Objective: To identify Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus by ITS2 sequences. Method: ITS2 sequences of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus were amplificated by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and bidirectionally sequenced.ITS2 sequences of related 10Schisandra species and 2 out-group specie samples were downloaded from GenBank.CodonCode Aligner was used for sequence splicing and MEGA 5.10 was utilized for related data calculating.Then neighbour-joining tree(NJ tree) was built based on K2P model

and Blast method was used to identify specie of samples in this study.Differences between ITS2 secondary structures which were prodicted using ITS2 web server were analysed. Result: Lengths of sequences of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus were 231

225-227 bp.Blast identification of samples were Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus. K2P genetic distance between two species(0.0104-0.0157) was greater than intraspecific genetic variation.In NJ tree

Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus were clustered into a single branch respectively

which showed monophyletic

and could be distinguished between other species of S. with a high Bootstrap approval rate. Conclusion: DNA barcoding based on ITS2 sequence is a powerful and efficient tool for identification of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus.