Objective: To investigate the effect of serum containing Taohong Siwu decoction(TS) on transforming growth facor β1(TGF-β1)and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) secreted by macrophages and further explore the mechanism of macrophages in promoting necrotic repair. Method: Conventional New Zealand rabbits

half males and half females

were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group

TS high dose group

low dose group. Within 2 weeks

the high dose group was administrated with TS 15 g· kg-1 per day

the low-dose group was administrated with TS 7.5 g· kg-1 per day

the control group was administrated with normal saline 15 mL· kg-1 per day. Macrophages (M) were harvested after U-937 cell lines induced by phobol myristate acetate(PMA)

cells were seeded in flat-bottom 6 well plates at 5×105 cells/well. Under the stimulation condition of necrotic bone particles

M were exposed to 30% of TS medicated serum 48 h. Then cells were collected to detect TGF-β1 mRNA

TNF-α mRNA by reverse transcription PCR. Result: The production of TGF-β1 was high-regulated by different concentration of TS compared with control group(P<0.05)

the transcription quantity of low-dose group was 3.366 7

the high-dose group was 4.186 7; the production of TNF-α was down-regulated by different concentration of TS compared with control group(P<0.05)

the transcription quantity of low-dose group was 1.603 3

the high dose group was 1.356 7. Conclusion: The Taohong Siwu decoction can enhance the level of TGF-β1 and suppress the TNF-α.The Taohong Siwu decoction promote necrotic repair by affecting on the macrophages.