Most of the Banxia Xiexin Tang recorded in later generations follow the prescription composition and indications in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease and its clinical application has been extended and expanded,among the 352 literatures with the main diseases and syndromes recorded,the most common (341) were pizheng,accounting for about 96.88%,in addition,it is also used sporadically for shuzheng,malaria,nausea,damp-wen,jaundice,etc. Among the 122 documents with drug dosage records,nearly half of them are identical with the original records in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease. Among the 112 literatures with pharmaceutical processing,licorice (86) was the most,most of them were roasted (80),followed by pinellia ternata (79),and most of them were "decoction washing and sliding" (67). Among the 111 documents recorded in the decoction method,most of them inherited Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease by "removing the dross and again cooking" (68),there are also "Water Decoction" (32) and "Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Jujubae Fructus Decoction" (11). Among the 108 documents with the method of taking medicine,nearly half of them inherited Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease,which is "a liter of warm taking ,three times daily". Based on the ancient Chinese medical literatures,Banxia Xiexintang was systematically analyzed in order to provide more accurate ancient literature reference for the clinical application and development of classic prescriptions.
Keywords:classical famous prescriptions;Banxia Xiexintang;ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM);principle of formula formation;dosage;pizheng;Pinelliae Rhizoma;removing the dross and again cooking;Reatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease
Abstract:ObjectiveTo detect the changes of functional expression profile of energy metabolism related differential genes in sleep deprived rats before and after intervention by Tianwang Buxindan by microarray sequencing technology, so as to provide possible ideas and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of sleep deprivation.MethodThe rats were randomLy divided into two groups: the Tianwang Buxindan group and the model group. The Tianwang Buxindan group was given the decoction of Tianwang Buxindan at the dose of 20 g·kg-1, and the model group was given the pure water of equal volume for 14 days. Taking liver, heart and hypothalamus as samples, high-throughput sequencing was used to obtain differential genes. Gene Ontology(Go)classification and kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were used to construct a co expression network with lncrna. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR)was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of neuropeptide Y(NPY), bispecific phosphatase 1/mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1(DUSP1/MKP-1)and alpha-L-iduronidase(IDUA), three key genes with significant differences in energy metabolism.ResultThe 321 differentially expressed genes were obtained, 231 of which were up-regulated and 90 down regulated, which mainly promoted the process of lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and protein metabolism, participated in the synthesis and expression of fibrinogen, vitamin B6 and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor(MANF), and involved mitogen activated protein kinases(MAPK), p53 gene(p53), cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) and other signal pathways. Compared with the model group, the expression of IDUA significantly increased in the Tianwang Buxindan group (P<0.05), but decreased significantly in NPY and DUSP1(P<0.01).ConclusionTianwang Buxindan can interfere with the energy metabolism mechanism of sleep deprived rats in many ways. By down regulating the mRNA expression level of NPY and DUSP1 genes, it may activate the p38 MAPK signal pathway and affect the lipid metabolism.
Abstract:Lianhua Qingwen preparation (LHQW) is a Chinese traditional patent medicine approved by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), and divided into two dosage forms, namely capsules and granules. Based on TCM theory, its therapeutic functions are contagion-clearing, detoxification, antipyretic, and lung-ventilating regulation, with influenza as its indication. In this paper, its pharmacological activities were reviewed. LHQW had a significant anti-virus effect characterized by a broad-spectrum pattern. It was reported that it not only possessed definitely suppressive effect on a series of influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, coxsackie, enterovirus, herpes simplex virus,but also displayed a significant inhibitory effect on both the new corona pneumonia virus (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Studies showed that LHQW has obvious anti-inflammatory effects on a variety of inflammation models. It can significantly increase the delayed hypersensitivity of immunocompromised mice (caused by hydrocortisone) against 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene, and improve their cellular immune function. It can improve the phagocytosis function of peritoneal macrophages, the serum hemolysin antibody level and the humoral immune function of mice with a low immune function, with a immunomodulatory effect. In addition, LHQW has therapeutic effects on the symptoms induced by respiratory tract infections, such as fever, cough and phlegm, so as to block the vicious circle of multiple pathological links of the disease, and bring the advantages of multi-target, multi-link and multi-approach overall treatment of TCM into play.
