Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Sanren Tang in rescue treatment after failed eradication of helicobacter pylori (Hp) and its effect on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and heat shock protein70(HSP70). Method: One hundred and thirty-five patients with previous failed eradication of Hp were randomly divided into control group (67 cases) and treatment group (68 cases) according to visiting sequence. Control group received quadruple regimen treatment

including Colloidal bismuth pectincapsule 400 mg (bid)

orally taken after meals.Sodium Rabeprazole Enteric-coated Tablets

10 mg (bid)

orally taken before meals.furazolidone tablets 100 mg (bid)

and amoxicillin capsule 1000 mg (bid). Based on control group

the treatment group also received modified Sanren Tang treatment

1 dose/d and bid

in conventional decoction form in the morning and evening. The treatment course was 10 days for both groups. Hp eradication rate was detected in both groups. Scores of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome and clinical efficacy were compared between two groups. Serum levels of NF-κB and HSP70 were measured in both groups. Result: Hp eradication rate was 87.69% in treatment group

which was superior to 72.31% in control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 93.85% in treatment group and 80% in control group

and there was statistical difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment

scores of epigastric pain

epigastric distention

epigastric burning

fetid oris

nausea and vomiting as well as the total scores in treatment group were obviously lower than those of control group (P<0.01). After treatment

serum level of NF-κB in treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group

while HSP70 was significantly higher than that in control group

with statistically significant difference between two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on quadruple regimen treatment

modified Sanren Tang in treatment of failed eradication of Hp could obviously enhance Hp eradication rate and clinical efficacy

improve TCM syndrome

and its mechanism may be associated with decreased NF-κB level and increased HSP70 level.