Objective: To evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effect of neoadjuvant radio-chemotherapy of Sanyang Xuedai mixture on myelosuppression in patients with squamous carcinoma. Method: One hundred and thirty-two eligible patients were randomly divided into control group (65 cases) and observation group (67 cases) by random number table. Patients in both groups received treatment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (TP scheme). At the same time

patients in control group also received leucogen tablets

2 tablets/time

3 times/day. Based on the treatment of control group

patients in observation group also received Sanyang Xuedai mixture

20 mL/time

3 times/day. At the end of radiotherapy and chemotherapy

patients still with myelosuppression used Sanyang Xuedai mixture for another 4 to 8 weeks. During radiotherapy and chemotherapy

patients with Ⅲ degree myelosuppression received recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor injections (rhG-CSF) by subcutaneous injection

2-5 μg·kg-1·d-1. At the beginning of radiotherapy and chemotherapy

blood routine examination was made once a week

emerging and recovering time of myelosuppression was recorded to evaluate the degree of myelosuppression. Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and size of solid tumor were also evaluated. And application amount of rhG-CSF was recorded. Result: Rate of myelosuppression in observation group was 88.06%

lower than 96.92% in control group

but there was no statistical difference between two groups. The degree of myelosuppression in observation group was lighter than that in control group (P<0.05). Average response time of myelosuppression in observation group was later than that in control group (P<0.05). After radiotherapy and chemotherapy

average recovery time of myelosuppression in observation group was shorter than that in control group (P<0.05). And the application amount of rhG-CSF was also less than that in control group (P<0.01). At the end of radiotherapy and chemotherapy

levels of leukocyte

neutrophil and hemoglobin were higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Scores of KPS were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate for solid tumor in observation group was 88.06%

higher than 76.92% in control group

but there was no statistical difference between two groups. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant radio-chemotherapy of Sanyang Xuedai mixture can relieve degree of myelosuppression

delay the emergence of myelosuppression and stabilize patients' quality of life.