Objective: This article was aiming to study the volatile components of the compound Jiawei Wendan decoction and to explore its pharmacodynamic material basis of the treatment on autism and related symptoms. Method: The study used HS-SPME

steam distillation(SD) methods combined with GC-MS technique to analyze the volatile components of the compound Jiaweiwendan decoction; the study used HS-SPME-GC-MS to compare the volatile components before and after the decoction. Result: A total of 187 peaks were identified; the highest content was α-asarone

with D-limonene followed. Seventy-four volatile components were detected by SD-GC-MS

among which 66 were identified

accounting for 99.89% of the total volatile components. One hundred and four volatile components were detected before the decoction by HS-SPME-GC-MS

with 85 identified

accounting for 99.79% of the total volatile components. Seventy-seven volatile components were detected after the decoction by HS-SPME-GC-MS

with 65 identified

accounting for 95.45% of the total volatile components. Conclusion: Five volatile components such as α-asarone

D-limonene

L-borneol etc. Paly a role in regulating the central nervous system

improving cerebral function

being anticonvulsant

improving stability and so on

thus can improve the symptoms of autism. The study provided not only a methodological basis for the volatile components Jiawei Wendan decoction

but also a reference to the phamacodynamic material basis of the decoction on the therapy of autism.