The pharmacological role on reproductive and endocrine system is one of the main contents in the research of epimedium

and also the important basis for its clinical efficacy. Most reports show epimedium has both sex hormone-like effect and effect on hypothalamus - pituitary - gonadal / adrenal axis to increase sex hormone levels. It also has effect on sex organ

generative cells and sexual function. However

some different or contrary conclusions have been reported

so more researches need to be done to explain its mechanism of action

and to explore new application fields.