Keywords:Lianhua Qingwen preparation;anti-coronavirus;anti-virus;anti-inflammatory;immunoregulation;cough relieving and sputum reducing
Abstract:Tumor is one of the diseases that seriously endanger human health, and how to treat tumor effectively is still one of the important problems in the field of medicine. At present, most of the radiotherapies and chemical drugs for cancer have serious side effect despite of an obvious efficacy. With a unique syndrome differentiation treatment system and overall concept, traditional Chinese medicine has become the key research and development object of antitumor drugs due to many advantages, such as multiple channels, multiple levels, multiple links, multiple targets and less toxicity, and could can fully mobilize the immune and epidemic prevention mechanism of the body. A large number of studies have shown that Xiao Xianxiongtang and its effective ingredients have obvious antitumor effect. Many doctors have applied Xiao Xianxiongtang and modified formulas in clinical treatment of tumors, and relevant pharmacological studies have also confirmed the effectiveness of this formula, but with a lack of systematic summary of its effective ingredients and its mechanism of action. Now, with alkaloids, ketones, sterols and phenols in Xiao Xianxiongtang as the starting point, this study mainly focuses on inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, invasion and migration, induction of tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy, inhibition of tumor cell cycle, enhancement of tumor cell sensitivity, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and regulation of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment from two ways to sort out composition, function and mechanism of drugs. In this paper, effective components, main targets and mechanism of intervention in the tumor development of Xiao Xianxiongtang were reviewed, in order to provide a new idea for subsequent antitumor research and development of this prescription.
Abstract:Scutellarin is a flavonoid extracted from breviscapus, a traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacological studies have shown that scutellarin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor, improving cardiac and cerebral ischemia. In recent years, with the deepening of research on scutellarin, it was found that it could inhibit the tumor through multi-target and multi-pathway, and the anti-human colorectal cancer was related to the regulation of p53 pathway, Hedgelog pathway and erythropoietin generates liver cancer interactivator B2(EphrinB2).The anti-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is related to protein kinaseB1 /protein kinaseB2( Akt1/Akt2).Anti-renal carcinoma and melanoma are associated with phosphatase and tension protein homologues(PTEN) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) pathway. Anti-lung cancer is related to Akt/mTOR/4E binding protein1(4EBP1) and signal transduction and transcriptional activator(STAT3 )signaling pathway. Anti-cervical cancer is related to pyruvate kinase 2(PKM2).Anti-breast cancer is associated with Hippo/YAP pathway. At the same time, scutellarin was found to prevent diabetic microangiopathy, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, but the mechanism of action was not well studied. A review of the literature found that scutellarin anti-tumor, atherosclerosis, diabetic microangiopathy, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis mechanism of action lack of detailed summary. In this paper, the research progress of pharmacological action and mechanism of scutellarin in recent 5 years is reviewed, and Suggestions on its current research status and future direction are put forward, in order to speed up the discovery of pharmacological mechanism of scutellarin and provide scientific basis for its further development and utilization.
Abstract:Fibrosis is a pathological feature of most chronic inflammatory diseases, which is pathologically characterized by activation of fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix components. Fibrosis affects nearly every tissue in the body. If highly progressive, the fibrotic process eventually leads to organ malfunction and even death. Due to the complexity of the pathological mechanism of fibrosis, there is still a lack of effective therapeutic drugs. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, dry roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza, is a kind of traditional Chinese medicines for activating blood and removing stasis. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the tanshinones and salvianolic acids in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma have a wide range of anti-fibrosis effects, such as inhibiting the production of collagen fibers, promoting the degradation of fibrin, and inhibiting cell proliferation. In this review, pharmacological actions and mechanisms of active ingredients of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were summarized to provide references for the further development and utilization of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.
Keywords:Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma;chemical components;anti-fibrosis
Abstract:Sojae Semen Germinatum (SSG) was firstly recorded in Shennong Bencaojing. It is a dry processed product which is germinated using mature seeds of Glycine max. It is neutral in nature and sweet flavor, and its functions are to relieve heat, clear away heat and remove dampness. SSG has a long history of being used both as food and medicine, but it was not enrolled in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia until 2010. Doctors of different dynasties had different views of its processing procedures, and thus the quality of its decoction pieces is inconsistent. This article systematically straightened out the records of SSG in ancient books and modern literature, and summarized and analyzed the processing procedures, chemical constituents, quality analysis and pharmacological effects of SSG. It found that SSG contains proteins, isoflavones, saponins and other components, analytical methods for detecting these components include ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), etc. It has effect such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporosis, improvement of menopausal syndrome, treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and processing will change the type and content of its chemical components. Therefore, it is necessary to dig out active constituents of SSG, explore those changes in chemical constituents and pharmacological effect during the period of its primary and subsequent processing, and explore its action mechanism. This paper can provide the theoretical basis for standardized processing procedure, modern quality control and clinical application of SSG.
Abstract:The application of clinical medication and basic research progress of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan in the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS) were summarized. According to the different pathogenic sites of AS, the clinical research progress of TCM for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan in the treatment of AS and the commonly used TCM for the treatment of AS were summarized. Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Quinquefolium Panax, Cocos Wolf Poria, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Rosea Rhodiola, which were Yiqi herbs, were mostly used for the treatment of AS. Wallichii Ligusticum, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Notoginseng Radix, Paeoniae Rubra Radix, Paeoniae Alba Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Semen Persicae, Tinctorius Carthamus, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, tea root, which were Huoxue herbs, were mostly used for the treatment of AS. Huatan herbs, including Kirilowii Maxim Trichosanthes, Pinelliae Rhizama, Acorus Tatarinowii Schott, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Cum Bile Arisaema, Silicea Bambusae Concretio, Aurantii Immaturus Fructus, Bamboo Juice, were commonly used for the treatment of AS. According to the findings, TCM for Yiqi Huoxue was mostly combined with insect medicine and rattan medicine for the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis, combined with TCM for promoting Qi, relieving pain, dissipating blood stasis and reducing phlegm for the treatment of coronary heart disease, and combined with TCM for relaxing tendons and activating collaterals, resolving phlegm to benefit orifices, and invigorating spleen to remove dampness combined for the treatment of lower extremity sclerosis. In addition, the medication time, drug combination and improvement indexes were summarized. In basic studies, the experimental progress of this kind of medicine for the treatment of AS were summed up in the aspect of reducing inflammatory reaction, improving the abnormal lipid metabolism and improving the damage of inner membrane. At present, it was found that tanshinone, total saponins of stem and leaf of Panax Quinquefolium, extract of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. Qishen Yiqi dropping pill, Huxinkang tablet, Danlou tablet, Buyang Huanwutang combined with Gualou Xiebaitang, Huazhuo Tongmai powder were the main drugs for basic research, and the animal model, model characteristics and the mechanism of action were summarized. In order to provide a reference for the rational application of TCM for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan in the treatment of AS, the application law, the mechanism and characteristics of action and the future research directions of TCM for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan were summarized and reviewed.
Keywords:atherosclerosis;research progress;review;syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis;traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan
Abstract:Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(MOC) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in China. It is spicy-warm in property and bitter in flavor. It has the effects in eliminating dampness, eliminating phlegm and removing fullness. It is commonly used for dampness obstruction to spleen and stomach, chest and epigastric distension, glutinous grains, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and abdominal distension. It has a good efficacy in treating gastrointestinal discomfort and anorexia in clinic. The results showed that MOC mainly contains phenolic compounds, alkaloids and volatile oil. Magnolol, honokiol and other phenolic compounds are the main active substances, with obvious pharmacological activities on digestive, nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. In addition, it also has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor and anti-oxidation effects. Except for magnolol and honokiol and other active substances, MOC flowers also contain volatile oil, with a similar effect with MOC but a weaker function. It is mainly used for treating spleen and stomach dampness, fullness, chest and epigastric distension. In addition to magnolol and honokiol and other phenolic compounds, MOC leaves also contain volatile oil, flavonoids and polysaccharides and other chemical components, which have antibacterial, antioxidative, vasodilatory and other pharmacological effects. It can be used as medicine instead of MOC in clinic. In this paper, the pharmacology studies of MOC in recent 5 years was reviewed, in order to better develop and utilize magnolia bark and its waste flowers and leaves, and further develop relevant functional products with MOC as the main drug, while providing new ideas for expanding the resources of TCM.